A&P lab week one and i guess A&P too
The elbow is located _________________ to the wrist.
'translate' to is the elbow further away, or closer to the point of origin, the armpit area, than the wrist PROXIMAL
Name the body's organ systems.
11 organ systems include the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, and reproductive systems
The umbilicus (belly button) is located ______________ to the sternum. It is located in the __________________ abdominal region.
?? INFERIOR... IN THE ABDOMINAL REIGON?
The lungs are located ________________ to the ribs.
?????
Name a structure that is inferior, appendicular, and very distal.
???????
Name a structure that is located cranial to the abdominal cavity, caudal to the neck, and dorsal to the sternum.
????????
Name a structure that is in the medial part of the body, located inferior to the lungs and posterior to the intestines. Note
A coronal section would contain this structure and the heart, and it is more caudal than the pancreas.
Pes
A foot or footlike part, especially the foot of a four-footed vertebrate.
Lecture 1
Anatomical terminology
Deep
Away from the body surface; more internal
Sural
Calf or posterior surface of the leg
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
In contrast, a stab wound that penetrates the skin and muscle is referred to as a __________ wound.
DEEP
Superior
Higher on the body, nearer to the head
Big idea
How can we use anatomical terminology to describe body parts?
Fibular
Lateral aspect of the leg
Inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
The nose is located ________________ and ________________ to the ears.
MEDIAL AND anterior?
Internal/Medial Rotation
Medial rotation of thigh: femurs anterior surface towards the median plane of body This type of rotation occurs in the transverse plane. It is directed toward the midline; and the bone turns on it's long axis.
what is buccal?
Medication placed in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek.
Meniscus
Menisci forms the concavity in which the femoral condyles sits. Menisci rests between the thigh bone femur and the tibia and there are two knee joint ligaments. They are a type of cartilage in the joint. C-shaped piece of tough, rubbery cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between your shinbone and thighbone. It can be torn if you suddenly twist your knee while bearing weight on it. A torn meniscus is one of the most common knee injuries.Nov
Sacral
Posterior region between the hip bones
A scratch wound that does not penetrate the skin is said to be a _________________ wound.
SUPERFICIAL
What is anatomical position?
The body is erect, the feet are slightly apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward
Flexion
This angular movement decreases the angle of the joint and brings the bones that are involved closer together (bending). Can occur in any plane of the body. Knee, elbow joint, shoulder, neck, vertebral column, foot, etc...
Extension
This angular movement increases the angle of the joint and this increases angle between the bones involved (straightening). Can occur in any plane of the body Knee, elbow joint, shoulder, neck, vertebral column, foot, etc...
Abduction
This angular movement occurs in the frontal plane and involves the movement of a limb away from the median plane or middle of the hand/foot. Can occur in any plane of the body. Raising arm or thigh lottery Spreading fingers/toes apart (midline is 2nd/3rd toe) Legs, arms, fingers, toes
Adduction
This angular movement occurs in the frontal plane and involves the movement of a limb toward the body's midline or middle of hand/foot. Can occur in any plane of the body. Legs, arms, fingers, toes
Pronation
This involves the palm facing downwards (radius and ulna crossed). Proximal and distal radioulnar joint (forearm; radius twist over the ulna)
Supination
This involves the palm facing upwards (radius and ulna parallel to each other). Proximal and distal radioulnar joint (forearm)
Lateral Flexion
This is the bending of the neck or trunk right or left away from the body midline in the frontal plane. In simpler terms, moving right or left away from the midline. Neck/head/spine
Elevation
This is the lifting of a body part superiorly to a reference point. Scapula, mandible, ribs
Depression
This is the moving of a body part inferiorly to a reference point. Scapula, mandible, ribs
Inversion
This is when the sole of the foot rotates towards the midline. Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints in foot
Protraction
This occurs on the transverse plane and consists of non-angular anterior movement (ex: "reaching out"). Scapula and mandible
Retraction
This occurs on the transverse plane and consists of non-angular posterior movement. (ex: "picking up something"). Scapula and mandible
External/Lateral Rotation
This type of rotation occurs in the transverse plane. It is directed away from the midline as the bone turns on it's long axis. Opposite of medial rotation Shoulder, knee, hip
Eversion
This when the sole of foot is turned away from midline. Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints in foot
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Name a structure that is located toward the dorsal side of the body, lateral and superior to the hamstring but inferior to the heart. Note
Transverse sections including this structure would include the pancreas.
Compare and contrast anatomy and physiology.
What is Anatomy? Form/strcuture, type of info u get by taking a picture What is Physiology? Function, movie/video
The abdominal region refers to the _____________.Is it axial or appendicular?
abdomen (commonly called the belly) is the body space between the thorax (chest) and pelvis.
Tarsal
ankle region (anterior)
Abdominal
anterior body trunk inferior to ribs
Antecubital
anterior surface of elbow
axial vs appendicular The human body is partitioned into axial and appendicular regions. How would you describe these regions?
appendicular skeleton includes all the bones that form the upper and lower limbs, and the shoulder and pelvic girdles. The axial skeleton includes all the bones along the body's long axis axial skeleton includes the bones that form the skull, laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The bones of the appendicular skeleton (the limbs and girdles) "append" to the axial skeleton.
The pelvic region refers to the _________________.Is it axial or appendicular?
area between the trunk — or main body — and the lower extremities, or legs.
Lumbar
area of back between ribs and hips; lower back
Axillary
armpit
Describe the levels of organization of the human body.
atom → molecule → macromoelcule → organelle → cell → tissue (histology) → organ → organ system → organism IMPORTANT
Lateral
away from the midline
The human body is partitioned into axial and appendicular regions. How would you describe these regions? axial skeleton: vertical axis of body (bones head, neck, back, chest)
axial skelon forms the vertical axis of the body and includes the bones of the head, neck, back, and chest of the body. It consists of 80 bones that include the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones and includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs.et The main difference between Axial and Appendicular skeleton is, axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body while the appendicular skeleton forms the limbs and appendages.
Posterior (dorsal)
back
Occipital
back of head or base of skull; vision
Umbilical
belly button, navel
Hallux
big toe
Metacarpal
bones which connect your wrist to your fingers
Mammary
breast
Sternal
breastbone area (anterior)
Gluteal
buttock
whats a word for wrist
carpal
The cervical region refers to the ______________. Is it axial or appendicular?
cervical spine (neck region) consists of seven bones (C1-C7 vertebrae), which are separated from one another by intervertebral discs.
Buccal
cheek
Zygomatic
cheek bone
Mental
chin
The __________________ cavity encases the brain.
cranial
The liver is ____________ to the skin.
deep
Otic
ear
Orbital
eye
Facial
face
Distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Digital
fingers, toes
Frontal
forehead
Anterior (ventral)
front
Patellar
front of knee
Name a structure that is located posterior and inferior to the liver.
gallbalder???????
Manus
hand
Cephalic
head
The cephalic region refers to the _____________.Is it axial or appendicular?
head/skull
Calcaneal
heel
Coxal
hip
Occurs within the vertebral column in the pivot joint or ball-socket joint and/or Ball-socket joints of shoulder and hip. Shoulder, knee, hip
internalmedialrotation
The elbow is _____________ to the wrist. The wrist is ___________ to the elbow.
is the elbow further away or closer to the point of oriign (armpit area) than the wrist The elbow is proximal to the wrist. The wrist is distal to the elbow.
Crural
lower leg/shin
prone
lying face down
supine
lying face up/onback
The mouth is ______________ to the ear.
medial and inferior
Oral
mouth
Superficial
near the surface; external
Cervical
neck
The brachial plexus refers to something that has to do with the _____.
network of nerves in the shoulder that carries movement and sensory signals from the spinal cord to the arms and hands.
Nasal
nose
Contralateral
on the opposite side of the body from another structure
Ipsilateral
on the same side of the body as another structure
Palmar
palm
The lower extremity is also known as the ___________.Is it axial or appendicular?
part of the body from the hip to the toes
Pectoral
pertaining to the chest
Digital (hand)
pertaining to the digits (fingers)
Antebrachial
pertaining to the forearm
Inguinal
pertaining to the groin
Popliteal
posterior knee area
Olecranal
posterior surface of elbow
Circumduction
rcular movement of a limb at the far end; arm in a circle around shoulder' moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
Perineal
region between the anus and external genitalia
Genital
reproductive organs
Scapular
shoulder blade
Deltoid
shoulder, abudcts arm, urve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle
Plantar surface
sole of foot
Vertebral
spinal column
The epigastric region is ____ the stomach, where the hypogastric region is ___.
superior to uimbiligion region (above belly) inferiror to umbilical region (pubic area)
whats a word for ankle?
tarsal
Hyperextension
the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its northe extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limitmal limit; Excessive straightening of a body part
The upper extremity is also known as the ___________.Is it axial or appendicular?
the upper arm, forearm, and hand
Femoral
thigh
The thoracic region refers to the _____________.Is it axial or appendicular?
thoracic spine is located in the upper and middle part of the back
The __________________ cavity encases the lungs.
thoracic/pleural
Pollex
thumb
Why use anatomical terminology?
to facilitate communication among health professionals
Digital (foot)
toes
Metatarsal
top of foot
dorsum
top of foot
Parietal
top of head or outer wall of cavity
Acromial
top of shoulder
Rostral
toward the forehead or nose
Cranial
toward the head
Caudal
toward the tail
brachial versus antebrahcial?
uper arm vs forearm
Brachial
upper arm
Auricular
visible surface structures of the ear
Carpal
wrist