A&P lab week one and i guess A&P too

The elbow is located _________________ to the wrist.

'translate' to is the elbow further away, or closer to the point of origin, the armpit area, than the wrist PROXIMAL

Name the body's organ systems.

11 organ systems include the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, and reproductive systems

The umbilicus (belly button) is located ______________ to the sternum. It is located in the __________________ abdominal region.

?? INFERIOR... IN THE ABDOMINAL REIGON?

The lungs are located ________________ to the ribs.

?????

Name a structure that is inferior, appendicular, and very distal.

???????

Name a structure that is located cranial to the abdominal cavity, caudal to the neck, and dorsal to the sternum.

????????

Name a structure that is in the medial part of the body, located inferior to the lungs and posterior to the intestines. Note

A coronal section would contain this structure and the heart, and it is more caudal than the pancreas.

Pes

A foot or footlike part, especially the foot of a four-footed vertebrate.

Lecture 1

Anatomical terminology

Deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

Sural

Calf or posterior surface of the leg

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

In contrast, a stab wound that penetrates the skin and muscle is referred to as a __________ wound.

DEEP

Superior

Higher on the body, nearer to the head

Big idea

How can we use anatomical terminology to describe body parts?

Fibular

Lateral aspect of the leg

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

The nose is located ________________ and ________________ to the ears.

MEDIAL AND anterior?

Internal/Medial Rotation

Medial rotation of thigh: femurs anterior surface towards the median plane of body This type of rotation occurs in the transverse plane. It is directed toward the midline; and the bone turns on it's long axis.

what is buccal?

Medication placed in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek.

Meniscus

Menisci forms the concavity in which the femoral condyles sits. Menisci rests between the thigh bone femur and the tibia and there are two knee joint ligaments. They are a type of cartilage in the joint. C-shaped piece of tough, rubbery cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between your shinbone and thighbone. It can be torn if you suddenly twist your knee while bearing weight on it. A torn meniscus is one of the most common knee injuries.Nov

Sacral

Posterior region between the hip bones

A scratch wound that does not penetrate the skin is said to be a _________________ wound.

SUPERFICIAL

What is anatomical position?

The body is erect, the feet are slightly apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward

Flexion

This angular movement decreases the angle of the joint and brings the bones that are involved closer together (bending). Can occur in any plane of the body. Knee, elbow joint, shoulder, neck, vertebral column, foot, etc...

Extension

This angular movement increases the angle of the joint and this increases angle between the bones involved (straightening). Can occur in any plane of the body Knee, elbow joint, shoulder, neck, vertebral column, foot, etc...

Abduction

This angular movement occurs in the frontal plane and involves the movement of a limb away from the median plane or middle of the hand/foot. Can occur in any plane of the body. Raising arm or thigh lottery Spreading fingers/toes apart (midline is 2nd/3rd toe) Legs, arms, fingers, toes

Adduction

This angular movement occurs in the frontal plane and involves the movement of a limb toward the body's midline or middle of hand/foot. Can occur in any plane of the body. Legs, arms, fingers, toes

Pronation

This involves the palm facing downwards (radius and ulna crossed). Proximal and distal radioulnar joint (forearm; radius twist over the ulna)

Supination

This involves the palm facing upwards (radius and ulna parallel to each other). Proximal and distal radioulnar joint (forearm)

Lateral Flexion

This is the bending of the neck or trunk right or left away from the body midline in the frontal plane. In simpler terms, moving right or left away from the midline. Neck/head/spine

Elevation

This is the lifting of a body part superiorly to a reference point. Scapula, mandible, ribs

Depression

This is the moving of a body part inferiorly to a reference point. Scapula, mandible, ribs

Inversion

This is when the sole of the foot rotates towards the midline. Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints in foot

Protraction

This occurs on the transverse plane and consists of non-angular anterior movement (ex: "reaching out"). Scapula and mandible

Retraction

This occurs on the transverse plane and consists of non-angular posterior movement. (ex: "picking up something"). Scapula and mandible

External/Lateral Rotation

This type of rotation occurs in the transverse plane. It is directed away from the midline as the bone turns on it's long axis. Opposite of medial rotation Shoulder, knee, hip

Eversion

This when the sole of foot is turned away from midline. Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints in foot

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Name a structure that is located toward the dorsal side of the body, lateral and superior to the hamstring but inferior to the heart. Note

Transverse sections including this structure would include the pancreas.

Compare and contrast anatomy and physiology.

What is Anatomy? Form/strcuture, type of info u get by taking a picture What is Physiology? Function, movie/video

The abdominal region refers to the _____________.Is it axial or appendicular?

abdomen (commonly called the belly) is the body space between the thorax (chest) and pelvis.

Tarsal

ankle region (anterior)

Abdominal

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

Antecubital

anterior surface of elbow

axial vs appendicular The human body is partitioned into axial and appendicular regions. How would you describe these regions?

appendicular skeleton includes all the bones that form the upper and lower limbs, and the shoulder and pelvic girdles. The axial skeleton includes all the bones along the body's long axis axial skeleton includes the bones that form the skull, laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The bones of the appendicular skeleton (the limbs and girdles) "append" to the axial skeleton.

The pelvic region refers to the _________________.Is it axial or appendicular?

area between the trunk — or main body — and the lower extremities, or legs.

Lumbar

area of back between ribs and hips; lower back

Axillary

armpit

Describe the levels of organization of the human body.

atom → molecule → macromoelcule → organelle → cell → tissue (histology) → organ → organ system → organism IMPORTANT

Lateral

away from the midline

The human body is partitioned into axial and appendicular regions. How would you describe these regions? axial skeleton: vertical axis of body (bones head, neck, back, chest)

axial skelon forms the vertical axis of the body and includes the bones of the head, neck, back, and chest of the body. It consists of 80 bones that include the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones and includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs.et The main difference between Axial and Appendicular skeleton is, axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body while the appendicular skeleton forms the limbs and appendages.

Posterior (dorsal)

back

Occipital

back of head or base of skull; vision

Umbilical

belly button, navel

Hallux

big toe

Metacarpal

bones which connect your wrist to your fingers

Mammary

breast

Sternal

breastbone area (anterior)

Gluteal

buttock

whats a word for wrist

carpal

The cervical region refers to the ______________. Is it axial or appendicular?

cervical spine (neck region) consists of seven bones (C1-C7 vertebrae), which are separated from one another by intervertebral discs.

Buccal

cheek

Zygomatic

cheek bone

Mental

chin

The __________________ cavity encases the brain.

cranial

The liver is ____________ to the skin.

deep

Otic

ear

Orbital

eye

Facial

face

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Digital

fingers, toes

Frontal

forehead

Anterior (ventral)

front

Patellar

front of knee

Name a structure that is located posterior and inferior to the liver.

gallbalder???????

Manus

hand

Cephalic

head

The cephalic region refers to the _____________.Is it axial or appendicular?

head/skull

Calcaneal

heel

Coxal

hip

Occurs within the vertebral column in the pivot joint or ball-socket joint and/or Ball-socket joints of shoulder and hip. Shoulder, knee, hip

internalmedialrotation

The elbow is _____________ to the wrist. The wrist is ___________ to the elbow.

is the elbow further away or closer to the point of oriign (armpit area) than the wrist The elbow is proximal to the wrist. The wrist is distal to the elbow.

Crural

lower leg/shin

prone

lying face down

supine

lying face up/onback

The mouth is ______________ to the ear.

medial and inferior

Oral

mouth

Superficial

near the surface; external

Cervical

neck

The brachial plexus refers to something that has to do with the _____.

network of nerves in the shoulder that carries movement and sensory signals from the spinal cord to the arms and hands.

Nasal

nose

Contralateral

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body as another structure

Palmar

palm

The lower extremity is also known as the ___________.Is it axial or appendicular?

part of the body from the hip to the toes

Pectoral

pertaining to the chest

Digital (hand)

pertaining to the digits (fingers)

Antebrachial

pertaining to the forearm

Inguinal

pertaining to the groin

Popliteal

posterior knee area

Olecranal

posterior surface of elbow

Circumduction

rcular movement of a limb at the far end; arm in a circle around shoulder' moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

Perineal

region between the anus and external genitalia

Genital

reproductive organs

Scapular

shoulder blade

Deltoid

shoulder, abudcts arm, urve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

Plantar surface

sole of foot

Vertebral

spinal column

The epigastric region is ____ the stomach, where the hypogastric region is ___.

superior to uimbiligion region (above belly) inferiror to umbilical region (pubic area)

whats a word for ankle?

tarsal

Hyperextension

the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its northe extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limitmal limit; Excessive straightening of a body part

The upper extremity is also known as the ___________.Is it axial or appendicular?

the upper arm, forearm, and hand

Femoral

thigh

The thoracic region refers to the _____________.Is it axial or appendicular?

thoracic spine is located in the upper and middle part of the back

The __________________ cavity encases the lungs.

thoracic/pleural

Pollex

thumb

Why use anatomical terminology?

to facilitate communication among health professionals

Digital (foot)

toes

Metatarsal

top of foot

dorsum

top of foot

Parietal

top of head or outer wall of cavity

Acromial

top of shoulder

Rostral

toward the forehead or nose

Cranial

toward the head

Caudal

toward the tail

brachial versus antebrahcial?

uper arm vs forearm

Brachial

upper arm

Auricular

visible surface structures of the ear

Carpal

wrist