A&P Lecture Exam 5
T/F The perception of taste will be significantly altered by obstructions of the nasal cavity (e.g. nasal congestion).
True
T/F The primary auditory area and the primary olfactory areas are located in the temporal lobe of the cortex; the primary visual area is located in the occipital lobe.
True
T/F The primary reason that the sympathetic division of the ANS produces immediate responses within the body is based on the concept of divergence.
True
T/F The receptors for pain, temperature, itch, and tickle are all free nerve endings.
True
T/F Most brain tumors are formed from neurons.
False
T/F Most people have conscious control over their autonomic nervous system.
False
T/F Motor neurons carry impulses from the periphery to the brain or spinal cord.
False
T/F Olfactory receptor cells are unipolar neurons.
False
T/F Olfactory receptors are mechanoreceptors.
False
T/F Optic nerve II is the facial nerve.
False
T/F Optic nerve III is the facial nerve.
False
T/F People would benefit from losing the ability to perceive pain.
False
T/F Perception is the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the internal or external environment.
False
T/F Sensory neurons carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery.
False
T/F Serotonin stimulates other neurons to release endorphins.
False
T/F Small openings in the roof of the third ventricle allow passage of CSF into the subarachnoid space.
False
T/F Static equilibrium is the equilibrium that detects sudden movement and aids in maintaining balance.
False
T/F Taste receptors are found only on the tongue.
False
T/F Temperature receptors adapt slowly.
False
T/F Temperature receptors do not adapt.
False
T/F The blood-cerebrospinal fluid layer does not allow any substances from the blood to enter the CSF.
False
T/F The choroid plexus is the fluid produced in the lateral ventricle.
False
T/F The dorsal root ganglion contains the cell bodies of motor neurons.
False
T/F The general senses require separate cells found in an organ specialized for detection of that sensation.
False
T/F The lateral cerebral sulcus primarily separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe.
False
T/F The oculomotor nerve is a mixed nerve with both motor and sensory functions.
False
T/F The olfactory nerve is a mixed nerve with both motor and sensory functions.
False
T/F The optic nerve is a mixed nerve with both motor and sensory functions.
False
The organs responsible for static and dynamic equilibrium are collectively known as the _____ apparatus.
vestibular
Nerve impulses from the cochlear hair cells and crista ampullaris of the inner ear are carried by cranial nerve _____.
vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Nerve impulses from the cochlea hair cells and crista ampullaris of the inner ear are carried by cranial nerve _____.
vestibulocochlear nerve VIII
The posterior cavity is filled with a jelly like fluid called _____.
vitreous humor
T/F The hypothalamus has a large regulatory role in the brain.
True
T/F The hypothalamus is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system.
True
T/F The osseous (bony) labyrinth contains perilymph.
True
Which of the following are known to be free nerve endings? 1) nociceptors, 2) thermoreceptors, 3) proprioceptors, 4) type I mechanoreceptors, 5) type II mechanoreceptors, and 6) receptors for itch and tickle
1, 2, 6
In what order do the following structures vibrate as sound is transmitted? 1) stapes, 2) tympanic membrane, 3) oval window, 4) incus, and 5) malleus
2, 5, 4, 1, 3
Place the following in the correct order for the transmission of olfactory information that results in odor perception. 1) olfactory bulbs, 2) olfactory tract, 3) temporal cortex, 4) olfactory nerves, and 5) frontal cortex
4, 1, 2, 3, 5
Which of the following is/are innervated only by the sympathetic division? 1) arrector pili muscles, 2) blood vessels in the kidney, 3) sweat glands, 4) adipose tissue, 5) skeletal muscle arterioles, 6) brain arterioles, and 7) adrenal medulla A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 B) 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 C) 1, 3, 4, 7 D) 2, 4, 5, 6
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
The adult brain represents only _____ of the total body weight. A) 2% B) 5% C) 10% D) 12% E) 20%
A) 2%
Which of the following does not occur during sleep? A) ANS is stimulated B) decrease of heart rate C) decrease of blood pressure D) skeletal muscles can not contract E) dream during REM
A) ANS is stimulated
This structure protects the inner parts of the eyeball. A) sclera B) pupil C) iris D) cornea E) retina
A) sclera
Which of the following is considered a rapidly adapting receptor? A) Meissner corpuscle B) Merkel disc C) Pacinian corpuscle D) Both A and B E) All of the above
A) Meissner corpuscle
Which of the following is considered a receptor for fine touch? A) Meissner corpuscles B) Merkel disc C) Pacinian corpuscle D) Osmoreceptors E) Photoreceptors
A) Meissner corpuscle
Which of the following is responsible for sensation of hearing? A) Organ of Corti B) ampulla C) saccule D) utricle E) semicircular canals
A) Organ of Corti
_____ is an illness involving tremors of the hands, slowed movements, and muscle rigidity. A) Parkinson's disease B) epilepsy C) schiophrenia D) myasthenia gravis E) Alzheimer's disease F) Huntington disease
A) Parkinson's disease
Which of the following is not found in the frontal lobe? A) Wernicke's area B) primary motor areas C) frontal eye field D) Broca's area
A) Wernicke's area
This is the space that is found between the cornea and the iris and is filled with aqueous humor. A) anterior chamber B) anterior cavity C) posterior chamber D) posterior cavity E) pupil
A) anterior chamber
Which of the following thalamic nuclei is correctly matched with its funciton? A) anterior nucleus; emotions and memory B) lateral geniculate nucleus; taste C) medial geniculate nucleus; voluntary motor actions D) ventral posterior nucleus; vision
A) anterior nucleus; emotions and memory
Which of the following is part of the forebrain? A) auditory cortex B) superior colliculi C) thalamus D) medulla oblongata E) hypothalums F) pineal
A) auditory cortex
Which of the following does not consists primarily of slowly adapting sensory receptors? A) body position B) touch C) pressure D) smell
A) body position
Which of the following continuously receives sensory information from the utricle and saccule, monitors the information, and subsequently sends impulses to the motor cortex of the cerebrum? A) cerebellum B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) pons E) thalamus
A) cerebellum
Cerebral spinal fluid is produced in which structure(s)? A) choroid plexuses B) cerebral aqueduct C) arachnoid villi D) arachnoid granulation E) median aperture
A) choroid plexuses
These are networks of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles. A) choroid plexuses B) lateral apertures C) interventricular foramina D) median aperture E) aqueduct of the midbrain
A) choroid plexuses
Which is the correct order of structures and fluids that light must pass through to reach the photoreceptor cells. A) conjuctiva, cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, vitreous humor, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptor cells B) cornea, conjuctiva, aqueous humor, pupil, vitreous humor, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptor cells C) conjuctiva, cornea, vitreous humor, pupil, aqueous humor, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptor cells D) conjuctiva, cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, vitreous humor, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, photoreceptor cells E) conjuctiva, cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, vitreous humor, ganglion cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells
A) conjuctiva, cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, vitreous humor, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptor cells
Which is a function of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve? A) conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue B) conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles C) conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharygneal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles D) controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing
A) conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue
Which is a function of the olfactory (I) nerve? A) conveys nerve impulses related to smell B) conveys nerve impulses related to vision C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball, constriction of pupil D) causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle
A) conveys nerve impulses related to smell
This area contains neurons that release dopamine. A) substantia nigra B) olive C) inferior colliculus D) cerebral peduncles E) apneustic area
A) substantia nigra
Which is a function of the trigeminal (V) nerve? A) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp B) turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball, constriction of pupil D) causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle
A) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system will cause A) dilation of the pupils B) constriction of the pupils C) increased urine production and "wetting the pants" D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
A) dilation of the pupils
Cerebrospinal fluid contains all of the following except: A) erythrocytes B) lymphocytes C) water D) electrolytes
A) erthrocytes
Which of the following is the pathway of sound waves from the auricle to the spiral organ of Corti? A) external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, maleus, incus, stapes, oval window, perilymph B) external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, stapes, incus, maleus, secondary tympanic membrane, endolymph C) eustachian tube, tympanic membrane, incus, maleus, stapes, oval window, endolymph D) internal auditory canal, tympanic membrane, eustachian tube, maleus, incus, stapes, secondary tympanic membrane, perilymph E) internal auditory canal, tympanic membrane, maleus, incus, stapes, secondary tympanic membrane, perilymph
A) external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, maleus, incus, stapes, oval window, perilymph
Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve? A) facial VII B) trigeminal V C) glossopharyngeal IX D) vagus X
A) facial VII
This conducts impulses from the somatic receptors into the brain stem or spinal cord. A) first order neuron B) second order neuron C) third order neuron D) both A and B E) none of the above
A) first order neuron
Binocular vision A) gives depth perception B) provides accurate color vision C) is only seen in humans D) can be created with only one eye E) all of the above
A) gives depth perception
Which structure transduces mechanical vibrations into electrical signals? A) hair cells B) supporting cells C) tympanic membrane D) oval window E) auricle
A) hair cells
Which of the following is not a proprioceptor? A) hair root plexus B) hair cells of the inner ear C) Golgi tendon organ D) muscle spindle
A) hair root plexus
This cranial nerve is a motor nerve that moves the tongue, aides in swallowing, and is involved in speech. A) hypoglossal XII B) hypoglossal IX C) facial VII D) trigeminal VII E) facial V F) trigeminal V
A) hypoglossal XII
The regions of the brain stem involved in the control of respiration are the: A) medulla and pons B) pons and midbrain C) midbrain and medulla D) midbrain, pons, and medulla
A) medulla and pons
In what part of the brain would you find the cerebral aqueduct? A) midbrain B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum
A) midbrain
In what part of the brain would you find the cerebral peduncles? A) midbrain B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum
A) midbrain
Select the best description for the ceruminous glands: A) near the external opening of the external auditory canal B) embedded in tarsal plate of eyelid C) superior and lateral to the eyeball D) in connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium E) at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes
A) near the external opening of the external auditory canal
Visceral pain results from stimulating A) nociceptors B) chemoreceptors C) exteroreceptors D) proprioceptors E) none of the above
A) nociceptors
In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area? A) occipital lobe B) temporal lobe C) parietal lobe D) frontal lobe
A) occipital lobe
Adaptation A) occurs rapidly B) is an increase in sensitivity C) is seen in olfaction and hearing D) occurs only with vision E) never occurs with taste
A) occurs rapidly
These cells provide for the sense of smell. A) olfactory hair cells B) glial cells C) basal stem cells D) bowman's glands E) gustatory cells
A) olfactory hair cells
The postcentral gyrus is in the _____ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary _____ area. A) parietal; somatosensory B) parietal; motor C) frontal; somatosensory D) frontal; motor
A) parietal; somatosensory
Changes in neurons that allows for learning and for changes in behavior are known as A) plasticity B) long-term potentiation C) NREM D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
A) plasticity
The limbic system A) plays a major role in emotions, such as fear, pleasure and rage B) detects body temperature changes and initiates responses to maintain homeostasis C) controls hunger and food seeking behavior D) A and C are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
A) plays a major role in emotions, such as fear, pleasure and rage
This helps maintain consciousness. A) reticular activating system B) pons C) substantia nigra D) olive E) inferior peduncles
A) reticular activating system
A lesion to the _____ side of the midbrain would eliminate motor function to the entire left side of the body (hemiplegia). A) right B) left
A) right
In what part of the brain would you find the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei? A) thalamus B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum
A) thalamus
This is the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the brain stem and the spinal cord. A) thalamus B) hypothalamus C) epithalamus D) pons E) midbrain
A) thalamus
Which of the following is a part of the diencephalon? A) thalamus B) medulla oblongata C) superior colliculi D) olfactory cortex
A) thalamus
Which of the following effects does not occur during the fight-or-flight response? A) the pupils constrict B) the airways increase in diameter C) blood vessels to skeletal muscles dilate D) heart rate speeds up E) blood pressure increases
A) the pupils constrict
Which of the following is true for olfactory hairs? A) they are cilia of olfactory receptors B) they are dendrites of olfactory neurons C) they are cilia of the supporting cells D) they produce mucus in the olfactory glands
A) they are cilia of olfactory receptors
The _____ lies between the cochlea and the semicircular canals. A) vestibule B) tympanic membrane C) cochlea D) organ of Corti E) none of the above
A) vestibule
This lies between the lens and the retina. A) vitreous humor (chamber) B) pupil C) iris D) cornea E) aqueous chamber
A) vitreous humor (chamber)
_____ receptors are both alpha and beta and bind norepinephrine.
Adrenergic
_____ receptors are receptors found throughout the body that bind norepinephrine.
Adrenergic
_____ is the part of the peripheral nervous system that functions by itself unconsciously.
Autonomic nervous system
Which of the following is found in the frontal lobe? A) Wernicke's area B) Broca's area C) gustatory cortex D) olfactory cortex E) all of the above
B) Broca's area
Which of the following is not found in the temporal lobe? A) Wernicke's area B) Broca's area C) auditory cortex D) olfactory cortex
B) Broca's area
Which of the below structures senses dynamic equilibrium? A) cochlea B) semicircular canals C) maccule of vestibule D) Organ of Corti E) vestibulocochlear nerve
B) semicircular canals
Which of the following neurotransmitters does not bind to adrenergic receptors? A) adrenaline B) acetylcholine C) epinephrine D) norepinephrine
B) acetylcholine
During this, the frequency of nerve impulses in the first-order neuron decreases during prolonged stimulus. A) fatigue B) adaptation C) perception D) modality E) transduction
B) adaptation
Which of the following does not describe the visual pathway as light enters the eye? A) medial fibers of the retina cross over at the optic chiasm while lateral fibers do not B) all axons from the temporal half of the retina cross in the optic chiasm C) all axons of the retina exit the eye at the optic disc D) the optic tract connects to the thalamus which then travels to the primary visual area in the cortex
B) all axons from the temporal half of the retina cross in the optic chiasm
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by _____ and functions to _____. A) dura mater; maintain a stable ionic concentration in the CNS B) choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protect the brain from blows to the skull C) arachnoid mater; provide a pathway to the blood for waste substances D) capillaries in the dura mater of the ventricles; provide moisture to the surface of the brain tissue
B) choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protect the brain from blows to the skull
The hearing receptors are most closely associated with the _____ A) ampulla B) cochlear hair cells C) utricle D) saccule
B) cochlear hair cells
The corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains _____ fibers. A) association B) commissural C) projection D) all of the above
B) commissural
Which is a function of the vagus (X) nerve? A) conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue B) conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles C) conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles D) controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing
B) conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles
Which is a function of the optic (II) nerve? A) conveys nerve impulses related to smell B) conveys nerve impulses related to vision C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball, constriction of pupil D) causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle
B) conveys nerve impulses related to vision
The limbic system is found within the _____ and is considered the _____. A) diencephalon, relay station B) diencephalon, emotional center C) midbrain, relay station D) midbrain, emotional center
B) diencephalon, emotion center
An accumulation of blood (hematoma) found between the cranial dura mater and the frontal bone as a result of a head injury is termed a: A) subdural hematoma B) epidural hematoma C) subarachnoid hematoma D) pial hematoma
B) epidural hematoma
Which of the following types of cells is the first to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina? A) bipolar cell B) ganglion cell C) pigmented epithelium D) photoreceptor cell E) rods
B) ganglion cell
Which statement is false in reference to the cranial meninges? A) have the same basic structure as the spinal meninges B) have three layers of the dura mater C) are continuous with the spinal meninges D) are named the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and the pia mater
B) have three layers of dura mater
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the blood-brain barrier (BBB)? A) astrocytes play a primary role B) it consists mainly of gap junctions C) it prevents passage of possible therapeutic drugs D) it allows easy passage of lipid-soluble substances E) it prevents the flow of proteins across it
B) it consists mainly of gap junctions
In what part of the brain would you find the hippocampus? A) thalamus B) limbic system C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum
B) limbic system
Which of the following sympathetic responses is mismatched with its body part? A) iris of eye - dilation of pupil B) liver - increased glycogen synthesis C) stomach - decreased motility D) hair follicles - contraction of arrector pili muscles E) adipose tissue - increase lipolysis
B) liver - increased glycogen synthesis
The term used for an increased memory response to an event is: A) synethesia B) long-term potentiation C) memory consolidation D) plasticity E) bradykinesia
B) long-term potentiation
A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin? A) maxillary branch of cranial nerve V B) mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve C) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) D) cranial nerve VII
B) mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
In what part of the brain would you find the cardiovascular center? A) thalamus B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum
B) medulla oblongata
In what part of the brain would you find the olive? A) midbrain B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum
B) medulla oblongata
This structure is responsible for somatic (startle) reflexes in response to loud sounds. A) spinal cord B) midbrain C) pons D) thalamus E) cerebellum
B) midbrain
Which fiber tracts carry impulses for voluntary muscle activity from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum? A) superior cerebellar peduncles B) middle cerebellar peduncles C) inferior cerebellar peduncles D) cerebral peduncles
B) middle cerebral peduncles
The Golgi tendon organ is stimulated more when _____ A) muscles are metabolically active B) muscle tension increases C) muscle tension decreases D) muscle tension stays the same
B) muscle tension increases
The primary visual area is located in which lobe of the brain? A) frontal B) occipital C) parietal D) flocculonodular E) posterior
B) occipital
Which of the following glands is directly controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus? A) kidney B) pituitary C) thymus D) pancreas E) pineal
B) pituitary
Which statement best describes the location of the cerebellum? A) anterior to the cerebrum and anterior to the brain stem B) posterior to brain stem and inferior to cerebrum C) superior to cerebrum and posterior to brain stem D) superior to brain stem and posterior to cerebrum
B) posterior to brain stem and inferior to cerebrum
Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision? A) Broca's area B) primary visual area C) common integrative area D) primary olfactory area E) primary somatosensory area
B) primary visual area
Which of the following pairs of terms is incorrectly matched? A) exteroceptors; at or near the surface of the body B) proprioceptors; in walls of blood vessels C) cutaneous receptors; in skin and mucous membranes D) interoceptors; in internal organs (viscera)
B) proprioceptors; in walls of blood vessels
Cerebrospinal fluid A) is an amber colored liquid B) protects the brain C) maintains the permeability of the endothelial cells D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
B) protects the brain
The postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex A) are considered the primary gustatory area B) receives body sensory information C) controls voluntary body movements D) receives visual information E) provides the ability to move the eyeballs
B) receives body sensory information
Which of the following is not true about cones? A) have iodopsin B) recognize the general outline C) are responsible for color vision D) have poor vision in dim light E) are responsible for sharp vision F) are found in the fovea centralis
B) recognize the general outline
Which network of neurons is responsible for arousal and maintenance of consciousness? A) limbic system B) reticular activating system C) tectospinal circuit D) B and C are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
B) reticular activating system
Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye? A) ciliary body B) retina C) choroid coat D) sclera
B) retina
As the extend from the _____ to the brain, _____ nerve fibers of each retina crossover. A) retina, all B) retina, the medial C) retina, the lateral D) cornea, all E) cornea, the medial F) cornea, the lateral
B) retina, the medial
This conducts impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus. A) first order neuron B) second order neuron C) third order neuron D) both A and B E) none of the above
B) second order neuron
If a person has damage to the visual association area, they will A) not be able to see B) see, but be unable to understand what they are viewing C) not be able to remember visual experiences from the past, like the color of their first car D) B and C are correct E) A and C are correct
B) see, but be unable to understand what they are viewing
The output of the ANS does not control A) exocrine glands B) skeletal muscle C) cardiac muscle D) smooth muscle E) endocrine glands
B) skeletal muscle
Lower motor cell bodies have their cell bodies in the _____ and their axons in the _____. A) ganglia, brain B) spine, brain C) brain, head D) brain, spine E) spine, ganglia
B) spine, brain
Which of the following is not true when comparing the direct and indirect motor pathways? A) the direct motor pathways are also called the pyramidal pathways B) the indirect motor pathways consist of three major tracts C) the lateral corticospinal tracts are a component of the direct motor pathways D) 90% of the axons decussate in the medulla oblongata in the direct motor pathways E) the rubrospinal tracts are a part of the indirect motor pathways
B) the indirect motor pathways consist of three major tracts
Which is not a special sense that uses hair cells to detect the sensation? A) olfaction B) vision C) gustation D) hearing E) equilibrium
B) vision
Pyramids are A) gray matter extensions of the medulla B) white matter extensions of the medulla C) gray matter extensions of the brain stem D) white matter extensions of the brain stem E) superior to the medial lemniscus
B) white matter extensions of the medulla
T/F The parasympathetic division will send signals to the heart of a person in a convenience store that is being burglarized at gunpoint.
False
_____ this area of the frontal lobe of the brain coordinates motor speech. Injury allows understanding of spoken words but the individual is unable to speak.
Broca's area
Choroid plexuses are specialized capillaries in the CNS that: 1) are covered by ependymal cells, 2) are located in the walls of the ventricles, 3) are located in the dural venous sinuses, 4) are the sites for reabsorption of CSF, and 5) are derived from the arachnoid layer of the meninges A) 3, 4, 5 B) 1, 2, 4, 5 C) 1, 2 D) 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 2
The cranial nerves containing neurons of the gustatory pathway are: 1) facial (VII), 2) vagus (X), 3) glossopharyngeal (IX), 4) trigeminal (V), and 5) abducens (VI) A) 1, 3, 5 B) 2, 3, 4 C) 1, 2, 3 D) 1, 4, 5 E) 1, 2, 3, 5
C) 1, 2, 3
Which of the following is true when comparing types of pain sensations? A) C fibers, myelinated, slow pain B) A fibers, unmyelinated, acute pain C) C fibers, unmyelinated, chronic pain D) A fibers, myelinated, slow pain
C) C fibers, unmyelinated, chronic pain
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about a feature of the medulla oblongata? A) The inferior cerebellar peduncles are fiber tracts that connect the olives of the medulla to the cerebellum. B) The vestibular nuclear complex is found mostly in the medulla. C) Pyramids contain the main sensory tracts that pass through the brain stem from the spinal cord; they are visible on the dorsal surface of the medulla. D) Vital reflex centers for control of heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure are located in the medulla.
C) Pyramids contain the main sensory tracts that pass through the brain stem from the spinal cord; they are visible on the dorsal surface of the medulla
Cones A) outnumber rods B) function only at low light levels C) allow color vision D) are concentrated at the periphery of the retina E) are most critical for night vision
C) allow for color vision
The white matter of the cerebellum is known as the A) tentorium cerebelli B) flocculomotor lobe C) arbor vitae D) cerebellar peduncle
C) arbor vitae
Which of the following is not controlled by the hypothalamus? A) hunger B) thirst C) blood calcium D) emotional behavior E) body temperature
C) blood calcium
The infundibulum is the anatomical link between the brain and the pituitary gland, and therefore it is the primary link between the nervous and endocrine systems. Structures contained in the infundibulum consists of which of the following? A) a tract that transports hormones from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei to the posterior pituitary B) small blood vessels that transport regulating hormones from the median eminence if the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary C) both A and B are correct D) Neither A or B is correct
C) both A and B are correct
Which is a function of the oculomotor (III) nerve? A) conveys nerve impulses related to smell B) conveys nerve impulses related to vision C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball, constriction of pupil D) causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle
C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball, constriction of pupil
In what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae? A) thalamus B) limbic system C) cerebellum D) pons
C) cerebellum
The vestibule lies between the _____ and the semicircular canals. A) basilar membrane B) tympanic membrane C) cochlea D) organ of corti E) none of the above
C) cochlea
Which of the below receptors is primarily used during high light situations? A) scotopsin B) rods C) cones D) Vitamin A E) optic nerve
C) cones
Which is a function of the facial (VII) nerve? A) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp B) turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle C) conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue D) conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium
C) conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Which is a function of the accessory (XI) nerve? A) conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue B) conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles C) conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles D) controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing
C) conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Venous blood drains into the _____ before leaving the cranium via the jugular veins? A) subdural space B) subarachnoid venous space C) dural venous sinuses D) B and C E) all of the above
C) dural venous sinuses
Small ridges on the surface of the cerebellar cortex are called: A) gyri B) sulci C) folia D) vermis
C) folia
In what part of the brain would you find the tuberal region? A) midbrain B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum
C) hypothalamus
The main function of this structure is to regulate the amount of light entering the eyeball through the pupil. A) retina B) cornea C) iris D) choroid E) tunic
C) iris
Receptors that detect blood pressure are A) exteroceptors B) proprioceptors C) mechanoreceptors D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
C) mechanoreceptors
Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors A) are sensitive to epinephrine B) have several subclasses C) mediate response to the sympathetic nervous system D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
C) mediate response to the sympathetic nervous system
Which part of the brain stem contains the cerebral peduncles? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) midbrain D) pyramids E) none of the above is correct
C) midbrain
The anatomical structure responsible for monitoring the change in length of a muscle is called: A) Golgi tendon organ B) alpha motor neuron C) muscle spindle organ D) Ruffini corpuscle E) free nerve ending
C) muscle spindle organ
Which of the following develop as specialized muscle fibers? A) Golgi tendon organs B) hair cells of the inner ear C) muscle spindles D) joint kinesthetic receptors
C) muscle spindles
Muscle spindle receptors are stimulated more when _____. A) muscles are metabolically active and produce oxygen B) muscle tension increases C) muscle tension decreases D) muscle tension stays the same
C) muscle tension decreases
This structure is responsible for secondary control of respiration. A) spinal cord B) mid brain C) pons D) thalamus E) cerebellum
C) pons
This is the space that is found between the iris and the vitreous humor. A) anterior chamber B) anterior cavity C) posterior chamber D) posterior cavity
C) posterior chamber
Sensory information that arrives in the brain from tracts in the spinal cord is relayed by the thalamus along _____ fibers to the cerebral cortex. A) association B) commissural C) promection D) none of the above
C) projection
Which of the below responses is NOT caused by the parasympathetic division? A) decreased heart rate B) airway dilation C) pupil dilation D) increased digestion E) increased urine production
C) pupil dilation
This portion of the fibrous tunic is white and opaque and continuous with the cornea. A) choroid coat B) ciliary body C) sclera D) conjunctiva
C) sclera
The awareness of differences in the external or internal environment is defined as: A) perception B) transduction C) sensation D) integration E) conduction
C) sensation
Which stimulus does not stimulate the reticular activating system (RAS)? A) an alarm clock B) pain C) smoke D) bright light E) movement of the limbs
C) smoke
Where are cold receptors found? A) strutum lucidum B) dermis C) stratum basale D) stratum corneum E) hypodermis
C) stratum basale
Infection of a sebaceous ciliary gland can result in: A) blood shot eyes B) inhibition of crying C) sty D) tumor E) blindness
C) sty
Select the best description for the lacrimal glands: A) near the external opening of the external auditory canal B) embedded in tarsal plate of eyelid C) superior and lateral to the eyeball D) in connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium E) at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes
C) superior and lateral to the eyeball
This mass contains visual reflexes responsible for moving head in response to sound. A) basal ganglia B) Broca's area C) superior colliculi D) limbic system E) inferior colliculi
C) superior colliculi
Which area is responsible for the head and eye movement in response to visual stimuli? A) substantia nigra B) inferior colliculus C) superior colliculus D) thalamus E) A and B are correct
C) superior colliculus
Which of the following statements about the cornea is true? A) the outer surface is keratinized simple squamous epithelium B) the outer surface is nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium C) the connective tissue layer of the cornea is avascular D) it contains proteins called crystallisn
C) the connective tissue layer of the cornea is avascular
T/F The pineal gland is attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum.
False
Which of the following statements about the ventricles of the brain is false? A) a membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the anterior portions of the two lateral ventricles B) the third ventricle is between the left and right halves of the thalamus C) the lateral ventricles connect to the third ventricle via the lateral apertures D) the walls of all of the ventricles contain choroid plexuses that produce cerebrospinal fluid
C) the lateral ventricles connect to the third ventricle via the lateral apertures
This is a narrow cavity along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus. A) lateral ventricle B) septum pellucidum C) third ventricle D) fourth ventricle E) fifth ventricle
C) third ventricle
Which of the following is not an event in the process of sensation? A) stimulation of sensory receptors B) transduction of the stimulus C) transmission of the synapse D) generation of impulses E) integration of sensory input
C) transmission of the synapse
Cranial nerve V is also known as the _____ nerve. A) trochlear B) oculomotor C) trigeminal D) vagus E) abducens
C) trigeminal
Olfactory receptors A) are second-order, multipolar neurons B) are also called basal cells C) use olfactory hairs to transduce chemical signals from odorants D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
C) use olfactory hairs to transduce chemical signals from odorants
Which of the following nerves serves in a gustatory function? A) vestbulocochlear B) oculomotor C) vagus D) trigeminal E) spinal accessory
C) vagus
T/F The primary information carried by the spinocerebellar tracts is pain and temperature.
False
_____ circulates through the ventricles of the brain.
Cerebrospinal fluid
_____ receptors are both nicotinic and muscarinic.
Cholinergic
_____ receptors are found throughout the body that bind acetylcholine.
Cholinergic
_____ are receptor cells that are less sensitive to light but provide color vision.
Cones
_____ is when several rods come together and send their impulses along the same nerve fiber.
Convergence
_____ nerves originate from the underside of the brain.
Cranial
Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve(s)? 1) trochlear IV, 2) optic II, 3) oculomotor III, 4) trigeminal V, and 5) abducens VI A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 2, 3, 4, 5 C) 1, 2, 4 D) 1, 3, 5
D) 1, 3, 5
Acetylcholine binds to A) nicotinic receptors B) muscarinic receptors C) alpha receptors D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
D) A and B are correct
The brain must have an almost continuous supply of _____. A) oxygen B) glucose C) fatty acids D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
D) A and B are correct
The basal ganglia A) consist of the substantia nigra and putamen B) helps to start and stop movement C) does not function properly in Parkinson disease D) B and C are correct E) all are correct
D) B and C are correct
Evaluation of which brain waves might indicate a brain injury in an awake adult? A) alpha waves B) beta waves C) theta waves D) delta waves E) alpha and beta waves
D) delta waves
The lacrimal gland _____ A) is responsible for tear secretion B) makes lysozymes C) is found laterally above the eye D) all of the above
D) all of the above
This protects the brain by preventing passage of harmful substances and pathogens. A) dura mater B) arachnoid mater C) cerebrospinal fluid D) blood brain barrier E) all of the above
D) blood brain barrier
Which part of the brain is associated with ten of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) midbrain D) brain stem E) none of the above is correct
D) brain stem
Which is a function of the abducens (VI) nerve? A) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp B) turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball, constriction of pupil D) causes movement of eyeball
D) causes movement of eyeball
What is a function of the trochlear (IV) nerve? A) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp B) conveys nerve impulses related to vision C) causes movement of eyelid and eyeball, constriction of pupil D) causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle
D) causes movement of eyeball via superior oblique muscle
Sensory nerve impulses may be integrate at all of the following levels of the CNS. Perception, however, occurs when sensory impulses reach which region? A) spinal cord B) brain stem C) thalamus D) cerebral cortex
D) cerebral cortex
In what part of the brain would you find the corpus striatum? A) midbrain B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum
D) cerebrum
In what part of the brain would you find the insula? A) thalamus B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum
D) cerebrum
Which is a function of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve? A) conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue B) conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles C) conveys motor impulses to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles D) controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing
D) controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing
Which is a function of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve? A) conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp B) turns eyeball laterally via lateral rectus muscle C) conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue D) conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium
D) conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium
This portion of the fibrous tunic is clear and transparent and continuous with the sclera. A) choroid coat B) ciliary body C) sclera D) cornea E) conjunctiva
D) cornea
Which nerves move the eyeball? A) cranial nerves II, III, and IV B) cranial nerves I, V, and X C) cranial nerves III, IX, and V D) cranial nerves III, IV, and VI E) cranial nerves X, XII, and XII
D) cranial nerves III, IV, and VI
Which structure within the ampulla contains hair cells that are involved in dynamic equilibrium? A) organ of Corti B) macula C) otolithic membrane D) crista ampullaris E) vestibular apparatus
D) crista ampullaris
This consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. A) cerebellum B) brain stem C) cerebrum D) diencephalon E) dura mater
D) diencephalon
Which of the following is not a feature of the cranial meninges? A) falx cerebelli B) falx cerebri C) tentorium cerebelli D) epidural space
D) epidural space
The disorder called glaucoma is usually caused by _____ A) clouding of the lens B) clouding of the lens capsule C) excessive accumulation of vitreous humor D) excessive accumulation of aqueous humor
D) excessive accumulation of aqueous humor
Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression? A) oculomotor B) trigeminal C) spinal accessory D) facial E) vagus
D) facial
In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary motor area? A) occipital lobe B) temporal lobe C) parietal lobe D) frontal lobe
D) frontal lobe
Which of the following responses is a result of sympathetic stimulation? A) decreased heart rate B) pupillary constriction C) increased digestive secretions D) increased rate and depth of breathing
D) increased rate and depth of breathing
Which of the following is not a function of the cerebellum? A) monitors actual movement B) provides movement corrections C) monitors intentions for movement D) initiates movement E) receives input from the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear
D) initiates movement
Which of the following is not part of the hypothalamus? A) preoptic region B) tuberal region C) supraoptic region D) intermediate mass
D) intermediate mass
The lacrimal gland _____ A) is responsible for tear secretion B) makes lysozymes C) is found medially above the eye D) is responsible for tear secretion and makes lysozymes E) is responsible for tear secretion and is found medially above the eye F) all of the above
D) is responsible for tear secretion and makes lysozymes
Which statement about the cerebellum is true? A) tracts of gray matter within it are called arbor vitae B) the cerebellar peduncles attach it to the cerebrum C) the cerebellar lobes are also called tentorium cerebelli D) its prime function is to 'fine tune' motor function E) the sagittal fissure separates it from the cerebrum
D) its prime function is to 'fine tune' motor function
These are found in the articular capsules of synovial joints. A) Golgi tendon organs B) gamma motor neurons C) muscle spindles D) kinesthetic receptors E) tactile receptors
D) kinesthetic receptors
Taste receptors are _____ A) found only on the tongue B) unable to reproduce C) modified connective tissue cells D) modified epithelial cells
D) modified epithelial cells
Which of the following are classified as cholinergic receptors? A) nicotinic and adrenergic receptors B) muscarinic and somatic receptors C) adrenergic and somatic receptors D) nicotinic and muscarinic receptors E) somatic and nicotinic
D) nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
This type of sensory receptor responds to stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue. A) encapsulated nerve endings B) free nerve endings C) separate cells D) nocicpetors E) chemoreceptors
D) nocicpetors
The cerebellar peduncles conduct information into and out of the cerebellum. The correct statement is: A) the superior cerebellar peduncles conduct only sensory information. B) the inferior cerebellar peduncles contain only motor fibers. C) the middle cerebellar peduncles contain only afferent (sensory) fibers. D) none of the above.
D) none of the above
Which of the following cranial nerves is not responsible for eyeball movement? A) abducens B) oculomotor C) trochlear D) optic
D) optic
In what part of the brain would you find the pneumotaxic and apneustic areas? A) thalamus B) limbic system C) cerebellum D) pons
D) pons
Which of the following somatic sensations has an encapsulated nerve ending as its sensory receptor? A) tickle B) pain C) heat or cold D) pressure E) itch
D) pressure
Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements the body. A) Broca's area B) primary visual area C) somatosensory association area D) primary frontal area E) primary somatosensory area
D) primary frontal area
Which of the following is a sensation that is not carried by the spinothalamic pathways? A) pain B) itch C) tickle D) proprioception
D) proprioception
Which is a true statement regarding the effects of aging on the brain? A) brain mass and conduction velocity stay the same B) conduction velocity increases and brain mass decreases C) the number of synapses remains constant and conduction velocity remains constant D) reflex times increase and brain mass declines E) the number of synapses decreases and reflex time decreases
D) reflex time increase and brain mass declines
This is a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to help maintain consciousness. A) pons B) medulla oblongata C) midbrain D) reticular formation E) decussation of pyramids
D) reticular formation
If you are looking for your glasses and you find them on top of your head, you have experienced a _____ A) change in the pressure receptor concentration B) change in the pressure receptor location C) damage to your sensory receptors D) sensory adaptation
D) sensory adaptation
If you enter a room and smell a strong odor but the odor soon seems to fade away, you have experienced a _____. A) change in the concentration of the substance B) change in the room temperature C) damage to your sensory receptors D) sensory adaptation
D) sensory adaptation
Sleep walking occurs in which stage of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep? A) stage 1 B) stage 2 C) stage 3 D) stage 4
D) stage 4
The tectum of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations: A) called substantia nigra B) that control subconscious muscle activities C) that transmit all sensory and motor information between the upper and lower brain regions D) that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli
D) that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli
Which of the following would not be considered to be a sensory modality? A) pain B) vision C) equilibrium D) thought E) vibration
D) thought
When an individual has a ringing sensation in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli is called: A) presbyopia B) cataracts C) presbycusis D) tinnitus E) glaucoma
D) tinnitus
The main function of muscle spindles are A) to determine tension of the tendon B) to pick up referred pain C) to perceive cutaneous sensations D) to measure muscle length E) to pick up muscle fatigue
D) to measure muscle length
_____ equilibrium is controlled by an equilibrium organ called the crista ampullaris and detects sudden movement and aids in maintaining balance.
Dynamic
Which of the following is not a feature of the external ear? A) eustachian (auditory) tube B) auricle C) oval window D) tympanic membrane E) A and D F) A and C
F) A and C
Which of the cells listed below is/are components of the choroid coat of the retina? 1) amacrine cells, 2) bipolar cells, 3) cones, 4) epithelial cells, and 5) rods A) 1, 2 B) 1, 2, 4 C) 2, 3, 5 D) 3, 5 E) 4
E) 4
Release of acetylcholine will A) stimulate the heart B) dilate bronchioles C) increase digestion D) A and B E) A, B, and C
E) A, B, and C
A network of neurons that extends from the upper part of the spinal cord, throughout the brain stem, and into the lower part of the diencephalon A) is the reticular formation B) plays a role in regulating muscle tone C) helps to maintain consciousness D) B and C are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct
During REM sleep A) most dreaming occurs B) most somatic motor neurons and inactive C) the RAS is inhibited by adenosine D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct
Functions of the cerebellum include A) smooth and coordinate skilled muscle activity B) detect problems in carrying out voluntary muscle activity and correct them C) regulation of balance and posture D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct
If a person can see and hear, but does not have a startle reflex, a clinician would suspect damage to the A) superior colliculus B) inferior colliculus C) tectum D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct
The blood-brain barrier is A) created by junctions of endothelial cells B) maintained by astrocytes C) essential for protecting the brain D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct
The thalamus A) relays sensory information to correct regions of the cerebral hemispheres B) relays motor information from the cerebellum and basal ganglia to the cerebrum C) plays a role in consciousness D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct
Which of the following are thought to be diseases of the basal ganglia? A) Parkinson disease B) Huntington disease C) schizophrenia D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct
Sensory receptors can be classified by A) type of stimulus detected B) location C) structure D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are corrected
_____ is an illness involving memory loss, depression, disorientation, dementia, hallucinations, and death. A) Parkinson's disease B) epilepsy C) schizophrenia D) myasthenia gravis E) Alzheimer's disease F) Huntington disease
E) Alzheimer's disease
T/F Long-term memory is stored in a particular region of the hippocampus.
False
The hypothalamus A) produces hormones B) plays a major role in regulating homeostasis, visceral activity and temperature C) regulates certain emotions like rage, sexual arousal, aggression, pain and pleasure D) regulates eating and drinking behavior E) all are corret
E) all are correct
Receptors for taste are found A) on the tongue B) the roof of the mouth C) the cheeks D) the pharynx E) all of the above
E) all of the above
Which of the following is a way that cerebral spinal fluid contributes to homeostasis? A) mechanical protection B) chemical protection C) circulation D) both A and B E) all of the above
E) all of the above
Which of the following is (are) adrenergic receptor(s)? A) alpha 1 B) alpha 2 C) nicotinic D) muscarinic E) both alpha 1 and alpha 2 F) both nicotinic and muscarinic
E) both alpha 1 and alpha 2
Which of the following is (are) not a cholinergic receptor(s)? A) alpha 1 B) alpha 2 C) nicotinic D) muscarinic E) both alpha 1 and alpha 2 F) both nicotinic and muscarinic
E) both alpha 1 and alpha 2
Which of the following are example(s) of chemoreceptors? A) rods and cones B) olfactory receptors C) gustatory receptors D) rods, cones, and gustatory receptors E) both olfactory and gustatory receptors F) all of the above
E) both olfactory and gustatory receptors
The vital centers regulating heart rate, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and respiratory rate are located in the _____ A) occipital lobe B) frontal lobe C) diencephalon D) temporal lobe E) brain stem F) parietal lobe
E) brain stem
Which of the following lines the eyelid and covers the sclera protecting the anterior surface of the eyeball? A) palpebral fissure B) levator palpebrae C) lacrimal caruncle D) lateral commissure E) conjunctiva
E) conjunctiva
This is the transparent coat that covers the iris. A) retina B) choroid C) tunic D) ciliary body E) cornea
E) cornea
Which of the following is not true about rods? A) have rhodopsin B) recognize the general outline C) black and white vision D) good vision in dim light E) found in the fovea centralis F) none of the above (all are correct)
E) found in the fovea centralis
These cells provide for the sense of taste. A) olfactory hair cells B) tastant cells C) basal stem cells D) general receptor cells E) gustatory cells
E) gustatory cells
Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for the movement of your tongue while chewing, swallowing, and speech? A) accessory B) trigeminal C) abducens D) trochlear E) hypoglossal F) glossopharyngeal
E) hypoglossal
This contains axons of sensory neurons that extend from the medulla oblongata to the thalamus. A) tectum B) colliculi C) substantia nigra D) pontine nuclei E) none of the above
E) none of the above
Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temperature? A) Broca's area B) primary visual area C) common integrative area D) prefrontal cortex area E) primary somatosensory area
E) primary somatosensory area
Identify the incorrect statement. A) proprioceptive sensations allow us to estimate the weight of certain objects B) proprioceptive sensations are from slowly adapting receptors C) proprioceptive sensations have receptors embedded in muscles and tendons D) proprioceptive sensations allow us to determine position of body structures E) proprioceptive sensations promote activity of the gustatory region of the brain.
E) proprioceptive sensations promote activity of the gustatory region of the brain
Which is not considered an accessory structure of the eye? A) eyelids B) eyelashes C) lacrimal apparatus D) eyebrows E) retina
E) retina
This fluid filled space is located in the midline of the brain beneath the corpus callosum. A) central canal B) cerebral aqueduct C) lateral ventricle D) fourth ventricle E) third ventricle
E) third ventricle
Which cranial nerve is responsible for regulating visceral activity? A) oculomotor B) trigeminal C) spinal accessory D) facial E) vagus
E) vagus
Which of the below structures carries action potentials caused by sound transduction? A) cochlea B) pinna C) tympanic membrane D) Organ of Corti E) vestibulocochlear nerve
E) vestibulocochlear nerve
Which of the below structures converts vibrations to action potentials? A) cochlea B) pinna C) tympanic membrane D) Organ of Corti E) vestibulocochlear nerve
E) vestibulocochlear nerve
Which of the following is part of the forebrain? A) limbic system B) superior colliculi C) thalamus D) hypothalamus E) visual cortex F) pineal
E) visual cortex
Which of the following is (are) not adrenergic receptor(s)? A) alpha 1 B) alpha 2 C) nicotinic D) muscarinic E) both alpha 1 and alpha 2 F) both nicotinic and muscarinic
F) both nicotinic and muscarinic
This cranial nerve is a mixed nerve that has sensory input from the face, eyes, and mouth. This nerve also has motor control over mastication (chewing), viscera, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. A) vagus B) accessory C) hypoglossa D) glossopharyngeal E) facial F) trigeminal G) trochlear
F) trigeminal
T/F A nerve is a single cell in the nervous system that transmits an impulse.
False
T/F A person is only truly in a coma when all reflex activity ceases.
False
T/F Adaptation of sensory receptors involves decreasing the receptor potential as a stimulus decreases in intensity.
False
T/F Capillaries are unnecessary in nervous tissue of the CNS due to the existence of cerebrospinal fluid, which fulfills the functions of blood.
False
T/F Cholinergic neurons are named after the neurotransmitters that they release, the catecholamines.
False
T/F Cranial nerve V is the facial nerve.
False
T/F Cranial nerve VI is the facial nerve.
False
T/F Cranial nerves, like spinal nerves, are all mixed nerves.
False
T/F During periods of rest and recover, the sympathetic activity to glands and smooth muscles predominates over parasympathetic activity.
False
T/F In bright light, impulses from sympathetic neurons cause a constriction of the pupil due to contraction of the radial muscle fibers of the iris.
False
T/F In the retina, cones are more numerous than rods.
False
T/F The primary neurological function of all three pairs of cerebellar peduncles is to relay information between the cerebellum and the skeletal muscles.
False
T/F The same number of cranial nerves are involved in transmitting sensations in both olfaction and gustation.
False
T/F The septum pellucidum is the lining of the third ventricle.
False
T/F The stapes transmits vibrations to the round window of the inner ear.
False
T/F The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated with the sense of dynamic equilibrium.
False
T/F Transduction of a somatic sensory stimulus involves generation of an action potential.
False
T/F Visceral pain occurs when nociceptors in internal organs, skeletal muscles, tendons, or joints are stimulated.
False
T/F When the ciliary muscles contract the lens thickens causing a far away focus.
False
T/F When the ciliary muscles relax the lens thickens causing a close focus.
False
T/F When the ciliary muscles relax the lens thickens causing a far off focus.
False
T/F The primary difference between a sensory and a mixed cranial nerve is that a mixed cranial nerve has its origins within the CNS and the spinal cord.
Fasle
_____ is the cranial nerve that has sensory input for taste and motor output for swallowing and gagging.
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
_____ are proprioceptors located at the junction of a tendon and a muscle.
Golgi tendon organ
_____ are proprioceptors which have a thin capsule of connective tissue enclosing a few bundles of collagen fibers.
Golgi tendon organ
_____ is an inherited illness associated with personality changes, loss of coordination, rapid jerky movements that are involuntary and without purpose, and finally death.
Huntington disease
_____ is the motor cranial nerve that controls the tongue during chewing, swallowing, and speech.
Hypoglossal nerve XII
_____ is an endocrine gland in the brain that secretes releasing hormones that affect the anterior pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
_____ and Golgi tendon organs are proprioceptors which contain dendrites of slowly adapting sensory neurons.
Muscle spindle
_____ are proprioceptors which are innervated by gamma motor neurons.
Muscle spindles
_____ is the cranial nerve, a motor nerve, associated with the movement of the eyeball, iris, and lens.
Oculomotor (III)
_____ is the receptor organ associated with the cochlear hair cells of the inner ear.
Organ of corti
_____ is an illness associated with a decrease in dopamine. The symptoms include tremors of the hands, slowed movements, and muscle rigidity.
Parkinson's disease
_____ is an endocrine gland in the brain that controls the majority of endocrine organs.
Pituitary gland
_____ is pain that feels like it is coming from a part other than the part being stimulated.
Referred pain
_____ are receptor cells that are more sensitive to light for good night vision.
Rods
_____ is an illness involving excess dopamine activity in the brain causing delusions, distortions of reality, paranoia, and hallucinations.
Schizophrenia
_____ equilibrium is controlled by receptors in the saccule and utricle respond to gravity and report changes in head position maintaining stability and balance when the body is still.
Static
T/F A generator potential produces action potentials and a receptor potential causes release of neurotransmitters.
True
T/F A nerve is a group of fibers in the nervous system that transmits impulses.
True
T/F Circumventricular organs of the hypothalamus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland lack a blood-brain barrier and are thought to be the sites of entry of HIV into the brain.
True
T/F Control centers for coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and swallowing are located in the medulla oblongata.
True
T/F Different somatic sensations are detected by different types of receptors.
True
T/F Dynamic equilibrium is the equilibrium that detects sudden movement and aids in maintaining balance.
True
T/F Glaucoma, the most common cause of blindness in the United States, results from abnormal build-up of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber of the eye.
True
T/F Hypothalamic axons extend to the pituitary gland and secrete hormones. Therefore, it is considered to be a part of both the nervous and endocrine system.
True
T/F Loss of olfactory receptors is a permanent injury.
True
T/F Nerve impulses from taste receptors an travel in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerve.
True
T/F Nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors both interact with acetycholine.
True
T/F Olfactory receptors are chemoreceptors.
True
T/F Oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and most anesthetics readily pass through the blood-brain barrier.
True
T/F Pain sensation is detected by slowly adapting receptors.
True
T/F Pigmented nuclei in the midbrain called substantia nigra control subconscious muscle activities.
True
T/F Proprioception is the sense that provides an awareness of body positions and movements of parts of the body.
True
T/F Sensation differs from perception in that perception involves activity of the cerebral cortex.
True
T/F Serotonin stimulates other neurons to release enkephalins.
True
T/F Some physiological responses require activation of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
True
T/F Stimulation of nociceptors in the skin gives rise to superficial somatic pain.
True
T/F Sympathetic activity will increase blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles.
True
T/F Taste buds consists of supporting cells, gustatory receptor cells, and basal cells.
True
T/F Taste receptors are found throughout the mouth, but are concentrated on the tongue.
True
T/F Tears contain an enzyme that functions to reduce the chances of developing an eye infection.
True
T/F Temperature receptors adapt rapidly.
True
T/F The autonomic nervous system operates by reflex arcs.
True
T/F The caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus are examples of basal ganglia in the cerebrum.
True
T/F The dorsal root ganglion contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons.
True
T/F The fingertips, hands, and lips are supplied with both rapidly adapting and slowly adapting touch receptors.
True
T/F The general senses are detected by receptors on the dendritic nerve endings of first-order-sensory neurons.
True
T/F The reticular activating system (RAS) is a part of the reticular formation. The primary function of the descending fibers of the RAS is to maintain muscle tone.
True
T/F The space within the eye between the lens and the cornea is the anterior cavity.
True
T/F The stapes transmits vibrations to the oval window of the middle ear.
True
T/F The sympathetic division is associated with excitement or embarrassment.
True
T/F The transverse fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
True
T/F The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated with the sense of static equilibrium.
True
T/F Visceral senses and somatic senses are grouped together in the class called general senses.
True
T/F When the ciliary muscles contract the lens thickens causing close focus.
True
_____ are the interconnected, fluid-filled cavities within the brain.
Ventricles
_____ is the cranial nerve that is a sensory nerve for equilibrium and hearing.
Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII
The cranial nerve that originates from both the brain and the spinal cord is the _____.
accessory nerve (XI)
The decrease in level of sensitivity of a receptor to a long-lasting stimulus is called _____.
adaptation
Autonomic receptors that bind the neurotransmitter norepinephrine are called _____ receptors.
adrenergic
The space between the cornea and iris filled with vitreous humor is called the _____.
anterior chamber
Ciliary body produces the fluid of the eye known as _____.
aqueous humor
White matter arranged in a treelike pattern in the cerebellum is called _____.
arbor vitae
The first-order neurons of the olfactory pathway are _____ neurons called olfactory receptor cells.
bipolar
The _____ is a passageway through the midbrain. It connects the third and fourth ventricles.
cerebral aqueduct
There are two destinations in the brain for proprioceptive information: the _____ and the _____.
cerebrum, cerebellum
In bright light, the _____ muscles of the iris contract, causing a decrease in the size of the pupil.
circular
The photoreceptors that have color vision and detect sharp images are _____.
cones
The types of cells that make a taste bud are _____ cells.
epithelial
The olfactory (I) nerves consist of approximately 40 bundles of axons of olfactory neurons that extend through foramina in the cribriform plate of the _____ bone.
ethmoid
The _____ connects the inner ear to the pharynx.
eustachian tube
The _____ connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx.
eustachian tube
Place in order from the outermost layer to the innermost layer the individual layers of the wall of the eyeball: vascular tunic, fibrous tunic, sensory tunic
fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, sensory tunic
The _____ is the region of sharpest vision within the retina.
fovea centralis
The yellow spot at the center of the posterior portion of the retina, called the macula lutea, contains a depression called the _____ which contains only cone photoreceptors.
fovea centralis
The _____ colliculi of the midbrain contain reflex centers for sudden movements of the head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli; the _____ colliculi contain reflex centers for movements of the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual stimuli.
inferior, superior
The colored portion of the eye that has a diaphragm composed of mostly connective tissue and smooth muscle is called the _____.
iris
The _____ secretes tears and has a series of ducts that carries tears into the nasal cavity.
lacrimal gland
The _____ system of the brain seems to cause pleasant or unpleasant feelings about experiences (emotional center).
limbic
The area of the brain called the _____ consists of connected masses of gray matter and is involved in short-term memory formation and emotions.
limbic systtem
Lacrimal (tears) contain water, mucus, salts, and a protective antibacterial enzymes called _____.
lysozymes
The yellow spot at the center of the posterior portion of the retina, called the _____, contains a depression called the fovea centralis which contains only cone photoreceptors.
macula lutea
Two nuclei in the posterior hypothalamus that serve as relay stations for reflexes related to the sense of smell are the _____.
mammillary bodies
The _____ is the part of the brain stem that includes the cardiac and vasomotor centers.
medulla oblongata
The cardiovascular center and the medullary rhythmicity area of the respiratory center are located in the brain stem region called the _____.
medulla oblongata
All cranial nerves, except for _____ and the optic (II), originate from the brain stem.
olfactory (I)
The olfactory (I) nerves terminate in masses of gray matter called _____.
olfactory bulb
Olfactory epithelium consists of _____, supporting cells, and basal cells.
olfactory receptors
The _____ is where the nerve fibers and blood vessels leave the eye and become the optic nerve. It lacks receptor cells and is sometimes referred to as the blind spot.
optic disk
Cochlea hair cells are found in the _____ in the inner ear.
organ of corti
Receptors for pressure and vibration that consist of an oval mutil-layered capsule surrounding a dendrite, and that are located in the skin as well as subcutaneous and submucosal tissue, are called _____.
pacinian corpuscle
The tiny elevations on the surface of the tongue are called _____.
papillae
The _____ division of the ANS is mostly responsible for regulating restorative, energy-conserving body activities.
parasympathetic
The _____ division of the autonomic nervous system functions mainly to allow for regenerative rest periods under less stressful situations.
parasympathetic
The output component of the ANS has two divisions: _____ and _____.
parasympathetic, sympathetic
Melatonin is the hormone that is released by the _____ which is an endocrine gland found in the brain that affects circadian rhythms in animals.
pineal gland
In dim light, the _____ muscles of the iris dilates, causing an increase in the size of the pupil.
radial
Small masses of gray matter that are scattered throughout the brain stem and the inferior part of the diencephalon and whose function is to influence muscle tone and to cause arousal from sleep are collectively referred to as the _____.
reticular formation
The _____ contains the photoreceptors in the eye and is a nearly transparent sheet of tissue continuous with the optic nerve.
retina
The _____ is a nearly transparent sheet of tissue containing the photoreceptors in the back of the eye.
retina
The photoreceptors that have black and white vision and only detect only general outlines are _____.
rods
The stimulation of nociceptors in skeletal muscles and joints gives rise to deep _____ pain.
somatic
The _____ division of the autonomic nervous system functions at times of stress. It is the "fight or flight" response.
sympathetic
The cranial nerve known as the _____ contains motor fibers and sensory fibers that connect to most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
vagus X
There are two types of thermoreceptors: _____ receptors in the dermis of the skin, and _____ receptors located in the stratum basale of the epidermis.
warm, cold