A&P- lower limb (test 10/30) merrils and integrated

the knee joint is formed by the articulation of the: 1- femur 2-tibia 3-fibula

1-femur 2- tibia

in the normal adult, the angle formed by the neck and shaft of the femur is about _____ degrees

120

the total number of phalanges in the normal adult foot

14

how many and what kind of bones comprise the foot and ankle?

14 phalanges 5 metatarsals 7 tarsals

the obturator foramen of the pelvis is formed by the junction of the following bones: 1- illium 2-ischium 3-pubis

2-ischium 3-pubis

the navicular or scaphoid bone of the foot is located: 1- inferior to the cuboid 2- posterior to the cuneiform 3- anterior to the talus

2-posterior to the cuneiform 3-anterior to the talus

how many bones are found in one lower limb?

30

which metatarsal has a tuberosity that is prominent at its base?

5th metatarsal

how many interphalangeal articulations does one foot have?

9

which of the following abbreviations are also used to refer to joints in the hand? a. DIP b. TMT c. MTP d. IP

a. DIP d. IP

identify by individual name or group the bone found in each section of the foot: a. forefoot b. midfoot c. hindfoot

a. forefoot: metatarsals and phalanges b. midfoot: cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular c. hindfoot: talus and calcaneus

with reference to the brim of the pelvis, identify the location of the greater (false) pelvis and the lesser (true) pelvis as either above or below-- greater pelvis is: lesser pelvis is:

above below

what structure of the hip bone is formed by the fusion of 3 bones

acetabelum

the head of the femur articulates with a cup-shaped socket on the lateral surface of the pelvis called the:

acetabulum

with which structure does the head of the femur articulate?

acetabulum

rheumatoid arthritis variant involving the sacroiliac (SI) joints and spine

ankylosing spondylitis

on which border of the tibia is the crest located?

anterior

in a typical adult, in which direction (anterior or posterior) does the femoral neck project away from the long axis of the femur

anteriorly

conical projection at the head of the fibula

apex

what structure is located on the proximal end of the fibula?

apex

which structure is located on the head of the fibula?

apex

which term refers to the inferior tip of the patella?

apex

where exactly is the intercondylar fossa located?

at the distal end of the posterior femur between the condyles

the cuneiform bones articulate anteriorly with the:

base of the metatarsals

where in the foot are the cuneiforms located?

between the navicular and the metatarsals

fluid-filled cyst with a wall of fibrous tissue

bone cyst

which is the largest of the tarsal bones?

calaneus

the cuboid bone of the foot articulates posteriorly w/ the

calcaneus

the largest bone in the normal adult foot is called the:

calcaneus

which tarsal bone comprises the heel of the foot?

calcaneus

which tarsal bone is the largest of the tarsal bones?

calcaneus

malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells

chondrosarcoma

two prominent processes on the proximal end of the tibia

condyles

which femoral structures articulate with the tibia?

condyles

malformation of the acetabulum causing displacement of the femoral head

congenital hip dysplasia

abnormal twisting of the foot, usually inward and downward

congential

known as the anterior border of the tibia

crest

which term refers to the sharp ridge on the anterior border of the tibia?

crest

which tarsal bone is lateral from the cuneiforms?

cuboid

which tarsal bone is located between the calcaneus and the 4th and 5th metatarsals

cuboid

which tarsal bone is located on the lateral side of the foot between the calcaneus and the 4th and 5th metatarsals?

cuboid

which bones articulate distally with the tarsal navicular?

cuneiforms

name the tarsal bones that articulate with metatarsals

cuneiforms and cuboid

which bones articulate with the metatarsals?

cuneiforms and cuboid

proximal or distal: femoral condyles

distal

proximal or distal: femoral epicondyles

distal

proximal or distal: intercondylar fossa

distal

proximal or distal: lateral malleolus

distal

proximal or distal: medial malleolus

distal

proximal or distal: trochlear groove

distal

where is the intercondylar fossa located?

distal femur

where is the lateral malleolus located in the leg?

distal fibula

what does DIP stand for?

distal interphalangeal

where is the medial malleolus located in the leg?

distal tibia

which gender has a broader and shallower pelvis

female

which gender has a pelvis with a larger and more rounded outlet?

female

the large, smooth articulating surfaces located on the distal femur are termed the:

femoral condyles

the smooth, upper surfaces of the proximal tibia (plateau) serves as the articulating surface for the:

femoral condyles

name the 2 areas of the proximal femur that are common sites for fractures in elderly patients

femoral neck and intertrocanteric crest

list the articulations of the tibia

femorotibial, proximal tibiofibular, distal tibiofibular, tibiotalar

name the largest bone of the lower limb

femur

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: intercondylar fossa

femur

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: trochanters

femur

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: trochlear groove

femur

the largest and strongest bone of the appendicular skeleton system is the:

femur

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: head

femur & fibula

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: condyles

femur & tibia

lateral bone of the leg

fibula

name the lateral bone of the leg

fibula

name the smaller of the bones of the leg

fibula

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: apex

fibula

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: lateral malleolus

fibula

the ankle joint is formed by all or part of the: 1- fibula 2- tibia 3-talus bone

fibula tibia talus bone

the protuberance that is felt on the lateral surface of the lower leg distal to the knee joint is the:

fibular head

match the articulation with the corresponding type of movement: ankle

flexion & extension

match the articulation with the corresponding type of movement: interphlangeal

flexion & extension

match the articulation with the corresponding type of movement: knee

flexion & extension

what types of movement do the interphalangeal joints permit?

flexion and extension

match the articulation with the corresponding type of movement: metatarsophalangeal

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

match the articulation with the corresponding type of movement: tarsometatarsal

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

match the articulation with the corresponding type of movement: intertarsal

gliding

match the articulation with the corresponding type of movement: proximal tibiofibular

gliding

hereditary form in which uric acid is deposited in joints

gout

name the 2 parts a pelvis is divided into by the brim of the pelvis

greater (false) pelvis lesser (true) pelvis

which two large processes are located at the proximal end of the femur

greater and lesser trochanter

the large bony ridges of the proximal femur that serve to attach many of the muscles for moving of the hip are called the:

greater and lesser trochanters

the deep notch located on the posterior margin of the innominate bone between the posterior inferior iliac spine and the ischial spine is called the:

greater sciatic notch

large, prominent process superior and lateral on the shaft

greater trochanter

which process is located at the superolateral aspect of the proximal femoral shaft

greater trochanter

large, rounded eminence on the superior end

head

what is the most distal part of a metatarsal?

head

what type of joint is an interphalangeal joint?

hinge

the two prominent structures found on the ilium are frequently used as radiographic positioning reference points?

iliac crest and ASIS

the majority of the greater or false pelvis is formed by all or part of the:

illium

what part of the hip bone forms the broad, curved portion called the ala?

illium

during development, the pelvis consists of six separate bones that fuse during childhood. these paired bones are the: 1-ilium 2-ischium 3-pubis

illium ischium pubis

the acetabulum is composed of the: 1- illium 2-ischium 3-pubis

illium ischium pubis

which three names refer to the major bone that make up the right or left half of the pelivs

illium, pubis, ischium

the two large bones that help to form the majority of the adult pelvis are termed the

innominate bones

sharp projection between the 2 superior articular surfaces

intercondylar eminence

what other term refers to the tibial spine?

intercondylar eminence

deep depression between the condyles

intercondylar fossa

the rounded condyles of the femur are separated by a deep depression termed the:

intercondylar fossa

the most superior portion of the tiba (tibial eminence) projects upwards from the plateau into the:

intercondylar space

what does IP stand for?

interphalangeal

in the normal sitting position, most of the weight of the trunk is supported by the:

ischial tuberosity of the pelivs

which bone/portion of the hip bone extends inferiorly from the acetabulum and joins with the inferior ramus of the pubic bone?

ischium

what bones of the hip form the obturator foramen?

ischium pubis

which tibial condyle has a facet for articulation with the head of the fibula?

lateral

where on the femur is the greater trochanter located?

lateral and superior

which bone articulated medially with the cuboid?

lateral cuneiform

enlarged distal end of the fibula

lateral malleolus

the pointed, bony prominence located on the distal fibula is called the:

lateral malleolus

with which structure does the head of the fibula articulate?

lateral tibial condyle

flattening of the femoral head as a result of vascular interruption

legg-calve-perthes disease

located on the posterior surface of the femur is a prominent ridge of bone serving for the attachment of many of the muscles of the lower extremity. this process is called the:

linea aspera

fallen arches or flat feet result from weakening of the ligaments in the foot. Damage to these ligaments will result in the loss of the:

longitudinal arch

which cuneiform is the largest cuneiform?

medial

where on the femur is the lesser trochanter located?

medial and posterior

list the names of the tarsal bones

medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, navicular, cuboid, talus, and calcaneus

large process at the distal end of the tibia

medial malleolus

name the large bony process that extends both medially and inferiorly from the distal end of the tibia

medial malleolus

which bones articulate distally with the 3 cuneiforms?

metatarsals

what does MTP stand for?

metatarsophalangeal

malignant neoplasm of plasma cells involving the bone marrow and causing destruction of bone

multiple myeloma

which tarsal bone is located between the talus and the cuneiforms?

navicular

which tarsal bone is located on the medial side of the foot between the talus and the 3 cuneiforms?

navicular

which bones comprise the midfoot?

navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms

constricted portion just inferior from the head

neck

how are metatarsals identified within the foot?

numbered 1-5 from the medial side (great toe) to the lateral side (small toe)

where specifically is the tibial tuberosity?

on the anterior surface of the tibia, just inferior from the condyles

incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity

osgood-schlatter disease

form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae

osteoarthritis

benign bone tumor projection with a cartilaginous cap (exostosis)

osteochondroma

lucent lesion in the metaphysis, usually at the distal femur

osteoclastoma (giant cell tumor)

a benign lesion of cortical bone

osteoid osteoma

softening of the bones (rickets) as a result of a vitamin D deficiency

osteomalacia

increased density of atypically soft bone

osteopetrosis

loss of bone density

osteoporosis

thick, soft bone marked by bowing and fractures

paget disease

thick, soft bone marked by bowing clubfoot and fractures

paget disease

what is the name of the "kneecap" and what is it's bone classification?

patella sesamoid bone

shallow, triangular area on the anterior surface between the condyles

patellar surface

the structure of the body that serves as a base for the trunk and as a girdle for the attachment of the lower limb is known as the:

pelivs

the region b/w the inlet and the outlet of the true pelvis is called the:

pelvic cavity

identify by group name and quantity the bones found in the foot and ankle bone

phalanges - 14 metatarsals - 5 tarsals - 7

avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus with the loss of the ankle mortise

pott fracture

proximal or distal: femoral head

proximal

proximal or distal: femoral neck

proximal

proximal or distal: fibular apex

proximal

proximal or distal: fibular head

proximal

proximal or distal: intercondylar eminence

proximal

proximal or distal: tibial condyles

proximal

proximal or distal: tibial plateau

proximal

proximal or distal: tibial tuberosity

proximal

proximal or distal: trochanters

proximal

where is the fovea capitis located?

proximal femur

the expanded portion of the proximal end of the fibula (fibular head) articulates w/ the tibia at the:

proximal lateral surface

with what do the heads of metatarsals articulate?

proximal phalanges

where in the foot is the tuberosity that is easily palpable?

proximal portion of the 5th metatarsal

where are the tibial plateaus located?

proximal tibia

where is the intercondylar eminence located?

proximal tibia

which joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the fibula with the lateral condyle of the tibia?

proximal tibiofibular

which bone/portion of the hip bone consists of a body and two rami?

pubis

what structures form the posterior part of the pelvis?

sacrum coccyx

the two small, rounded bones that are found on the plantar surface of the first metatarsophalangeal joint to help reduce friction are termed:

sesamoid bones

which bone classification are tarsals?

short

proximal portion of femur dislocated from distal portion at the proximal epiphysis

slipped epiphysis

the base of the patella is found on the _____ surface of the bone

superior

which part of the patella is the base?

superior border

the astragalus or talus bone of the foot is normally located

superior to the calcaneus or os calcis

the junction of the two innominate bones at the anteroinferior margin is termed the:

symphysis pubis

match the articulation with the corresponding type of movement: distal tibiofibular

syndesmosis (slight movement)

which bone articulates with the superior surface of the calcaneus?

talus

which tarsal bone articulates superiorly on the calcaneus?

talus

which tarsal bone forms part of the ankle joint?

talus

which tarsal bone is the most superior tarsal bone?

talus

with what bone does the undersurface of the tibia articulate?

talus

which 2 tarsal bones articulate with each other by way of 3 facets?

talus and calcaneus

what does TMT stand for?

tarsometatarsal

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: intercondylar eminence

tibia

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: medial malleolus

tibia

on which structure is it located - femur, tibia, fibula: tuberosity

tibia

the larger and more medial bone of the lower leg is the:

tibia

the larger of the two bones of the leg

tibia

name the two bones of the leg

tibia and fibula

the tendon of the quadriceps femoris attaches on the anterior surface of a raised process of the proximal tibia called the:

tibial tuberosity

which part of the talus articulates with the distal tibia?

trochlea

two peak-like processes arising from the intercondylar eminence

tubercles

prominent process on the anterior surface of the tibia; just below the condyles

tuberosity

which term refers to the prominent process on the anterior surface of the proximal tibia that is just inferior to the condyles?

tuberosity

which bones form the pelvis

two hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx only

when compared to the male pelvis, the female pelvis is characterized by a: 1-wider transverse diameter 2-large pelvic outlet 3-larger pubic arch

wide transverse diameter large pelvic outlet larger pubic arch