A&P Pre test- chapter 12

The white matter of the spinal cord contains

bundles of axons with common origins, destinations, and functions.

The outermost connective tissue covering of nerves is the

epineum

The stretch reflex

is important in regulating muscle length and activated when a skeletal muscle lengthens

The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly

myelinated axons.

The vental rami form four major plexuses including all of the following EXCEPT the ____ plexus

nuchal

After age_____ the vertebral column containues to elongate but the spinal cord itself does not

4 years

The spinal cord continues to elongate until about age

4 years

All of the following are true of polysynaptic reflexes EXCEPT that they

?

Each peripheral nerve provides ____ innervation to peripheral structures

?

The ______ reflex complements the flexor reflex by acticating contalateral muscle

?

The _____ of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back

dorsal ranius

The tough fibrous outermost covering of the spinal cord is the

dura mater.

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the

endoneurium

the outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord are called

horns

Enlargements of the spinal cord occur

in those spinal segments that control the limbs

Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ___ reflexes

innate

Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord run along the surface of the

pia mater.

The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the ventral rami neighboring spinal nerves is termed

plexus

Each of the following nerves originates in the lumbar plexus, except the ________ nerve.

sciatie

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed

sensory input would be blocked

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

sensory nuclei

Cerebrospinal fuid flows within the

subarachnoid space

Samples of CSF for diagnostic purpises are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the

subarachnoid space

The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ____ reflex

tendon

The subdural space lies between

the dura mater and arachnoid mater

Reflexes can be classified according to all of the following except

whether they are sensory or motor

Nerve tracts or fasculi make up the

white columns

The preganglionic fibers that connect a spinal nerve with an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord form the

white rami communicates

Which of the following is NOT true about a positive Babinski reflex

why you close your eyes when you sneeze

In and adult, the conus medullaris is found at the

L1

Identify the stucture labeled "10"

anterior gray commisure

The dorsal root ganglion mainly contain

axons of sensory nerurons

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains

axons of sensory neurons

The layer of the meninges in firect contact with the spinal cord is the

pia mater

Where do somatic motor neurons reside

15

The spinal cord consists of five regions and ____ segments

31

The obturator nerve is distributed to the

adductors of the hip.

Which of the following associate is INCORRECT

Thoracic spinal nerves

In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and respnse be GREATER

a ply synaptic reflex (greater) monosynaptic reflex

In meningitis

all of the above

Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of her cord is likely to be compressed?

ascending tracts

Postganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system that innervate internal organs do not rejoin the spinal nerve but form

autonomic nerves.

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains

axons of motor neurons

Spinal nerves are

both sensory and motor

In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise

brachial

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus.

brachial

All of the following are true of muscle spindles EXCEPT that they

cannot be motified by the brain

Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the ________ region.

cervical

In the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as

columns

The epidual space contains

connective tissue and blood vessels

What is the function of the structure labeled "14"

control of visceral effectors

The ______ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a compont

fulum terminalte

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the

gray commissures

The postganglionic fibers that connect an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic or lumbar region with the spinal nerve are

gray rami communicantes

A viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn will

lead to muscle weakness or paralysis

Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles.

leg

bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord. As a result, which of the following would you except?

loss of sensation in his torso

If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he

might be unable to breathe on his own.

Somatic motor neurons in the spinal cord control all of the following muscles EXCEPT those that

move the neck

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

nerve cell bodies

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the

perineurium

The ______ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm

phrenic

The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves, except the

phrenic

identify the structure labeled "1"

posterior white column

Spinal internuerrons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in a process called

reciprocal inhinition

As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the fibular nerve and the tibial nerve.

sciatic

Compared to the vertebral column the spinal cord is

shorter

The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

somatic motor nuclei

what is the function of the structure labeled "12"

somatic sensory recieving

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the

spinal meninges.

A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a

spinal nerve

Tina falls...........

tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord

The ________ innervates the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs.

verntal ramus