A&P- study guide

Epithelial function - simple columnar

absorption, secretion, or ion transport

structural element of connective tissue - in loose CT, the nondividing cells that store nutrients

adipocytes

Connective tissue type - insulates the body

adipose connective tissue

Connective tissue type - stores fat

adipose connective tissue

Connective tissue type - composed of the basement membrane; surrounds and cushions blood vessels and nerves; its gel-like matrix contains all categories of fiber and many cell types

areolar connective tissue

Exocrine glands classified as compound tubular glands with _____ ducts and with secretory cells located in _____ secretory units.

branching, tubular

muscle tissue type - contains cylindrical cells with branching ends

cardiac

muscle tissue type - banded appearance

cardiac, and skeletal

muscle tissue type - involuntarily controlled

cardiac, and smooth

structural element of connective tissue - living elements that maintain the firm, flexible matrix in the cartilage, occupies lacunae

chondrocytes

structural element of connective tissue - tough protein fibers that resist stretching or longitudinal tearing

collagen fibers

Gland structure/class - branched ducts

compound gland

Tissue - characterized by having large amounts of extracellular material

connective

Tissue - supports and reinforces body organs

connective

Tissue - surrounds and cushions body organs

connective

membranes - epithelial stratified squamous, underlain by dense fibrous connective tissue, protects from external elements and water loss, covers body

cutaneous membrane

Connective tissue type - parallel bundles of collagenic fibers provide strength; found in tendons

dense regular connective

Connective tissue type - the skin dermis

dense regular connective tissue

Multicellular glands are composed of 3 structures: ______, ______ and ______.

duct, secretory unit, supportive connective tissue

Connective tissue type - found in external ear and auditory tube

elastic cartilage

Connective tissue type - forms the stretchy ligaments of the vertebral column

elastic connective tissue

structural element of connective tissue - randomly coiled protein fibers that recoil after being stretched

elastic fibers

Gland type - examples are the thyroid and adrenal glands

endocrine

Gland type - glands secrete regulatory hormones directly into blood or lymph

endocrine

Endocrine and exocrine glands are formed from _______ tissue.

epithelial

Tissue - cells of this tissue ay absorb and/or secrete substances

epithelium

Tissue - forms endocrine and exocrine glands

epithelium

Tissue - forms membranes

epithelium

Gland type - duct from this gland carries secretions to target organ or location

exocrine

Gland type - examples are the liver, which produces bile, and the pancreas which produces digestive enzymes

exocrine

Gland type - the more numerous of the two types of glands

exocrine

cell - an immature fiber-producing cell of connective tissue capable of differentiating into chondroblast, collagenoblast, or osteoblast.

fibroblast

Connective tissue type - contains collagenous fibers; found in intervertebral discs

fibrocartilage

Unicellular exocrine glands called ______ are found in the intestinal mucosae.

goblet cells

structural element of connective tissue - composed of glycoproteins and water-binding glycosaminoglycans

ground substance

structural element of connective tissue - the structural element of areolar tissue that is fluid and provides a reservoir of water and salts for neighboring tissues

ground substance

Connective tissue type - firm, slightly rubbery matrix; milky white and glassy in appearance

hyaline cartilage

Connective tissue type - forms the embryonic skeleton; covers surfaces of bones at joints; reinforces trachea

hyaline cartilage

cell - engulfing bacteria

macrophage

structural element of connective tissue - large, irregularly shaped cells, widely distributed, often found in CT; they engulf cellular debris and foreign matter and are active in immune response

macrophages

cell - a connective tissue cell capable of elaborating basophilic, metachromatic cytoplasmic granules that contain histamine, heparin, hyaluronic acid, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis

mast cell

structural element of connective tissue - composed of ground substance and structural protein fibers

matrix

structural element of connective tissue - the medium through which nutrients and other substances diffuse

matrix

structural element of connective tissue - the embryonic tissue that gives rise to all types of CT

mesenchyme

Exocrine glands secrete _______, a water-soluble glycoprotein.

mucous

Connective tissue type - found in umbilical cord

mucous connective tissue

membranes - epithelial sheet w/ underlying connective tissue (lamina propria), protects, lubricates, secretion, absorption, found respiratory, digestive, reproductive

mucous membrane

Tissue - Its cells shorten to exert force

muscle

Tissue - allows for movement of limbs and for organ movements within the body

muscle

Tissue - allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski....

muscle

Tissue - basis of the major controlling system of the body

nervous

Tissue - forms brain and spinal cord

nervous

Tissue - uses electrochemical signals to carry out its functions

nervous

Connective tissue type - cells are arranged in concentric circles around a nutrient canal; matrix is hard due to calcium salts

osseous tissue

Connective tissue type - hardest tissue of our "skull cap:

osseous tissue

structural element of connective tissue - cellular elements that produce the collagen fibers of bone matrix

osteoblast

structural element of connective tissue - primary bone marrow cell type that remains actively mitotic

osteocyte

cell - a lymphoid or lymphocyte-like cell found in the bone marrow, connective tissue, and sometimes the blood. It contains material arranged in a pattern like the spokes of a wheel or a clock face.

plasma cell

Epithelial function - a ciliated epithelium

propels sheets of mucus

Epithelial function - stratified squamous

protection

Epithelial cell/structure type - lines much of the respiratory tract

pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar

Connective tissue type - makes supporting framework of lymphoid organs

reticular connective tissue

fibers that line outside of capillaries and underside of epithelium

reticular fibers

structural element of connective tissue - fine, branching protein fibers that construct a supportive network

reticular fibers

membranes - epithelial sheet, thin areolar, lines ventral cavities and covers organs, lubrication for friction during movement

serous membrane

Gland structure/class - flask-shaped gland, unbranched ducts

simple alveolar gland

Epithelial cell/structure type - lines the stomach and most of the intestines

simple columnar

Epithelial cell/structure type - endothelium and mesothelium

simple squamous

Gland structure/class - slender, straight gland, unbranched ducts

simple tubular gland

muscle tissue type - voluntarily controlled

skeletal

Epithelial function - endothelium

small molecules pass through rapidly

muscle tissue type - contains spindle-shaped cells

smooth

muscle tissue type - changes in volume of an organ as it contracts

smooth, and cardiac

muscle tissue type - uninucleate

smooth, and cardiac

muscle tissue type - enables you to swallow

smooth, and skeletal

Epithelial cell/structure type - lines the inside of the mouth

stratified squamous

Epithelial function - transitional

stretches

Epithelial cell/structure type - lines the inside of the urinary bladder

transitional

Gland structure/class - combination of gland shapes

tubuloalveolar gland

Connective tissue type - provides the medium for nutrient transport throughout the body

vascular tissue