A&P Unit 4-blood

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days.

120

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin?

4

Typically, an adult's body contains _______ of blood.

5 liters

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood.

55

The diameter of an erythrocyte is

7.5 μm

If a person has blood type AB-, what proteins are located in their red blood cell's membrane?

A and B only

If a person has blood type A+, what proteins are located in their red blood cell's membrane?

A and Rh factor

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

Donor is Type AB, Recipient is Type B

A leukocyte that contains reddish-colored granules and a bi-lobed nucleus is a(n)

Eosinophils

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?

Protection

Which of the following is a step within the common pathway of blood clotting?

Prothrombin is activated to thrombin.

A patient has been injured and is in need of a blood transfusion. When she arrives, doctors determine that she has type O+ blood. What antigens are present on her red blood cells? What antibodies are present in her blood? What blood type(s) can she receive in her blood transfusion?

Rh factor only Anti-A and Anti-B only O+, O-

Which clotting pathway involves more steps and takes more time (approximately 5 minutes)?

The intrinsic pathway

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?

Transportation

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

a, b, e

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes

a, b, e

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the:

albumins

Which are characteristic of leukocytes? a: Smaller than erythrocytes b: Have a nucleus c: Have no hemoglobin d: More numerous than erythrocytes e: Depending on type, may or may not contain granules

b, c, e

Which are characteristic of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B

b, c, f

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? a: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies b: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present c: Always has Rh (D) antigen d: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present e: Is inherited independent of the ABO group

b, e

A significant increase in the number of neutrophils may indicate a(n) [blank] infection.

bacterial

Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of _______ .

basic, proteins

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine?

basophil

Formed elements that compose less than 1% of white blood cells and are involved in defense against disease are

basophils

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to:

both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

During platelet plug formation, platelets begin to stick to:

collagen with the assistance of von Willebrand factor.

The formation of a web-like polymer of fibrin occurs late in the ________ pathway.

common

If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely:

decrease

The main function of leukocytes is to:

defend against pathogens.

Fibrinolysis involves ________ of the fibrin framework, and it involves the protein _______.

destruction, plasmin

Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma:

electrolytes

The most numerous of the formed elements, by far, are the:

erythrocytes

Platelets are roughly the same size as erythrocytes, and like erythrocytes, they eject their nucleus just before entering circulation.

false

The agglutinogens (or antigens) that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are:

found on the surface of erythrocytes.

The carbon dioxide molecules that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the __________ units.

globin

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called:

hemopoiesis

Platelets play a key role in _________, but if they are not used they are broken down after about ________ days.

hemostasis, 9

The two substances secreted by human basophils are [1] and [2].

histamine, heparin.

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes:

lack a nucleus and organelles.

Leukocytes are the _______ of the formed elements, and leukocytes have ______________.

largest, prominent nuclei

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the:

liver and spleen

An agranulocyte with a large, spherical nucleus surrounded by pale blue cytoplasm is a(n)

lymphocyte

The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n):

neutrophil

Which are the most numerous of the leukocytes?

neutrophil

A significant increase in the number of eosinophils may indicate a(n) [blank] infection.

parasitic

Prostacyclin is an eicosanoid that acts as a:

platelet repellant

Small cellular fragments that are involved in the process of hemostasis are

platelets (thrombocyte)

Glucose is a:

polar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma.

When over 10% of the body's blood has been lost, a survival response occurs involving activation of the ________ nervous system.

sympathetic

Blood is correctly classified as a(n):

tissue

Platelets are formed elements.

true

To compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers:

vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate.

The first phase of hemostasis involves:

blood vessel constriction

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will:

decrease

As a platelet plug forms at an injury site platelets become activated and their cytoplasm:

degranulates as they release chemicals such as ADP and thromboxane A2.

T-cells are a category of:

lymphocytes

Platelets are derived from large precursor cells called [blank], which reside in the bone marrow.

megakaryocytes

A blood cell that is a precursor to tissue macrophages is a(n)

monocyte

The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n):

monocyte

Lymphocytes are responsible for initiating the [blank] immune response to infection.

specific

The first phase in hemostasis is:

vascular spasm