A&P Unit 5

Put the following hormones in the correct sequence of secretion: corticotropin-releasing hormone, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone.

1- Corticotropin-releasing hormone 2- Adrenocorticotropic hormone 3- Cortisol

In humans, the time it takes from a germ cell to mature into a spermatozoon is:

65-75 days.

Which ONE of the following percentages best describes the proportion of pancreatic activity centered around exocrine secretion of digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate?

99%.

Angiotensin II stimulates cells in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex to release which ONE of the following hormones?

Aldosterone.

What is the name of the islet cells that secrete glucagon?

Alpha cells.

The islets of Langerhans are composed of which of the following cells?

Alpha, Beta, Delta, and F cells.

LH and FSH are both released from which ONE of the following?

Anterior pituitary gland.

The ejaculatory ducts are located

At the apex of the prostate where the ductus deferens merges with the duct from the seminal vesicles.

Which ONE of the following terms refers to two identical cells produced by the first division of the zygote?

Blastomeres.

Target organ for hGH.

Bone and muscles.

Which hormones, secreted by the parathyroid and thyroid glands, act antagonistically to regulate blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin and Parathyroid hormone.

Which of the following hormones are secreted by the cells of the thyroid gland?

Calcitonin, Thyroxine, and Triiodothyronine.

Which of the following is NOT secreted by the thyroid gland?

Calcitrol.

The blood levels of which of the following ions are regulated by the action of parathyroid hormone?

Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium.

During the second week of development, what occurs on Day 12?

Capillaries dilate forming the maternal sinusoids.

Which of the following is NOT a division of the uterine tube.

Cervix.

Which ONE of the following cell types secretes parathyroid hormone?

Chief Cells.

Which ONE of the following is synthesized in the skin from an inactive precursor in response to ultraviolet light?

Cholecalciferol.

What cell type from the anterior pituitary gland secretes ACTH?

Corticotrophs.

Which of the following molecules are glucocorticoids?

Cortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone.

Which somite gives rise to form the major connective tissue of the body?

Dermotome.

Which of the following best describe endocrine glands?

Ductless, produces hormones, and composed of follicles.

Which ONE of the following facial features is fully developed by the end of the first trimester?

Ears.

The central neural plate is derived from which ONE of the following three germ layers

Ectoderm.

Which ONE of the following best describes the relative speed of the onset for the effects of the endocrine system relative to that of the nervous system?

Endocrine effects occur more slowly than nervous effects.

The fight-or-flight response is initiated by the release of which of the following hormones?

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine.

Which of the following are major hormones involved in mediating the stress response?

Epinephrine.

Which ONE of the following hormones is produced by the kidneys and increases oxygen delivery to cells of the body?

Erythropoietin.

What is the name of the female sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics?

Estrogen.

A man's own spermatozoa will NOT be recognized as foreign to the body and will NOT be attacked by his immune system.

False.

The embryoblast differentiates into the cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast.

False.

The maternal placenta is the section of the chorion that has chorionic villi on its surface.

False.

The production of female gametes is called spermatogenesis.

False.

The second trimester encompasses weeks 29-40 after fertilization.

False.

The uterus produces the female gamete (ovum).

False.

Which one of the following pharyngeal arches contain muscles?

First and third.

During the stages of development, what occurs at Day 3?

Formation of the morula.

During the stages of development, what occurs at day 18?

Formation of the neural tube.

During the stages of development, what occurs at day 22?

Formation of the pharyngeal arches.

Which of the following are stimulated by glucocorticoids?

Gluconeogenesis.

What cell type from the anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH?

Gonadotrophs.

Which of the following cell types are found in the ovary?

Granulosa cells, thecal cells, primary oocyte, corpus luteum.

Amniotic fluid functions to promote all of the following EXCEPT:

Human chorionic gonadotropin production.

Which of the following may be caused by an increase in levels of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

Increased basal metabolic rate, accelerated rate of growth, and upregulation of beta adrenergic receptors.

Which ONE of the following is the hormone that blocks further production of sperm?

Inhibin.

Which of the following may be caused by cortisol during the resistance reaction of the stress response?

Inhibition of inflammation and Lipolysis.

During the stages of development, what occurs at day 21?

Initiation of embryonic folding.

Which of the following are the two main hormones secreted by the pancreas?

Insulin and Glucagon.

What is the name of the clusters of various endocrine cells that are distributed throughout the pancreas?

Islets of Langerhans.

Which hormones target the ovaries and testes?

LH.

What cell type from the anterior pituitary gland secretes PRL?

Lactotrophs.

During the second week of development, what occurs on Day 9?

Lacunae begin to form in the syncytiotrophoblast.

All of the following are hormone like substances that have autocrine or paracrine actions except:

Leptin.

Which ONE of the following hormones suppresses appetite?

Leptin.

Which of the following are hormone-like substances that have autocrine or paracrine actions?

Leukotrienes, nerve growth factor, prostaglandins, and epidermal growth factor.

Testosterone is produced in these cells.

Leydig cells.

Target organ for PRL.

Mammary glands.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by chromaffin cells, located in which ONE of the following regions of the suprarenal gland?

Medulla.

During spermatogenesis, male gametes have 23 chromosomes after this stage.

Meiosis II.

Which ONE of the following hormones plays a major role in sleep regulation?

Melatonin.

Which ONE of the following groups of cells contributes to the formation of the peripheral nervous system?

Neural crest cells.

Which ONE of the following is not a primary germ layer?

Notochord.

Target organ for LH.

Ovaries and testes.

Which ONE of the following describes the actions of hormones that act locally rather than at a distance from the site of release?

Paracrine.

From the outside in, the layers of the uterus consists of:

Perimetrium, myometrium & endometrium.

Which of the following are endocrine glands?

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and suprarenal gland.

Which ONE of the following is the target organ for inhibin in both males and females?

Pituitary gland.

Besides the ovary, which other organ produces the hormone estrogen?

Placenta.

Receptors for water soluble hormones are found on their target cells in which ONE of the following regions?

Plasma membrane.

Which ONE of the following veins drains the neurohypophysis?

Posterior hypophyseal vein.

Which of the following structures does NOT form the chorion?

Primitive ectoderm.

Stertoli cells accomplish all of the following EXCEPT:

Produces testosterone.

Which somite forms the vertebrae and ribs?

Sclerotome.

During oogenesis, the corona radiata starts to form at this level of follicular development.

Secondary follicle.

The percentage volume of fluid that makes up semen derive from the following:

Seminal vesicles 60-65%, Prostate 25-30%, Bulbourethral glands 5%.

Spermatozoa is produced in the testes with in these structures:

Seminiferous tubules.

The chorion helps to promote fetal development. All of the following are produced by the chorion EXCEPT:

Shock absorption.

Target organ for MSH.

Skin and brain.

All of the following ions are regulated by the action of the parathyroid hormone EXCEPT:

Sodium.

Which of the following hormones have paracrine actions, in addition to their endocrine actions?

Somatostatin and Pancreatic polypeptide.

What cell type from the anterior pituitary gland secretes hGH?

Somatotrophs.

Which ONE of the following terms best describes hormones that produce an action greater when acting together than either would on their own?

Synergistic.

Which ONE of the following contain umbillical vessels at their core?

Tertiary or placental villi.

Which of the following is NOT one of the principal hormones of the Female Reproductive Cycle?

Testosterone.

During the second week of development, what occurs on Day 8?

The embryoblast differentiates into the hypoblast and the epiblast.

The numbers '3' and '4', associated with the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, refer to which ONE of the following?

The number of iodine atoms in each of the hormones.

Which of the following is NOT found in the islets of Langerhans?

Theta cells.

Target organ for TSH.

Thyroid gland.

What cell type from the anterior pituitary gland secretes TSH?

Thyrotrophs.

The ectoderm is composed of which of the following tissues?

Tightly packed epithelial cells.

A lipid hormone upon binding to its receptor, forms a hormone-receptor complex that acts as which ONE of the following?

Transcription factor.

Both the female and male sexual responses consist of excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution.

True.

During weeks 21-25, surfactant starts being produced in the fetal lungs as the respiratory system develops.

True.

Maternal sinusoids are endometrial capillaries that have dilated during the development of the trophoblast.

True.

Primary oocytes contain 46 chromosomes.

True.

Secondary oocytes contain 23 chromosomes.

True.

The notochordal plate is formed when the notochordal process undergoes transformation to form a flat plate.

True.

Mineralocorticoids are produced by which ONE of the following layers of the suprarenal gland?

Zona glomerulosa.

Which ONE of the following describes the chorionic villi?

finger-like projections with an inner mass of cytotrophoblast covered by a layer of syncytiotrophoblast.

Which hormone targets the bone and muscles?

hGH.