A&P1 Exam 1 study set
The chemical level of an organization is
- composed of atoms and molecules - the simplest level of organization
The components associated with the homeostatic system are:
- effector - receptor - control center
Which body structures can serve as effectors?
- insulin secreting cells of pancreas - smooth muscles of bronchioles
Which of the following are characteristics of all living things?
- metabolism - growth and development - organization
Characteristics of all living things:
- reproduction - regulation of internal functions - responsiveness to stimuli
Which of the following statements correctly apply to homeostasis as a physiologic process?
- the control center is generally the nervous system or endocrine system - negative feedback typically keeps these processes in check - when homeostasis fails disease or even death occurs - these processes are dynamic
What are examples of negative feedback regulation?
-Changing breathing rate in response to an increase of CO2 -changes in blood pressure when exercising
Rank the following terms from simplest to most complex
1. Cells 2. Tissues 3. Organs 4. Organ systems 5. Organism
Surface anatomy
A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them
Systemic anatomy
A study of each body system
Embryology
A study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth
Neurophysiology
An examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body
comparative anatomy
An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species
Regional anatomy
An examination of the structure in a particular region
The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is
Antebrachial
The correct anatomic directional term for "in front of" is:
Anterior
The ____ region of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk
Axial
Mammary is to ____ as brachial is to arm.
Breast
The anatomical term for cheek is
Buccal
The anatomical term for heel is
Calcaneal
The opposite term for cranial is
Caudal
The correct anatomical term for head is
Cephalic
____ May explore how the lower limb differs between humans and chimps
Comparative anatomy
The plane that cuts your body into front and back
Coronal
The anatomical term for hip is:
Coxa
The anatomical term for the hip is ____ while the anatomical term for the wrist is ____.
Coxal; carpal
The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle is:
Crural
___ is the anatomic directional term that means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure"
Deep
Serous membrane- Peritoneum
Digestive organs
The opposite term for central is
Dorsal
Match the organ system with its description:
Endocrine- secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in blood Cardiovascular- moves blood containing hormones, nutrients, and gases Lymphatic- participates in immune response Respiratory- responsible for exchange of gases Urinary- filters the blood and removes waste from the blood
Description of physiology in the field:
Examines how the muscles of the small intestine propel food through the digestive tract
The anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is ______ region
Fibular
reproductive physiology
Gamete production and related hormones and physiologic cycles
____ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy
Gross
____ describes an investigation of the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye?
Gross anatomy
An increase in body size is ____ and an increased specialization as relates to form and function is ___.
Growth;development
Serous membrane- Pericardium
Heart
____ refers to the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions.
Homeostasis
Serous membrane- Pleura
Lungs
The anatomical term for the hand is:
Manus
The plane that cuts your body into equal left and right portions
Midsagittal
The anatomical term for mouth is ____ cavity
Oral
The ____ lines the internal walls of the abdominal pelvic cavity
Parietal peritoneum
Regarding the serous membranes of the central cavity, a ____ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a ____ layer covers the external surface of organs
Parietal; visceral
____ examines anatomic changes resulting from disease
Pathological anatomy
A serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is called the:
Peritoneum
The anatomical term for the entire foot is
Pes
The anatomical term for fingers or toes is:
Phalanges
The anatomical term for the area posterior to the knee is
Popliteal
The opposite term for distal is
Proximal
Match the homeostatic control mechanism with its description
Receptor- receives a stimulus Control Center- integrates input and initiates change Effector- brings about a change in response to the stimulus
____, one of the important characteristics of living things, involves mechanisms within an organism that maintain a consistent internal environment, also called a "steady state"
Regulation
The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the nose" is
Rostral
Control centers are generally portion of the
Spinal cord, brain, and thyroid gland
Match the word with the description of how body temp stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temp rises above normal
Stimulus- vigorous exercise raises body temp Receptors- organs in the skin detect heat Control center- hypothalamus of brain sets body temp Effectors- blood vessels dilate; sweat glands secrete sweat Homeostasis- body temp returns to normal
Anatomy is the study of what?
Structure and form
Description of anatomy in the field:
Studies the small intestine including its relationship to the rest of the body
The correct anatomic directional term for "closer to the head" is:
Superior
The anatomical term for ankle is
Tarsal
____ is an accurate description of the anatomic position
The eyes look forward, the head is level
Cardiovascular physiology
The function of the heart, blood and blood vessels are examined
Cytology refers to:
The study of cells and their internal structures
Histology refers to
The study of tissues
The word anatomy is derived from the Greek word anatome, which could be described by which of the following?
To cut apart To dissect
Which plane can pass in between the chest (thorax) and the abdomen
Transverse
The plane that cuts your body into top and bottom half:
Transverse plane
True or False: as the human body grows in size, structures such as the brain become more complex
True
True or false: physiology focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work
True
____ means "in front of" when using anatomic directional terms
Ventral
The _____ canal contains the spinal cord
Vertebral
respiratory physiology
a study of how gas exchange occurs
On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ____ region.
abdominal
Metabolism consists of both ____ in which small molecules are joined to form larger molecules and ____ in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
anabolism and catabolism
Visualizing the body in the ____ ____ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions
anatomic position
The ____ region is composed of the upper and lower limbs
appendicular
____ are the smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element
atoms
Sternal is to sternum as pectoral is to:
chest
The visceral pleura:
covers the external surface of the lungs
The opposite term for superficial is
deep
Acids are also called proton
donors
Cranial is to skull as auricular is to
ear
The anatomical term for buttock is
gluteal
The anatomical term for great toe is
hallux
Molarity is a measure of the number of moles per ____ of solution.
liter
The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the:
mediastinum
A ____ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves.
midsagittal
The plane known as the ____ plane passes through the specimen at an angle
oblique
Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called:
physiologists
In regards to the axial region, the ____ aspect contains cavities that are completely encased in bone
posterior
In terms of anatomic directional terms, ____ means in back of or toward the back surface
posterior
The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is:
pubic
The component of homeostasis, called the ____, is the sensory nerve body structure that detects changes in the variable, which is either the substance or process that is regulated
receptor
The anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is
sacral
The ___ method refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis
scientific
The anatomical term for the calf area is:
sural
The heart and lungs are organs in the ____ cavity
thoracic
A ___ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts
transverse
The anatomical term for the medial aspect of the forearm is
ulnar
The anatomical term for navel is:
umbilical