A&P1 Exam 1 study set

The chemical level of an organization is

- composed of atoms and molecules - the simplest level of organization

The components associated with the homeostatic system are:

- effector - receptor - control center

Which body structures can serve as effectors?

- insulin secreting cells of pancreas - smooth muscles of bronchioles

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things?

- metabolism - growth and development - organization

Characteristics of all living things:

- reproduction - regulation of internal functions - responsiveness to stimuli

Which of the following statements correctly apply to homeostasis as a physiologic process?

- the control center is generally the nervous system or endocrine system - negative feedback typically keeps these processes in check - when homeostasis fails disease or even death occurs - these processes are dynamic

What are examples of negative feedback regulation?

-Changing breathing rate in response to an increase of CO2 -changes in blood pressure when exercising

Rank the following terms from simplest to most complex

1. Cells 2. Tissues 3. Organs 4. Organ systems 5. Organism

Surface anatomy

A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them

Systemic anatomy

A study of each body system

Embryology

A study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

Neurophysiology

An examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body

comparative anatomy

An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species

Regional anatomy

An examination of the structure in a particular region

The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is

Antebrachial

The correct anatomic directional term for "in front of" is:

Anterior

The ____ region of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk

Axial

Mammary is to ____ as brachial is to arm.

Breast

The anatomical term for cheek is

Buccal

The anatomical term for heel is

Calcaneal

The opposite term for cranial is

Caudal

The correct anatomical term for head is

Cephalic

____ May explore how the lower limb differs between humans and chimps

Comparative anatomy

The plane that cuts your body into front and back

Coronal

The anatomical term for hip is:

Coxa

The anatomical term for the hip is ____ while the anatomical term for the wrist is ____.

Coxal; carpal

The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle is:

Crural

___ is the anatomic directional term that means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure"

Deep

Serous membrane- Peritoneum

Digestive organs

The opposite term for central is

Dorsal

Match the organ system with its description:

Endocrine- secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in blood Cardiovascular- moves blood containing hormones, nutrients, and gases Lymphatic- participates in immune response Respiratory- responsible for exchange of gases Urinary- filters the blood and removes waste from the blood

Description of physiology in the field:

Examines how the muscles of the small intestine propel food through the digestive tract

The anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is ______ region

Fibular

reproductive physiology

Gamete production and related hormones and physiologic cycles

____ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy

Gross

____ describes an investigation of the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye?

Gross anatomy

An increase in body size is ____ and an increased specialization as relates to form and function is ___.

Growth;development

Serous membrane- Pericardium

Heart

____ refers to the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions.

Homeostasis

Serous membrane- Pleura

Lungs

The anatomical term for the hand is:

Manus

The plane that cuts your body into equal left and right portions

Midsagittal

The anatomical term for mouth is ____ cavity

Oral

The ____ lines the internal walls of the abdominal pelvic cavity

Parietal peritoneum

Regarding the serous membranes of the central cavity, a ____ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a ____ layer covers the external surface of organs

Parietal; visceral

____ examines anatomic changes resulting from disease

Pathological anatomy

A serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is called the:

Peritoneum

The anatomical term for the entire foot is

Pes

The anatomical term for fingers or toes is:

Phalanges

The anatomical term for the area posterior to the knee is

Popliteal

The opposite term for distal is

Proximal

Match the homeostatic control mechanism with its description

Receptor- receives a stimulus Control Center- integrates input and initiates change Effector- brings about a change in response to the stimulus

____, one of the important characteristics of living things, involves mechanisms within an organism that maintain a consistent internal environment, also called a "steady state"

Regulation

The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the nose" is

Rostral

Control centers are generally portion of the

Spinal cord, brain, and thyroid gland

Match the word with the description of how body temp stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temp rises above normal

Stimulus- vigorous exercise raises body temp Receptors- organs in the skin detect heat Control center- hypothalamus of brain sets body temp Effectors- blood vessels dilate; sweat glands secrete sweat Homeostasis- body temp returns to normal

Anatomy is the study of what?

Structure and form

Description of anatomy in the field:

Studies the small intestine including its relationship to the rest of the body

The correct anatomic directional term for "closer to the head" is:

Superior

The anatomical term for ankle is

Tarsal

____ is an accurate description of the anatomic position

The eyes look forward, the head is level

Cardiovascular physiology

The function of the heart, blood and blood vessels are examined

Cytology refers to:

The study of cells and their internal structures

Histology refers to

The study of tissues

The word anatomy is derived from the Greek word anatome, which could be described by which of the following?

To cut apart To dissect

Which plane can pass in between the chest (thorax) and the abdomen

Transverse

The plane that cuts your body into top and bottom half:

Transverse plane

True or False: as the human body grows in size, structures such as the brain become more complex

True

True or false: physiology focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work

True

____ means "in front of" when using anatomic directional terms

Ventral

The _____ canal contains the spinal cord

Vertebral

respiratory physiology

a study of how gas exchange occurs

On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ____ region.

abdominal

Metabolism consists of both ____ in which small molecules are joined to form larger molecules and ____ in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

anabolism and catabolism

Visualizing the body in the ____ ____ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions

anatomic position

The ____ region is composed of the upper and lower limbs

appendicular

____ are the smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element

atoms

Sternal is to sternum as pectoral is to:

chest

The visceral pleura:

covers the external surface of the lungs

The opposite term for superficial is

deep

Acids are also called proton

donors

Cranial is to skull as auricular is to

ear

The anatomical term for buttock is

gluteal

The anatomical term for great toe is

hallux

Molarity is a measure of the number of moles per ____ of solution.

liter

The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the:

mediastinum

A ____ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves.

midsagittal

The plane known as the ____ plane passes through the specimen at an angle

oblique

Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called:

physiologists

In regards to the axial region, the ____ aspect contains cavities that are completely encased in bone

posterior

In terms of anatomic directional terms, ____ means in back of or toward the back surface

posterior

The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is:

pubic

The component of homeostasis, called the ____, is the sensory nerve body structure that detects changes in the variable, which is either the substance or process that is regulated

receptor

The anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is

sacral

The ___ method refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis

scientific

The anatomical term for the calf area is:

sural

The heart and lungs are organs in the ____ cavity

thoracic

A ___ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts

transverse

The anatomical term for the medial aspect of the forearm is

ulnar

The anatomical term for navel is:

umbilical