A&P2 Chapter 17

Where should the left ventricle send blood? A. aorta B. left atrium C. coronary sinus D. pulmonary trunk

A. Aorta

Autorhythmicity is the responsibility of: A. cardiac pacemaker cells. B. cardiac muscle cells. C. contractile cells. D. skeletal muscle cells.

A. Cardiac pacemaker cells.

The cardiac chamber with the thickest wall is the __________. A. left ventricle B. right ventricle C. right atrium D. left atrium

A. Left venricle (Because it has to generate the most pressure)

Which cranial nerves have a negative chronotropic effect on heart rate? A. glossopharyngeal nerves (CN IX) B. trochlear nerves (CN IV) C. hypoglossal nerves (CN XII) D. vagus nerves (CN X)

D. Vagus nerves (CN X)

End-diastolic volume for each ventricle during rest is normally about: A. 120 ml. B. 25 ml. C. 70 ml. D. 50 ml.

A. 120 ml.

Place the following parts of the cardiac conduction system in the order in which they transmit the action potential. 1) atrioventricular (AV) bundle 2) Purkinje fibers 3) sinoatrial (SA) node 4) right and left bundle branches 5) contractile cells of cardiac muscle tissue 6) atrioventricular (AV) node A. 3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5 B. 3, 1, 6, 4, 2, 5 C. 3, 6, 4, 1, 2, 5 D. 3, 1, 6, 4, 5, 2

A. 3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5

Stroke volume averages about: A. 70 ml per heart beat. B. 180 ml per heart beat. C. 25 ml per heart beat. D. 120 ml per heart beat.

A. 70 ml per heart beat.

Which of the following decreases heart rate? A. acetylcholine B. glucagon C. epinephrine D. norepinephrine

A. Acetylcholine

Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload? A. atrial natriuretic peptide B. aldosterone C. norepinephrine D. antidiuretic hormone

A. Atrial natriuretic peptide

Predict the position of the valves when the ventricles contract. A. Both AV valves are forced shut while both semilunar valves are forced open. B. Both AV valves and semilunar valves are forced shut. C. Both AV valves are forced open while both semilunar valves are forced shut. D. Both AV valves and semilunar valves are forced open.

A. Both AV valves are forced shut while both semilunar valves are forced open.

The cusps of the atrioventricular valves attach directly to: A. chordae tendineae. B. trabeculae carneae. C. papillary muscles. D. pectinate muscles.

A. Chordae tendineae.

Inotropic agents affect __________. A. contractility B. depolarization C. heart rate D. stroke volume

A. Contractility

What largely determines preload? A. End-diastolic volume (EDV) B. Stroke volume C. End-systolic volume (ESV) D. Afterload

A. End-diastolic volume (EDV)

High-pressured blood in the ventricles __________. A. forces the semilunar valves open B. forces the AV valves open C. forces both the AV valves and semilunar valves shut D. forces both the AV valves and semilunar valves open

A. Forces the semilunar valves open

The apex of the heart is __________. A. inferior B. anterior C. superior D. posterior

A. Inferior. (The apex of the heart is the inferior tip of the heart and points toward the left side.)

What muscles, present in the ventricles, anchor by tendon-like chords called chordae tendineae? A. papillary muscles B. ligamentum arteriosum C. trabeculae carneae D. pectinate muscles

A. Papillary muscles

What vessel(s) deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium? A. Pulmonary veins B. Pulmonary trunk C. Pulmonary arteries D. Aorta

A. Pulmonary veins

Which of the following can be used to measure heart rate? A. R-R interval B. S-T segment C. Q-T interval D. P-R interval

A. R-R interval

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium? A. right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) B. aortic valve C. left atrioventricular valve (mitral or bicuspid valve) D. pulmonary valve

A. Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle? A. Stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) B. Heart rate (HR) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) C. Stroke volume (SV) and blood pressure (BP) D. End-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV)

A. Stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)

What best describes the Frank-Starling law? A. The Frank-Starling law states that the more the ventricular muscle cells are stretched, the more forcefully they contract. B. The Frank-Starling law states that the greater the volume of blood discharged from the heart, the greater the pressure required to discharge the blood. C. The Frank-Starling law states that the slower the heart rate, the greater the cardiac output. D. The Frank-Starling law states that the greater the stroke volume, the greater the heart rate.

A. The Frank-Starling law states that the more the ventricular muscle cells are stretched, the more forcefully they contract.

What produces the "lub dub" heart sounds? A. the vibrations of the ventricular and blood vessel walls when valves shut B. the relaxation of the atria, and then the ventricles C. the contraction of the atria, and then the ventricles D. the sound of blood traveling through the heart

A. The vibrations of the ventricular and blood vessel walls when valves shut

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the __________. A. tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle B. mitral valve and into the left ventricle C. pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary capillaries D. pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk

A. Tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle

Calculate the end-systolic volume (ESV) if the end-diastolic volume (EDV) in a resting heart is 110 ml and stroke volume (SV) is 70 ml. A. 10 ml B. 40 ml C. 50 ml D. 180 ml

B. 40 ml

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the __________. A. atrioventricular (AV) node B. atria C. sinoatrial (SA) node D. ventricles

B. Atria

Generally, coronary veins empty into a vessel known as the: A. superior vena cava. B. coronary sinus. C. aorta. D. inferior vena cava.

B. Coronary sinus.

Blood returning from the lungs enters the __________. A. left ventricle B. left atrium C. right ventricle D. right atrium

B. Left atrium (Oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the pulmonary veins enters the left atrium.)

During what part of the action potential will calcium ions enter the contractile cell? A. Rapid depolarization phase B. Plateau phase C. Initial repolarization phase D. Repolarization phase

B. Plateau phase

Which of the following does NOT return blood to the right atrium of the heart? A. inferior vena cava B. pulmonary vein C. superior vena cava D. coronary sinus

B. Pulmonary vein

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? A. superior vena cava B. pulmonary vein C. pulmonary trunk D. pulmonary artery

B. Pulmonary vein

On an electrocardiogram (ECG), atrial repolarization is obscured by the: A. P wave. B. QRS wave. C. S-T segment. D. T wave.

B. QRS wave.

The right and left atria depolarize and contract following the arrival of the action potential from the: A. atrioventricular (AV) node. B. sinoatrial (SA) node. C. atrioventricular (AV) bundle. D. Purkinje fibers.

B. Sinoatrial (SA) node.

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one heartbeat is known as: A. cardiac output (CO). B. stroke volume (SV). C. heart rate (HR). D. end-diastolic volume (EDV).

B. Stroke volume (SV)

Blood from the systemic circuit returns to the heart via the __________. A. pulmonary veins B. vena cavae C. cardiac veins D. pulmonary arteries

B. Vena cavae (The two veins that drain the majority of the systemic circuit are the superior and inferior venae cavae.)

The chambers that have just emptied when the second heart sound is heard are the __________. A. coronary sinuses B. ventricles C. atria D. atria and ventricles

B. Ventricles

The right and left coronary arteries receive blood from the: A. coronary sinus. B. superior vena cava. C. aorta. D. pulmonary trunk.

C. Aorta

The visceral pericardium is also known as the __________. A. fibrous pericardium B. parietal pericardium C. epicardium D. endocardium

C. Epicardium

A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or atrioventricular (AV) node will primarily affect the length of the __________. A. P wave B. T wave C. P-R interval D. Q-T interval

C. P-R interval

The degree of stretch experienced by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is called __________. A. afterload B. contractility C. preload D. stroke volume

C. Preload

The aortic valve closes when __________. A. pressure in the left ventricle raises above aortic pressure B. pressure in the left ventricle falls below atrial pressure C. pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure D. pressure in the left ventricle raises above atrial pressure

C. Pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure. (The aortic valve closes to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricle.)

Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base? A. pulmonary vein B. coronary sinus C. pulmonary trunk D. superior vena cava

C. Pulmonary trunk

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ventricular depolarization? A. R-R interval B. P wave C. QRS wave D. T wave

C. QRS wave

Both the left and right atria receive blood from: A. the lungs. B. arteries. C. veins. D. the ventricles.

C. Veins

Which vessel supplies the systemic circuit with oxygenated blood? A. coronary sinus B. superior vena cava C. pulmonary trunk D. aorta

D. Aorta

The right side of the heart receives: A. oxygenated blood from the systemic circuit. B. deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit. C. oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit. D. deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit.

D. Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit.

Which opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart connects the right and left atrium? A. ligamentum arteriosum B. ductus arteriosus C. fossa ovalis D. foramen ovale

D. Foramen ovale

What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells? A. striations B. excitability C. sarcoplasmic reticulum D. intercalated discs

D. Intercalated discs

Which chamber experiences a maximum pressure of around 118 mm Hg during contraction? A. left atrium B. right ventricle C. right atrium D. left ventricle

D. Left ventricle

The AV valves close when __________. A. pressure in the ventricles decreases B. pressure in the aorta increases C. pressure in the atria increases D. pressure in the ventricles increases

D. Pressure in the ventricles increases.

What is the function of the valves in the heart? A. invert during contraction of the ventricles B. eliminate pressure variances within the heart C. promote contraction of the ventricles D. prevent backflow of blood through the heart

D. Prevent backflow of blood through the heart

Blood that leaves the right ventricle enters the __________. A. vena cavae B. aorta C. pulmonary veins D. pulmonary trunk

D. Pulmonary trunk

The main pacemaker of the heart is the __________. A. AV node B. Purkinje fiber system C. sympathetic nervous system D. SA node

D. SA node

Archie has a resting heart rate of 125 beats per minute. Classify his cardiac dysrhythmia. A. bradycardia B. heart block C. asystole D. tachycardia

D. Tachycardia

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the: A. mitral valve and into the left ventricle. B. pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk. C. pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary capillaries. D. tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle.

D. Tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle.

The T wave of an ECG corresponds to __________. A. ventricular depolarization B. atrial depolarization C. atrial repolarization D. ventricular repolarization

D. Ventricular repolarization (Ventricles are relaxing at this time)

Which two arteries arise from the right coronary artery? A. the left marginal artery and the right circumflex artery B. the right anterior interventricular artery and the left posterior interventricular artery C. the right anterior interventricular artery and the right circumflex artery D. the right marginal artery and the right posterior interventricular artery

D. the right marginal artery and the right posterior interventricular artery