A&P2 Endocrine

All of the following are true of steroid hormones

Bind to receptors in the cell Are produce by reproductive glands Are deprived from cholesterol Are lipids

Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin?

Blood glucose concentration

The humoral control of hormone release may be triggered by which of the following factors?

Blood level of an ion like calcium

What hormones are released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and how does their release differ from hormones released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

ADH and oxytocin; posterior pituitary hormones are released directly from the hypothalamus

The hypothalamus produces

ADH, oxytocin, regulatory hormones

Hyposecretion of cortisol causes

Addison's disease

During dehydration the body would increase production of?

Aldosterone & ADH

The effects of this hormone oppose aldosterone.

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would result in?

Decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in?

Diabetes mellitus

Increased levels of the hormone _____ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of _____.

PTH; osteocytes

Why might someone want to take erythropoietin in a non-medical situation?

To increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase stamina

functions of LH

Triggering ovulation Stimulating secretion of testosterone Stimulating the formation of the corpus luteum Stimulating the secretion of progesterone

Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids and what is primary mineralocorticoid?

Zona glomerulosa; aldosterone

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called?

antagonist

The heart secretes the hormone

atrial natriuretic peptide

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

both an increase in insulin and an increase in glucose

The adrenal medulla produces?

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Which hormone may be prescribed in chronic inflammatory disorders such as lupus?

cortisol

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The thyroid gland is composed of many ____ that produce and store thyroid hormone.

follicles

At about 4pm in the afternoon, you could expect that ____ will be released if you havent eaten since 12pm.

glucagon

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces?

glucocorticoids

_______ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the blood stream to after the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

hormones

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of?

hypothyroidism

Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose?

insulin

what elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?

iodine

Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ____ that acts on the hypothalamus.

leptin

The hormone related to appetite control is

leptin

Which of the following is not an antagonist hormone pair?

leptin; thymosin

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

type 2 diabetes

Can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is?

ACTH

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of..

ADH

Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the

Epidermis of the integumentary system

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

Erythropoietin

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

Growth hormone

If dietary iodine levels are deficient you would expect that plasma TSH levels would be ____ and the plasma thyroxine levels would be _____.

High; low

Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in?

Hypogonadism

The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is?

Inhibin

Normal growth is dependent on all of the following hormones

Insulin GH Glucocorticoids Thyroid hormones

what is true of oxytocin

It is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands It triggers prostate gland contraction It promotes uterine contractions It is produced in the hypothalamus

Which of the following is true of the endocrine system?

It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions.

Milk production is stimulated by ____, milk ejection is stimulated by ____.

Prolactin; oxytocin

The pituitary gland is located within this structure.

Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is?

TSH

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following

The level of fatty acids in the blood Fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells The rate of glucose synthesis by the liver The rate of glycogen formation by the liver

The absence of which hormone during development will cause the nervous system to develop abnormally and cause developmental delays?

This hormone is released in response to PTH and its actions are synergists to PTH.

Two hormones that have additive effects are called?

synergist