A&P2 Endocrine
All of the following are true of steroid hormones
Bind to receptors in the cell Are produce by reproductive glands Are deprived from cholesterol Are lipids
Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin?
Blood glucose concentration
The humoral control of hormone release may be triggered by which of the following factors?
Blood level of an ion like calcium
What hormones are released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and how does their release differ from hormones released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
ADH and oxytocin; posterior pituitary hormones are released directly from the hypothalamus
The hypothalamus produces
ADH, oxytocin, regulatory hormones
Hyposecretion of cortisol causes
Addison's disease
During dehydration the body would increase production of?
Aldosterone & ADH
The effects of this hormone oppose aldosterone.
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would result in?
Decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in?
Diabetes mellitus
Increased levels of the hormone _____ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of _____.
PTH; osteocytes
Why might someone want to take erythropoietin in a non-medical situation?
To increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase stamina
functions of LH
Triggering ovulation Stimulating secretion of testosterone Stimulating the formation of the corpus luteum Stimulating the secretion of progesterone
Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids and what is primary mineralocorticoid?
Zona glomerulosa; aldosterone
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called?
antagonist
The heart secretes the hormone
atrial natriuretic peptide
If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?
both an increase in insulin and an increase in glucose
The adrenal medulla produces?
catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Which hormone may be prescribed in chronic inflammatory disorders such as lupus?
cortisol
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine
The thyroid gland is composed of many ____ that produce and store thyroid hormone.
follicles
At about 4pm in the afternoon, you could expect that ____ will be released if you havent eaten since 12pm.
glucagon
When blood glucose levels fall,
glucagon is released
The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces?
glucocorticoids
_______ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the blood stream to after the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
hormones
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of?
hypothyroidism
Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose?
insulin
what elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?
iodine
Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ____ that acts on the hypothalamus.
leptin
The hormone related to appetite control is
leptin
Which of the following is not an antagonist hormone pair?
leptin; thymosin
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
low blood glucose
type 2 diabetes
Can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is?
ACTH
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of..
ADH
Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the
Epidermis of the integumentary system
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?
Erythropoietin
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
Growth hormone
If dietary iodine levels are deficient you would expect that plasma TSH levels would be ____ and the plasma thyroxine levels would be _____.
High; low
Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in?
Hypogonadism
The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is?
Inhibin
Normal growth is dependent on all of the following hormones
Insulin GH Glucocorticoids Thyroid hormones
what is true of oxytocin
It is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands It triggers prostate gland contraction It promotes uterine contractions It is produced in the hypothalamus
Which of the following is true of the endocrine system?
It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions.
Milk production is stimulated by ____, milk ejection is stimulated by ____.
Prolactin; oxytocin
The pituitary gland is located within this structure.
Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is?
TSH
A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following
The level of fatty acids in the blood Fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells The rate of glucose synthesis by the liver The rate of glycogen formation by the liver
The absence of which hormone during development will cause the nervous system to develop abnormally and cause developmental delays?
This hormone is released in response to PTH and its actions are synergists to PTH.
Two hormones that have additive effects are called?
synergist