A&P2 Learnsmart Ch 20 (Blood Vessels)

List the branches of the aortic arch listing the most proximal branch first and the most distal branch last.

1. Brachiocephalic trunk 2. Left common carotid 3.Left subclavian

List the following vessels in order of those that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressure:

1. aorta 2. systemic artery 3. capillary 4. venule 5. systemic vein 6. superior vena cava

List the principle regions of the aorta in the order of blood flow from the heart:

1. ascending aorta 2. aortic arch 3. descending aorta 4. thoracic aorta 5. abdominal aorta

Rank the arteries of the upper limb from proximal to distal:

1. axillary artery 2. brachial artery 3. radial artery 4. deep palmer arch

List the arteries in order as they descend and supply blood to the lower limb:

1. external iliac artery 2. femoral artery 3. Popliteal artery 4. anterior tibial artery 5. Dorsal artery

List the order of veins as blood would flow from the foot to the inferior vena cava:

1.Dorsal venous arch 2. Great saphenous vein 3.External illac vein 4. Common iliac vein 5. Inferior vena cava

List in order from superior to inferior, the arteries that branch off of the abdominal aorta:

1.Inferior phrenic arteries 2.Celiac Trunk 3.Superior mesenteric arteries 4.Renal arteries 5.Gonadal arteries 6.Common iliac arteries

Rank the types of veins from smallest to largest:

1.postcapillary venules 2.Muscular venuels 3.Medium veins 4.Venous Sinuses 5. Large veins

Describe the flow of a blood cell through the pulmonary circuit from the right ventricle:

1.pulmonary trunk 2. Pulmonary arteries 3. Lobar arteries 4. alveolar capillaries 5. Pulmonary veins 6. Left atrium

____ carry blood away from the heart.

Arteries

_____ are microscopic, thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins.

Capillaries

The narrowest type of vessel in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems that engages in fluid exchanges with surrounding tissues is called a(n)_____.

Capillary

All of the following are arterial pressure points that are easily palpated EXCEPT: common iliac artery, femoral artery, carotid artery, radial artery, brachial artery

Common iliac artery

______ pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heartbeats.

Diastolic

Hypertension is characterized by___ blood pressure.

High

A chemical that ____ urine output is called a diuretic.

Increases

Identify the tissues that comprise the caillary endothelium.

Loose connective & simple squamous epithelium

Hypotension is characterized by ___ blood pressure.

Low

Vasoconstriction primarily results from contraction of the tunica ___.

Media

Which of these arteries, that branch from the thoracic aorta, directly supply blood to the viscera of the thorax?

Mediastinal arteries, bronchial arteries, esophageal arteries

____ venules receive blood from the postcapillary venules.

Muscular

_____ venules receive blood from capillaries.

Postcapillaries

Shortly after leaving the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic trunk branches into the:

Right common carotid artery & Right subclavian artery

___ are irregular blood-filled spaces in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and some other organs.

Sinusoids

Which vessel layer exhibits vasoreflexes?

Tunica Media

Which vessel layer exhibits vasoreflexes?

Tunica media

An anatomical convergence where two blood vessels merge and combine their bloodstreams is known as a(n)____.

anastomosis

The growth of new blood vessels is called____.

angiogenesis

The thorax receives blood from several arteries which arise directly from the ___.

aorta

The left common carotid artery branches off of the:

aortic arch

A small vessel that empties into a capillary is a(n):

arteriole

The smallest resistance arteries are called____.

arterioles

Degenerative changes of the blood vessels characterized by the presence of atheromas and often leading to calcification of the vessel wall is known as___.

atherosclerosis

Growth of lipid deposits in the arterial walls resulting in an increase in blood pressure can be described as:

atherosclerosis

The ability of a tissue to adjust its own blood supply through vasomotion or angiogenesis is known as____.

autoregulation

A ___ is an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure.

baroreflex

If a thrombus blocked blood flow in the deep brachial atery, blood could still reach the forearm via the:

brachial artery &superior ulnar collateral artery

The superior vena cava is formed by the union of the 2 ______ veins.

brachiocephalic

Fluid exchange mainly occurs in:

capillaries

The 3 basic types of blood vessels are:

capillaries, arteries, and veins

Capillaries are organized into networks called:

capillary beds

Which of the following are examples of sensory structures located inside arterial walls?

chemoreceptors & baroreceptors

Molecules spontaneously move down their concentration gradient during:

diffusion

The basal lamina is the non-cellular, proteinacious material that surrounds the capillary _____ cells and separates it from adjacent connective tissue.

endothelial

The ___ acts as a selectively permeable barrier to materials entering or leaving the bloodstream.

endothelium

The outermost layer of the blood vessel is the tunica:

externa

Which 3 pairs of veins drain the majority of blood from the head and neck?

external jugular, vertebral vein, & internal jugular

Transient ischemic attacks are characterized by:

headache, temporary dizziness, temporary paralysis, temporary loss of vision, temporary weakness

Venous return refers to the flow of blood back to the:

heart

Which of the following are vasoactive chemicals?

histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins

Chemicals given off of by the systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues often include:

hormones, oxygen, amino acids, glucose

An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood is known as ___.

hypercapnia

A deficiency of oxygen in any tissue is known as___.

hypoxia

Peripheral resistance ___ the flow of blood.

impedes

The tunica ____ lines the inside of the vessel and is exposed to the blood.

interna

Which of these would be classfied as large veins? great saphenous vein, ulnar vein,, internal jugular veins, superior vena cava, pulmonary veins, renal veins

internal jugular vein, superior vena cava, pulmonary veins, renal veins

Edema is the accumulation of excess ____ fluid.

interstitial

Identify the 3 primary branches of the celiac trunk:

left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

The common iliac arteries supply blood to the:

lower limbs & pelvic wall

Among arteries and veins, the tunica____ is usually the thickest.

media

The visceral branches of the thoracic aorta include:

mediastinal arteries, esophageal arteries, bronchial arterie

The effects of a stroke or cerebrovascular accident can include:

paralysis, loss of sensation, blindness, loss of speech

The primary purpose of the ____ circuit is for the blood to release carbon dioxide and absorb atmospheric oxygen.

pulmonary

The interosseous arteries of the forearm are located between the bones called the ___ and the ___.

radius and ulna

The physiological functions of vasoreflexes are to:

regulate blood pressure & modify perfusion to an organ or tissue

List 4 areas that would experience impaired blood flow if a thrombus lodged in the external carotid artery.

scalp, tongue, teeth, thyroid gland

Lipid-___ substances diffuse easily through the plasma membrane, while lipid-___ substances must use channel proteins.

soluble;insoluble

Which of the following can easily diffuse through the plasma membrane?

steroid hormones carbon dioxide oxygen

Which of these arteries, that branch from the thoracic aorta, directly supply blood to the muscles, bones, and skin of the chest wall?

superior phrenic arteries, subcostal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries

Veins have ____ that ensure the one way flow of blood.

valves

The vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called:

veins

Postcapillary ____ are the smallest of the veins.

venules