A&P2 Learnsmart Ch 20 (Blood Vessels)
List the branches of the aortic arch listing the most proximal branch first and the most distal branch last.
1. Brachiocephalic trunk 2. Left common carotid 3.Left subclavian
List the following vessels in order of those that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressure:
1. aorta 2. systemic artery 3. capillary 4. venule 5. systemic vein 6. superior vena cava
List the principle regions of the aorta in the order of blood flow from the heart:
1. ascending aorta 2. aortic arch 3. descending aorta 4. thoracic aorta 5. abdominal aorta
Rank the arteries of the upper limb from proximal to distal:
1. axillary artery 2. brachial artery 3. radial artery 4. deep palmer arch
List the arteries in order as they descend and supply blood to the lower limb:
1. external iliac artery 2. femoral artery 3. Popliteal artery 4. anterior tibial artery 5. Dorsal artery
List the order of veins as blood would flow from the foot to the inferior vena cava:
1.Dorsal venous arch 2. Great saphenous vein 3.External illac vein 4. Common iliac vein 5. Inferior vena cava
List in order from superior to inferior, the arteries that branch off of the abdominal aorta:
1.Inferior phrenic arteries 2.Celiac Trunk 3.Superior mesenteric arteries 4.Renal arteries 5.Gonadal arteries 6.Common iliac arteries
Rank the types of veins from smallest to largest:
1.postcapillary venules 2.Muscular venuels 3.Medium veins 4.Venous Sinuses 5. Large veins
Describe the flow of a blood cell through the pulmonary circuit from the right ventricle:
1.pulmonary trunk 2. Pulmonary arteries 3. Lobar arteries 4. alveolar capillaries 5. Pulmonary veins 6. Left atrium
____ carry blood away from the heart.
Arteries
_____ are microscopic, thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins.
Capillaries
The narrowest type of vessel in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems that engages in fluid exchanges with surrounding tissues is called a(n)_____.
Capillary
All of the following are arterial pressure points that are easily palpated EXCEPT: common iliac artery, femoral artery, carotid artery, radial artery, brachial artery
Common iliac artery
______ pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heartbeats.
Diastolic
Hypertension is characterized by___ blood pressure.
High
A chemical that ____ urine output is called a diuretic.
Increases
Identify the tissues that comprise the caillary endothelium.
Loose connective & simple squamous epithelium
Hypotension is characterized by ___ blood pressure.
Low
Vasoconstriction primarily results from contraction of the tunica ___.
Media
Which of these arteries, that branch from the thoracic aorta, directly supply blood to the viscera of the thorax?
Mediastinal arteries, bronchial arteries, esophageal arteries
____ venules receive blood from the postcapillary venules.
Muscular
_____ venules receive blood from capillaries.
Postcapillaries
Shortly after leaving the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic trunk branches into the:
Right common carotid artery & Right subclavian artery
___ are irregular blood-filled spaces in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and some other organs.
Sinusoids
Which vessel layer exhibits vasoreflexes?
Tunica Media
Which vessel layer exhibits vasoreflexes?
Tunica media
An anatomical convergence where two blood vessels merge and combine their bloodstreams is known as a(n)____.
anastomosis
The growth of new blood vessels is called____.
angiogenesis
The thorax receives blood from several arteries which arise directly from the ___.
aorta
The left common carotid artery branches off of the:
aortic arch
A small vessel that empties into a capillary is a(n):
arteriole
The smallest resistance arteries are called____.
arterioles
Degenerative changes of the blood vessels characterized by the presence of atheromas and often leading to calcification of the vessel wall is known as___.
atherosclerosis
Growth of lipid deposits in the arterial walls resulting in an increase in blood pressure can be described as:
atherosclerosis
The ability of a tissue to adjust its own blood supply through vasomotion or angiogenesis is known as____.
autoregulation
A ___ is an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure.
baroreflex
If a thrombus blocked blood flow in the deep brachial atery, blood could still reach the forearm via the:
brachial artery &superior ulnar collateral artery
The superior vena cava is formed by the union of the 2 ______ veins.
brachiocephalic
Fluid exchange mainly occurs in:
capillaries
The 3 basic types of blood vessels are:
capillaries, arteries, and veins
Capillaries are organized into networks called:
capillary beds
Which of the following are examples of sensory structures located inside arterial walls?
chemoreceptors & baroreceptors
Molecules spontaneously move down their concentration gradient during:
diffusion
The basal lamina is the non-cellular, proteinacious material that surrounds the capillary _____ cells and separates it from adjacent connective tissue.
endothelial
The ___ acts as a selectively permeable barrier to materials entering or leaving the bloodstream.
endothelium
The outermost layer of the blood vessel is the tunica:
externa
Which 3 pairs of veins drain the majority of blood from the head and neck?
external jugular, vertebral vein, & internal jugular
Transient ischemic attacks are characterized by:
headache, temporary dizziness, temporary paralysis, temporary loss of vision, temporary weakness
Venous return refers to the flow of blood back to the:
heart
Which of the following are vasoactive chemicals?
histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins
Chemicals given off of by the systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues often include:
hormones, oxygen, amino acids, glucose
An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood is known as ___.
hypercapnia
A deficiency of oxygen in any tissue is known as___.
hypoxia
Peripheral resistance ___ the flow of blood.
impedes
The tunica ____ lines the inside of the vessel and is exposed to the blood.
interna
Which of these would be classfied as large veins? great saphenous vein, ulnar vein,, internal jugular veins, superior vena cava, pulmonary veins, renal veins
internal jugular vein, superior vena cava, pulmonary veins, renal veins
Edema is the accumulation of excess ____ fluid.
interstitial
Identify the 3 primary branches of the celiac trunk:
left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery
The common iliac arteries supply blood to the:
lower limbs & pelvic wall
Among arteries and veins, the tunica____ is usually the thickest.
media
The visceral branches of the thoracic aorta include:
mediastinal arteries, esophageal arteries, bronchial arterie
The effects of a stroke or cerebrovascular accident can include:
paralysis, loss of sensation, blindness, loss of speech
The primary purpose of the ____ circuit is for the blood to release carbon dioxide and absorb atmospheric oxygen.
pulmonary
The interosseous arteries of the forearm are located between the bones called the ___ and the ___.
radius and ulna
The physiological functions of vasoreflexes are to:
regulate blood pressure & modify perfusion to an organ or tissue
List 4 areas that would experience impaired blood flow if a thrombus lodged in the external carotid artery.
scalp, tongue, teeth, thyroid gland
Lipid-___ substances diffuse easily through the plasma membrane, while lipid-___ substances must use channel proteins.
soluble;insoluble
Which of the following can easily diffuse through the plasma membrane?
steroid hormones carbon dioxide oxygen
Which of these arteries, that branch from the thoracic aorta, directly supply blood to the muscles, bones, and skin of the chest wall?
superior phrenic arteries, subcostal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries
Veins have ____ that ensure the one way flow of blood.
valves
The vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called:
veins
Postcapillary ____ are the smallest of the veins.
venules