A&P:Ch9:Joints

The knee joint is stabilized by ________ major ligaments.

7

Mike falls off his skateboard and sprains his ankle. Which of the following most likely occurs with this type of accident?

A ligament is stretched and collagen fibers in the ligament are damaged

Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? A) The matrix begins to break down. B) The exposed surface appears rough. C) Friction in the joint increases. D) Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue. E) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is one of the four major types of synarthrotic joints? A) suture B) gomphosis C) synchondrosis D) synostosis E) All of the answers are correct.

E

Joints can be classified structurally as A) bony. B) fibrous. C) cartilaginous. D) synovial. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following types of movement are not permitted at a synovial joint? A) eversion B) flexion C) retraction D) gliding E) They are all permitted.

E) They are all permitted.

Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because

Medial meniscus

Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?

Opening the mouth

Which of the following is false?

The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.

The supraspinous ligament is

a longitudinal fibrous band that is attached to the tips of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum.

The flava ligament is

a paired ligament that connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae.

Pronation is defined as

a rolling of the distal epiphysis of the radius over the ulna.

A movement away from the midline of the body is called

abduction

Which ligament connects the clavicle and the acromion?

acromioclavicular

In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci

act as cushions between the articulating surfaces.

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

amphiarthrosis

The fibrocartilage outer layer of the intervertebral disc is called the

annulus fibrosus

In nursemaids elbow the radial head is dislocated from the

anular ligament

Bursae are found in all of the following areas except

around blood vessels

The interspinous ligament is

band of fibrous tissue connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae.

Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?

bending the elbow

The normal movement of the knee joint during walking involves

both flexion and extension

The surface of articular cartilage is

both slick and smooth

A ________ is a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe.

bunion

Structurally, the pubic symphysis is classified as a ________ articulation.

cartilaginous

Identify the incorrect pair.

chondrosis; freely moving joint

The joint between the forearm bones and the wrist is a ________ joint.

condylar

The joints that connect the four fingers with the metacarpal bones are

condylar joints

Which of the following ligaments assists in stabilization of the shoulder joint?

coracoacromial and coracoclavicular ligaments

Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints?

covered by a serous membrane

Which of the following is not a property of articular cartilage?

covered by perichondrium

The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the tibia and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the ________ ligaments.

cruciate

The movement of a body part downward is called

depression

A freely movable joint is a(n)

diarthrosis

A synovial joint is an example of a(n)

diarthrosis

A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.

dislocation

All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints except

dorsiflexion

Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is

dorsiflexion

The movement of a body part upward is called

elevation

Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food?

elevation

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as

eversion

________ is a type of angular movement that increases the angle between articulating bones.

extension

A collagenous type of connective tissue that reinforces the synovial joint and is found outside the joint capsule is called the

extracapsular ligament

Which of the following movements is a good example of hyperextension?

extreme bending of the head backwards

The structures that assist the bursae in reducing friction between the patella and other tissues are the

fat pads

Usually found outside the capsule, ________ protect the articular cartilages and act as packing material for the joint.

fat pads

The posterior longitudinal ligament is

fibrous band that connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies.

Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to

fibrous cartilage

Curling into the "fetal position" ________ the intervertebral joints.

flexes

________ is a type of angular movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones.

flexion

Nodding your head "yes" is an example of

flexion and extension

Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in

flexion of forearm

The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the

foot

The joints between vertebrae are examples of ________ joints.

gliding

Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones?

gliding

Dense fibrous connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n)

gomphosis

The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a

gomphosis

Monaxial joints are known as ________ joints.

hinge

The ankle joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

hinge

The elbow joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

hinge

The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the

humero-ulnar joint

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

hyperextension

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid?

increases osmotic pressure within joint

A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, called

inversion

The movement of rotating a limb outward is called ________ rotation.

lateral

The three functions of synovial fluid are nutrient distribution, shock absorption, and

lubrication

The movement of rotating a limb toward the anterior surface of the body is called ________ rotation.

medial

________ subdivide synovial cavities, channel the flow of synovial fluid, and allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces.

menisci

In a triaxial articulation,

movement can occur in all three axes

The gelatinous core of an intervertebral disc is called the

nucleus pulposus

To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called

opposition

The ligament that encloses the ________ attaches to the tibial tuberosity.

patella

The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ________ ligament.

patellar

The atlantoaxial joint is an example of a ________ joint.

pivot

Which of the following types of joints is monaxial, but capable of only rotation?

pivot

Identify the incorrect pair.

pivot joint; hip joint

Ankle extension is also called

plantar flexion

Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes?

plantar flexion

The back of the knee joint is reinforced by ________ ligaments.

popliteal

You ________ your mandible when you grasp your upper lip with your lower teeth.

protract

The "rotator cuff" of the shoulder functions to

reinforce the joint capsule and limit the range of movements.

An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the

ribs with the sternum

The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a ________ joint.

saddle

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint.

shoulder

Which of the following joints is an example of a ball-and-socket joint?

shoulder

Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction?

spreading the fingers

The movement of the forearm while twisting a doorknob is

supination and pronation

The intervertebral disc joint is called a

symphysis

Which of the following is not a type of synovial joint?

symphysis

A suture is an example of a(n)

synarthrosis

An immovable joint is a(n)

synarthrosis

A ligamentous connection such as an antebrachial interosseous membrane is called a

syndesmosis

An epiphyseal line is an example of a

synostosis

Which of the following is not considered an accessory synovial structure?

synovial membrane

Which one of the following is not a stabilizing factor of synovial joints?

synovial membrane

Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because

the knee contains seven major ligaments

The elbow joint is extremely stable because

the ulna and humerus interlock

The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the ________ ligament.

tibial collateral

Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?

turning the hand palm upward

The anterior longitudinal ligament is

wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.