A&PII Digestive System

Normal gut flora: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Aid in the production of some vitamins. B. Have more cells that all of the human cells in the body. C. Affect the development of the immune system. D. Digest complex carbohydrates.

A. Aid in the production of some vitamins. B. Have more cells that all of the human cells in the body. C. Affect the development of the immune system. D. Digest complex carbohydrates.

Which of the following nutrients are commonly found in human food? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Fats

A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Fats

Digestion refers to the process by which: A. Complex molecules are broken down into simple ones. B. More complex molecules are formed from simple ones. C. Nutrients are absorbed through the wall of the stomach. D. Nutrients are absorbed through the wall of the small intestine. E. There is secretion of special enzymes from the liver into the small intestine.

A. Complex molecules are broken down into simple ones.

In response to stretch/distension of the duodenum: A. Gastric contractions decrease. B. Gastric secretions increase. C. Peristalsis in the fundus increases. D. Small intestine contractions decrease. E. The pancreas secretes HCO_{3} ions.

A. Gastric contractions decrease.

What is/are the result of gastritis, an inflammation of the mucosal layer? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Gastric secretions may decrease B. Pain information will be relayed through the enteric nervous system C. Digestion will be impaired D. Changes in gastric motility

A. Gastric secretions may decrease B. Pain information will be relayed through the enteric nervous system C. Digestion will be impaired D. Changes in gastric motility

Which of the following cranial nerves stimulates saliva production? A. Glossopharyngeal B. Vagus C. Trigeminal D. Abducens E. All of the above

A. Glossopharyngeal

Which of the following is an example of the gastric phase of gastric digestion? A. Increased HCl secretion in response to Gastrin. B. Increased secretion of proteolytic enzymes by the pancreas. C. The enterogastric reflex. D. The hormone CCK causes a decrease in gastric secretion. E. The smell of food initiates secretion of HCl.

A. Increased HCl secretion in response to Gastrin.

Which of the following are produced in the gastric pit? A. Mucus B. Chyme C. Alkaline buffer D. Glucose

A. Mucus

Peristalsis differs from segmentation in that: A. Peristalsis pushes food through the digestive system, segmentation does not. B. Peristalsis mixes food in the stomach and segmentation pushes it out. C. Peristalsis only occurs in the stomach, segmentation occurs throughout the GI system. D. Segmentation mixes food in the stomach whereas peristalsis pushes blood through arteries. E. Peristalsis is voluntary, segmentation is involuntary.

A. Peristalsis pushes food through the digestive system, segmentation does not.

The role of the epiglottis in the swallowing reflex is to: A. Prevent food from entering the lung. B. Initiate swallowing through touch receptors. C. Prevent food from entering the nose. D. Provide conscious control of swallowing.

A. Prevent food from entering the lung.

Swallowing is controlled by which of the following nerves? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Trigeminal B. Glossopharyngeal C. Oculomotor D. Vagus

A. Trigeminal B. Glossopharyngeal D. Vagus

Which of the following is not an accessory tissue or organ that aids in the digestion of food? A. Gall bladder B. Liver C. Olfactory epithelium D. Pancreas

C. Olfactory epithelium

What can you deduce from the fact that the large intestine wall is composed of simple columnar epithelia? A. The large intestine is the major site of digestion of small peptides into single amino acids. B. The large intestine is the major site of carbohydrate absorption. C. Water absorption by the large intestine does not require plicae. D. The large intestine is the major site of acid and enzyme secretion.

C. Water absorption by the large intestine does not require plicae.

Amino acids are absorbed from the small intestine into ______, which delivers them to the ______. A. Central vein; intestinal villus B. Lymphatic system; systemic venous circulation C. Hepatic artery; liver D. Hepatic portal vein; liver E. Hepatic vein; heart

D. Hepatic portal vein; liver

Bile is produced by the ______________ and stored in the ______________. A. Gallbladder, liver B. Liver, small intestine C. Small intestine, liver D. Liver, gallbladder

D. Liver, gallbladder

The innermost layer within the digestive tract is the ___________. A. Serosa B. Submucosa C. Mesenteries D. Mucosa E. Muscularis externa

D. Mucosa

Which of the following does not occur during the cephalic phase? A. Saliva secretion in the mouth B. Stomach growling C. Secretion of mucus in the stomach D. Release of secretin from the small intestine

D. Release of secretin from the small intestine

What structure(s) in her mouth are the cause of the intense pain? A. Teeth B. Tonsils C. Uvula D. Salivary gland

D. Salivary gland

Chyme moves ______ through the small intestine because ______ . A. Rapidly; peristaltic contractions predominate in this region B. Rapidly; the frequency of segmentation contractions is higher in the ileum than in the duodenum C. Slowly; peristaltic contractions predominate in this region D. Slowly; the frequency of segmentation contractions is higher in the jejunum than in the ileum

D. Slowly; the frequency of segmentation contractions is higher in the jejunum than in the ileum

The intestinal phase is triggered by ____________. A. The sight, smell and taste of food B. The presence of food in the stomach C. The secretion of hormones by the pancreas D. The presence of chyme in the small intestine

D. The presence of chyme in the small intestine

Which of the following are most rapidly cleared from the stomach after eating? A. Fats B. Proteins C. Carbohydrates D. Water

D. Water

The teniae coli is a specialization of ______________ smooth muscle.

Longitudinal

During which phase of swallowing does food enter the stomach? A. Voluntary phase B.Pharyngeal phase C. Esophageal phase

C. Esophageal phase

Which of the following is not a normal function of the stomach? A. Absorption of alcohol. B. Absorption of amino acids. C. Temporary storage of food. D. Mixing of food with stomach secretions. E. Emptying of chyme into the small intestine.

B. Absorption of amino acids.

Mesenteries: A. Are the sites of extensive food absorption. B. Anchor the small intestine to the peritoneal wall. C. Are avascular. D. Are the sites of extensive food digestion. E. Are the paths by which solid wastes leave the body.

B. Anchor the small intestine to the peritoneal wall.

The products of protein digestion are resynthesized into protein within intestinal epithelial cells, and packaged for transport in the lymph. A. True B. False

B. False

Peristalsis differs from segmentation in that: A. Peristalsis mixes food in the stomach and segmentation pushes it out. B. Peristalsis pushes food through the small intestine, segmentation does not. C. Peristalsis only occurs in the stomach, segmentation occurs throughout the GI system. D. Segmentation mixes food in the stomach whereas peristalsis pushes blood through arteries. E. Segmentation only occurs in the small intestine.

B. Peristalsis pushes food through the small intestine, segmentation does not.

Acid formation in the stomach is a result of _________. A. Absorption B. Secretion C. Peristaltic contractions D. Segmentation contractions

B. Secretion

Lacteals: A. Are found within submucosal layer. B. Surround capillaries, venules, and lymphatic vessels. C. Are optimized for secretion. D. Are under the regulation of the myenteric plexus. E. Are found within mesenteries.

B. Surround capillaries, venules, and lymphatic vessels.

Which of the following statement about protein utilization in humans is false? A. Not all amino acids must be obtained through the diet. B. Metabolism of amino acids can result in NH4+ formation. C. Amino acids can be stored in the liver. D. Amino acids are a poor source of energy. E. Protein needs to be part of a daily diet because of replacement of damaged or old proteins.

C. Amino acids can be stored in the liver.

Which of the following is not a normal function of the large intestine? A. Microbiome fermentation of starches to small organic molecules B. Inhibition of the the growth of pathogenic bacteria C. Absorption of water D. Microbiome metabolism of sterols and steroids E. Absorption of nutrients

E. Absorption of nutrients

Which of the following are secreted into the large intestine? A. HCl B. Pepsinogen C. Pepsin D. CO_2 ​E. Mucus

E. Mucus

Which of the following is NOT associated with bile? A. Amphipathic B. Bilirubin C. Cholesterol salts D. Emulsification E. Synthesis in gall bladder

E. Synthesis in gall bladder

What is the role of the pharynx? A. It is the voice box. B. It is the site of red blood cell production. C. To connect the mouth directly to the lungs. D. To provide gas exchange with body tissues. E. To act as a pathway for CO2 to leave the body.

E. To act as a pathway for CO2 to leave the body.