Ab psych exam 3
substance use disorder
pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated substance use
D
A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing: A) intoxication. B) hallucinosis. C) withdrawal symptoms. D) tolerance.
D
A person who intentionally produces or fakes physical symptoms simply out of a wish to be a patient might be diagnosed with a: A) psychotic disorder. B) stress disorder. C) conversion disorder. D) factitious disorder.
B
Phillip has repeated and intense sexual urges to rub his genitals against women in crowded subways. He probably has: A) sexual sadism. B) frotteuristic disorder. C) exhibitionism. D) voyeurism.
D
Vaginismus and dyspareunia are considered disorders of sexual: A) resolution. B) desire. C) arousal. D) pain.
A
What is the first type of food usually eliminated from the diet of a person who is developing restricting-type anorexia? A) sweets B) breads C) nuts and grains D) meat
D
What theory explains how the sight of a hypodermic needle can comfort a person who is dependent on heroin? A) operant conditioning B) cognitive dissonance C) opponent-process D) classical conditioning
B
Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in either low or high levels? A) testosterone B) estrogen C) progesterone D) prolactin
diathesis stress model
a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event
binge eating disorder
repeated eating binges during which the individual feels no control over eating with no compensatory behavior
stimulant
cocaine
depressants
slow activity of the CNS, reduce tension, interfere with judgement, motor activity, and concentration
secondary gain
in psychodynamic theory, the gain bodily symptoms allow people to avoid unpleasant activities or gain sympathy
compensatory behavior
vomiting, laxatives, fasting, exercising
D
The starting body weight of a person who develops anorexia nervosa is typically: A) significantly underweight. B) underweight or normal weight. C) obese. D) slightly overweight or normal weight.
C
Thomas always checks his blood pressure multiple times a day. Whenever he sees any change in numbers, he believes it is a sign of a developing heart attack. This is an example of: A) hysterical disorder. B) body dysmorphic disorder. C) illness anxiety disorder. D) Munchausen syndrome.
stimulant
amphetamines
sexual dysfunction
people cannot respond normally in the desire, excitement, or orgasm stage of the sexual response cycle
binge eating purging anorexia
type of anorexia where the individual forces themselves to vomit
C
Neelah is a long-time serious drinker. In the last year she has started having huge memory lapses. When this happens, she makes up wild stories to help her fill in what she does not remember. This symptom is called: A) Wernicke's encephalopathy. B) Korsakoff's syndrome. C) confabulation. D) alcohol-induced psychotic disorder.
interpersonal psychotherapy
a form of psychotherapy to treat bulimia that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships
hallucinogen
LSD
D
LaTisha experiences little sexual response to erotic cues and physical stimulation. She is MOST likely experiencing: A) vaginismus. B) hypersexuality. C) gender dysphoria. D) female sexual interest/arousal disorder.
C
Linda had normal sexual functioning for many years. However, over time she began to have trouble becoming aroused, no matter what the situation. This type of dysfunction would be called: A) acquired and situational. B) lifelong and situational. C) acquired and generalized. D) lifelong and generalized.
sexual sadism
paraphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with inflicting pain or humiliation
rewards
in cognitive-behavioral theory, when physical symptoms yield benefits to the sufferer
C
So many soldiers received morphine injections during the Civil War that addiction to morphine was known as: A) skin popping. B) the wartime plague. C) the "soldier's disease." D) an early codeine.
C
What statement BEST describes modern sex therapy? A) It is long term and insight-oriented. B) It does not make use of biological approaches. C) It is short term and instructive. D) It is psychodynamic in approach.
D
Studies show that students living in substance-free dorms engage in binge drinking about ____ as often as students living in fraternity or sorority houses. A) 75 percent B) 10 percent C) 25 percent D) 50 percent
C
What is the primary motivation of people with anorexia nervosa? A) the desire to be thin B) a death wish C) fear D) a preoccupation with food
A
What is the significance of the 1940s study by Keys et al. in which healthy individuals placed on a semistarvation diet developed a preoccupation with food? A) This study supports the idea that a preoccupation with food is a result of starvation. B) This study demonstrates that a preoccupation with food is a natural event and not of medical concern. C) This study shows that healthy individuals are likely to develop anorexia nervosa when placed on a semistarvation diet. D) This study suggests that a preoccupation with food is a distinguishing characteristic between those with anorexia nervosa and
B
A friend has done some heavy drinking and asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. The response that is MOST appropriate is: A) Drink coffee, lots of coffee. B) Stop drinking. C) Take an ice-cold shower. D) Drink carbonated soda.
B
A newly developed drug causes users to lose some muscle control and slur their words. The drug also results in a slowing of central nervous system activity. MOST likely this drug is a: A) polydrug. B) depressant. C) stimulant. D) hallucinogen.
frotteuristic disorder
A paraphilic disorder consisting of repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve touching and rubbing against a non-consenting person.
A
A person who experiences vomiting and shaking when she tries to stop drinking alcohol has developed: A) withdrawal reactions. B) increased tolerance. C) intoxication. D) hallucinosis.
A
A woman with anorexia has lanugo. What has happened? A) She has grown fine silky hair on her body. B) Her menstrual cycle has become irregular. C) She has lost body hair. D) She has developed double vision.
D
A young girl has been hospitalized due to a serious illness. Later, it's found that her mother had been giving her higher than normal doses of medication and contaminating her feeding tube. This is an example of: A) multiple personality disorder B) Munchausen syndrome. C) Briquet's syndrome. D) Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
D
Ainsley has a drink in the morning on rising and a cocktail with breakfast. She usually sneaks a snort during the morning ("just to get through the day") and then drinks during lunch. Later, at home, she generally has a small dinner and sits in front of the TV drinking wine, often an entire bottle. Somehow she manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Ainsley is displaying: A) withdrawal. B) delirium tremens. C) binge drinking. D) substance use disorder.
D
Alcohol binds to receptors on neurons that normally receive: A) norepinephrine. B) serotonin. C) dopamine. D) GABA.
C
Alcohol is a factor in approximately _____ of all college dropouts. A) half B) one-tenth C) one-fourth D) one-third
B
Aline abuses drugs. After she undergoes a PET scan of her brain, her doctor tells her that she has reward deficiency syndrome. Which of these is a drug that directly stimulates the structures in Aline's reward circuit? A) opioids B) amphetamines C) alcohol D) marijuana
C
All of the following are believed to contribute to female arousal and orgasmic disorders EXCEPT: A) adhering to dating restrictions in adolescence. B) being told that enjoying sex is immoral. C) engaging in masturbation in childhood. D) having a religious upbringing
B
At lunch, Vincent, a patient in therapy, eats exactly 23 almonds, which he chews exactly 23 times each. This is a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to: A) substance abuse. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) depression. D) schizophrenia.
D
Cassandra is entering a treatment facility for bulimia nervosa. What will be the first priority in treating her? A) helping her accurately assess her body size B) stopping her negative internal dialogue and replacing it with empowering dialogue C) teaching her healthy coping mechanisms for managing stress D) correcting her disordered eating pattern
D
Certain professions are associated with increased risk for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Which professional would be at GREATEST risk of developing one of these eating disorders? A) teacher B) laborer C) chef D) actor
A
Charley brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Charley caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, wanting to gain attention and praise for her devoted care of her sick child. If this assessment is correct, the appropriate diagnosis is: A) Munchausen syndrome by proxy. B) Munchausen syndrome. C) a conversion disorder. D) a psychophysiological disorder
B
Cognitive-behavioral theorists propose that the physical symptoms of conversion and somatic disorders bring _____ to sufferers. A) punishment B) rewards C) emotional relief D) escape
A
Compared with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, the prevalence of binge-eating disorder is: A) higher than the rates for bulimia and anorexia. B) higher than the rate for bulimia but lower than the rate for anorexia. C) higher than the rate for anorexia but lower than the rate for bulimia. D) lower than the rates for bulimia and anorexia.
D
Dominic has never been able to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse, which means he would MOST likely be diagnosed with _____ erectile dysfunction. A) generalized B) acquired C) situational D) lifelong
A
Each of these phases of the human sexual response cycle are affected by sexual dysfunction EXCEPT: A) resolution. B) desire. C) excitement. D) orgasm.
B
Emily promises to help her child with homework but then takes drugs right after dinner. Emily falls asleep after the high and wakes up groggy and late for work. Her weekly brunch with friends is tomorrow, but Emily resolves to cancel because she'd prefer to do drugs and sleep in. Emily is experiencing: A) substance tolerance. B) substance use disorder. C) substance withdrawal. D) substance intoxication.
C
Engle is not able to reach orgasm with a partner, either through sexual intercourse or through the partner's manual stimulation. However, Engle easily orgasms when masturbating. Engle MOST likely would be diagnosed with a(n) _____ orgasmic disorder. A) acquired B) lifelong C) situational D) generalized
D
Females with bulimia tend to be more concerned about _____ than females with anorexia. A) restricting food intake B) controlling urges to eat C) avoiding shame D) pleasing others
C
Gus was involved in a serious car accident that killed his parents and his sibling. The next morning, Gus awoke and found that he could not see. This is an example of a(n): A) illness anxiety disorder. B) factitious disorder. C) conversion disorder. D) somatic symptom disorder with a predominant pain pattern.
D
Henry is drinking at a party. The first effects he experiences are changes in: A) the language center. B) motor control. C) memory. D) judgment.
D
How long does delirium tremens (the DTs) last? A) up to 10 days B) less than 24 hours C) about a week D) 2 or 3 days
C
If Ransom has hypoactive sexual desire disorder, he experiences all of these EXCEPT: A) a lack of interest in sexual activity. B) normal physical sexual responses. C) finding sexual activity repulsive. D) engagement in a low level of sexual activity.
D
If a person says, "I must be perfect in every way. I'll be a better person if I deprive myself of food," that person is engaging in: A) obsessive thinking. B) critical thinking. C) wishful thinking. D) distorted thinking.
D
If a person's bodily symptoms affect his or her voluntary motor and sensory functions, but the symptoms are inconsistent with any known medical disease, this condition is referred to as: A) malingering. B) selective symptomatology. C) illness anxiety disorder. D) conversion disorder.
A
In people with bulimia nervosa, binges are usually preceded by feelings of: A) tension. B) shame. C) low self-esteem. D) disgust.
B
In the treatment of anorexia nervosa, the objective of motivational interviewing is BEST described as seeking to: A) determine what motivated the person to diet in the first place. B) strengthen the person's motivation for change. C) evaluate the person's understanding of the treatment goals. D) establish rapport with the person early in the treatment process.
A
Individuals with anorexia nervosa often have which psychological problem? A) obsessive thoughts B) episodes of mania C) borderline personality disorder D) multiple phobias
B
Individuals with illness anxiety disorder typically receive the kinds of treatment that are applied to _____ disorder. A) major depressive B) obsessive-compulsive C) bipolar D) substance abuse
D
Ivan is very healthy, but he is distressed by his lack of interest in sexual activity and lack of sexual experiences over the past several years. He MOST likely is experiencing: A) sexual aversion. B) paraphilia. C) sexual repulsion. D) male hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
D
Martina has vivid sexual fantasies, but she is unable to experience either clitoral or labial swelling. She also cannot experience vaginal lubrication. What would be the MOST likely diagnosis? A) female orgasmic disorder B) frigidity C) vaginismus D) female sexual interest/arousal disorder
C
Melanie has been out with friends and using drugs. Despite being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence, she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of: A) hallucinosis. B) addiction. C) intoxication. D) physical dependence.
A
Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of: A) tolerance. B) withdrawal. C) dependence. D) resistance.
D
Most clinicians agree with the _____ explanation of the origins of vaginismus. A) psychodynamic B) biological C) sociocultural D) cognitive-behavioral
A
Munchausen syndrome by proxy is MOST likely to adversely affect the physical well-being of: A) the child of the person experiencing it. B) the medical personnel caring for the person experiencing it. C) the spouse of the person experiencing it. D) the person experiencing it.
C
Ophelia is a college-aged woman with a history of dieting. Over the past few months, she has drastically reduced how much food she consumes. She views her constant hunger pain as a positive sign that she is maintaining control over her eating. Even though her weight is now below average, Ophelia still views herself as overweight. As her health care provider, you suspect possible anorexia nervosa. Which other sign or symptoms would be present with anorexia nervosa? A) extroverted personality B) a history of mental illness C) fear of becoming overweight D) history of being a picky eater
D
Pat and Kelly each have five of the same cocktail. Pat gets very drunk. Kelly does not. Which factor would MOST likely account for this difference? A) Pat is healthier than Kelly. B) Pat is older than Kelly. C) Pat is non-Hispanic white, and Kelly is African American. D) Pat is a woman, and Kelly is a man.
A
People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to: A) overestimate their body size. B) underestimate their body size. C) correctly estimate their body size. D) vary in accuracy in estimating their body size.
B
People who frequently consume large quantities of food but do not perform inappropriate compensatory behavior may be struggling with which disorder? A) bulimia nervosa B) binge-eating disorder C) anorexia nervosa D) acute stress disorder
C
Priscilla is twenty-three years old and usually has a fairly high sex drive. Recently, she has experienced an unexpected drop in sex drive, although she doesn't have any new medical problems. What would be an important question to ask her before recommending psychotherapy? A) "Have you recently stopped using marijuana?" B) "Have you been exposed to high levels of testosterone lately?" C) "Have you recently started taking birth control pills?" D) "Have you experienced lower levels of prolactin lately?"
D
Quinten has been taking two different medications. Both meds have similar actions in the body. What could this cause? A) an antagonistic action B) pharmacologic potentiation C) a polysubstance rush D) a synergistic effect
A
Regular use of opioids may reduce the brain's production of: A) endorphins. B) anandamides. C) dopamine. D) GABA.
D
Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples: A) generally are more severe than among heterosexual couples. B) are virtually nonexistent. C) include two distinct categories not included among heterosexual dysfunctions. D) are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples.
pedophillic disorder
Sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors focused on prepubescent children
D
Some clinicians treat premature ejaculation with _____ drugs because those treatments often reduce sexual arousal or orgasm. A) antianxiety B) antierection C) antipsychotic D) antidepressant
C
Sometimes two or more drugs are so similar in their actions on the brain and the body that as people build a tolerance for one drug, they are simultaneously developing a tolerance for the other. This is known as: A) polysubstance disorder. B) comorbidity. C) cross-tolerance. D) synergism.
A
Sonia has been stressed at work. As soon as she gets home, she compulsively eats everything that she can find. Next, she will likely feel: A) guilty. B) cognitively sluggish. C) content. D) unsatiated.
D
Studies indicate that _____ percent of women have never had an orgasm. A) 37 B) 65 C) 25 D) 10
C
The BEST example of malingering is a person who: A) pretends to have an illness to get sympathy. B) fakes an illness because he or she enjoys being a patient. C) feigns an illness to achieve some external gain, such as financial compensation. D) falsely claims to have a terminal illness.
A
The MOST appropriate approach for treating an individual with fetishism is: A) masturbatory satiation. B) drug therapy. C) sensate focus. D) use of a snap gauge band during sleep.
D
The belief that people with voyeurism are seeking to gain power over others by their actions is a _____ perspective. A) cognitive behavioral B) sociocultural C) biological D) psychodynamic
C
The combined impact of different drugs multiplying or potentiating each other's effects is known as the _____ effect. A) double-bind B) potentiation C) synergistic D) cross-tolerance
A
The decline of sexual activity in older adult men is usually attributed to: A) age and failing health. B) the death of a spouse. C) experiencing no sexual fantasies. D) reporting lack of sexual interest.
C
The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular use of some chemical or drug is called: A) intoxication disorder. B) tolerance. C) substance use disorder. D) hallucinosis.
A
The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to: A) result from starvation. B) be the underlying cause of the disorder. C) result from overeating. D) be more pronounced in younger children with anorexia.
D
The psychological disorder that anorexia nervosa MOST resembles is: A) narcissistic personality disorder. B) borderline personality disorder C) a simple phobia. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B
The scarring of the liver caused by alcohol consumption is known as: A) vasoconstriction. B) cirrhosis. C) hemorrhaging. D) Korsakoff's syndrome.
C
The segment of the U.S. population with the lowest prevalence of alcoholism is: A) African American males. B) non-Hispanic white females. C) Asian males and females. D) non-Hispanic white males.
A
The significant clinical difference between binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa is that individuals with binge-eating disorder: A) do not engage in purging behaviors. B) binge much less frequently. C) lack emotion after a binge-eating episode. D) do not feel out of control during a binge episode.
D
The typical person with transvestism is almost always: A) pedophilic. B) homosexual. C) effeminate. D) heterosexual.
D
Today's leading explanations for conversion and somatic symptom disorders come from the: A) psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral models. B) cognitive-behavioral model. C) psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and eclectic models. D) psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and multicultural models.
D
Two people of the same gender consume the same amount of alcohol in the same amount of time. Nevertheless, one of them sobers up substantially sooner than the other. MOST likely, this difference is due to differences in: A) breathing rate; people who breathe more often can exhale the carbon dioxide by-product of alcohol metabolism faster. B) food intake, specifically food eaten immediately after drinking concluded. C) activity level while drinking; increased activity increases the metabolism rate. D) liver function; some people's livers metabolize alcohol faster than others' livers.
D
What is the effect of vomiting after a binge episode? A) Bingeing increases the body's metabolism. B) The body releases glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). C) Bingeing increases the level of satiety that the person experiences. D) The individual loses about half of the calories consumed during the binge.
A
What is the most immediate danger of heroin use? A) an overdose B) delirium tremens C) methadone toxicity D) being arrested
C
What use disorder has aversion therapy primarily been used to treat? A) heroin B) cocaine C) alcohol D) nicotine
B
When Marigold sees her healthcare provider for treatment of an allergy, her healthcare provider tells her that her symptoms are factitious. Marigold will most likely: A) take measures that increase the intensity of her original symptoms. B) leave the facility and immediately seek treatment from a different physician. C) produce false medical records to support her original symptoms. D) create new symptoms that are more difficult to disprove.
B
When treating a patient with erectile disorder, the clinician should measure _____ to determine whether physical factors are responsible for the condition. A) masturbatory arousal B) nocturnal penile tumescence C) spectator role D) performance anxiety
C
Which of these was used as a cough medicine before its addictive properties became known? A) opium B) whiskey C) heroin D) cannabis
C
Which statement is TRUE regarding treatment of bulimia nervosa? A) Antidepressant drugs are not effective in patients who purge via laxatives or enemas. B) Treatment with antidepressant drugs is more effective than psychotherapy. C) Antidepressant drugs used in combination with psychotherapy are more effective than either treatment alone. D) Antidepressant drugs do not help prevent the person from engaging in purging behaviors.
D
Which term is applied to an individual who demonstrates a pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of a substance? A) substance intoxication B) substance overdose C) substance abuse D) substance use disorder
gambling disorder
a disorder marked by persistent and recurrent gambling behavior, leading to a range of life problems
depressant
alcohol
Nutritional rehabilitation
anorexia treatment where the client gains weight quickly to return to health
cognitive-behavioral
aversion therapy, contingency management, relapse prevention training, and acceptance and commitment therapy to treat addiction
Stimulants
increase CNS activity
bulimia nervosa
limited period of time of uncontrollable overeating
depressant
opiods
sexual masochism
paraphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with experiencing pain or humiliation
voyeuristic disorder
paraphilic disorder in which sexual arousal is derived from observing unsuspecting individuals undressing or naked
paraphillias
people repeatedly have intense sexual urges or display sexual behaviors involving objects or situations outside usual sexual norms
societal pressures
says that western standards for female beauty cause eating disorders
contingency management
treatment for addiction where undesirable behavior is not reinforced, while desirable behavior is reinforced
Biofeedback
treatment for somatic symptom disorder where electrical signals from the body train people to control physiological processes
relaxation training
treatment for somatic symptom disorder where physical relaxation can lead to psychological relaxation
restricting type anorexia
type of anorexia where the individual restricts their intake
acceptance and commitment therapy
A therapeutic approach designed to foster nonjudgmental observation of one's own mental processes about addiction.
D
Hysterical disorders are forms of communication; they provide the person with a means for expressing emotions that would otherwise be difficult to convey. This statement BEST reflects the perspective of _____ theorists. A) biological B) psychodynamic C) humanistic D) cognitive-behavioral
C
In a person who has an unusually long resolution phase of the sexual response cycle, which of these is MOST likely? A) The person is a teenager. B) The person is a man. C) The person did not have an orgasm. D) The person was never aroused.
C
Jonas has a sexual dysfunction. Which phase of the sexual response cycle would he NOT experience difficulty with? A) the orgasm phase B) the desire phase C) the resolution phase D) the excitement phase
A
When Keanu seeks treatment for premature ejaculation, his therapist is MOST likely to recommend: A) the stop-start procedure. B) masturbatory prohibition. C) Viagra. D) sensate focus.
C
Which condition is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa? A) anxiety B) low self-esteem C) a personality disorder D) substance abuse
A
Which hormone has NOT been linked to hypoactive sexual desire? A) oxytocin B) testosterone C) estrogen D) prolactin
A
Which is NOT a compensatory behavior for someone with bulimia? A) liquid-only diet B) excessive exercise C) use of diuretics D) forced vomiting
C
A patient is seeing a therapist to treat low sexual desire. During the session, the therapist instructs the patient to imagine different sexual scenarios to discover any sex-related anxiety or vulnerability. What technique is this therapist using? A) sensate focus B) tease technique C) affectual awareness D) self-instruction training
D
A person with _____ experiences severe pain in the genitals during sexual activity. A) nocturnal penile tumescence B) frotteurism C) vaginismus D) dyspareunia
A
A person with a gambling disorder is more likely to gamble when he or she is: A) distressed. B) tired. C) happy. D) hungry.
A
All of the following are possible causes of dyspareunia EXCEPT: A) misshapen genitalia. B) semen allergies. C) wiry pubic hair. D) vaginal infection.
B
Although Arlene had experienced normal sexual functioning for years, she began experiencing problems with arousal when she was with her long-term partner. This type of dysfunction would be called: A) lifelong and situational. B) acquired and situational. C) acquired and generalized. D) lifelong and generalized.
A
Andy, who is dependent on alcohol, is experiencing delirium tremens. This reaction is: A) uncommon, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking. B) common, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking. C) uncommon, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking. D) common, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking.
C
Flora has never experienced normal sexual functioning or arousal with her husband. However, she has found she could be aroused when with other men. This type of dysfunction would be called: A) lifelong and generalized. B) acquired and generalized. C) lifelong and situational. D) acquired and situational.
D
Josiah is a cellist preparing for his audition at Julliard, a world-renowned music school. The night before his audition, Josiah suffers an abrupt paralysis in his right arm. He has no known medical conditions that are associated with this symptom. This description MOST closely aligns with: A) pain disorder associated with psychological factors. B) factitious disorder. C) somatization disorder. D) conversion disorder.
D
Which disorder is considered by law enforcement to be a form of child abuse? A) illness anxiety disorder B) factitious disorder C) conversion disorder D) Munchausen syndrome by proxy
D
Which of these is a depressant? A) cocaine B) LSD C) amphetamines D) opioids
B
Which statement BEST describes eating disorders in men? A) Men and women develop eating disorders in similar ways for similar reasons. B) Male eating disorders are often linked to the requirements and pressures of a job or a sport. C) Eating disorders are easier to treat in men. D) Men are significantly more likely to develop anorexia nervosa than bulimia nervosa.
relapse-prevention training
a cognitive-behavioral approach to treating alcohol use disorder in which clients are taught to keep track of their drinking behavior, apply coping strategies in situations that typically trigger excessive drinking, and plan ahead for risky situations and reactions
A
A modern explanation of why many people with anorexia continually have food-related thoughts and dreams is that such thoughts and dreams: A) are the result of food deprivation. B) serve as a substitute for actual eating. C) fulfill basic needs of the id. D) help the individual limit food consumption while awake.
D
A patient consistently complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. After physical evaluation and close monitoring, the healthcare provider determines that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms in order to appear sick to fill some psychological need. This would be classified as a: A) conversion disorder. B) psychophysical disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) factitious disorder.
C
A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation center tells you a detailed story about growing up in the mountains of Tennessee. Later, you find out that the person had never even visited Tennessee. A day later you visit the patient again, and the patient does not recognize you. This patient is MOST likely suffering from: A) cirrhosis. B) withdrawal delirium. C) Korsakoff's syndrome. D) fetal alcohol syndrome.
B
A person who has anorexia nervosa has dry, rough, cracked skin and may develop lanugo. Why would you not expect to see these symptoms in someone with binge-eating disorder? A) These symptoms result from excessive, unhealthy levels of exercise. B) These symptoms result from nutritional deficiencies caused by starvation. C) These symptoms are the result of an overactive thyroid. D) These symptoms develop primarily in women.
A
A professional health-care provider has evidence that a patient has intentionally faked her illness. To determine whether the patient is malingering or experiencing a factitious disorder, what must be examined? A) the motivation the patient has for assuming the sick role B) the method the patient used to make herself ill C) who else, if anyone, the patient is making ill D) the severity of the symptoms the patient has experienced
12 step model
A recovery model of 12 core developmental "steps" first originated by Alcoholics Anonymous.
A
A risk factor for development of a psychophysiological disorder is: A) living in poverty. B) having more than one child. C) being employed in a white-collar field. D) living in a rural area.
D
A serious, irreversible condition affecting the liver that is associated with long-term excessive drinking is: A) delirium tremens. B) fetal alcohol syndrome. C) Korsakoff's syndrome. D) cirrhosis.
C
A therapist is treating a client for cocaine abuse. As part of the treatment, the therapist addresses the stresses that commonly lead to relapse. This therapist is MOST likely providing: A) psychodynamic therapy. B) maintenance drug therapy. C) culturally sensitive treatment. D) cognitive-behavioral treatment.
C
A therapist is treating a client who misuses alcohol. As part of the therapy, the therapist teaches her client how to recognize when he is almost at his drinking limit. This therapist is using: A) contingency management. B) acceptance and commitment therapy. C) relapse-prevention training. D) aversion therapy.
B
A therapist is treating a young woman with bulimia nervosa. Which treatment approach would the therapist use to break the binge-purge cycle seen with this condition? A) psychodynamic therapy B) exposure and response prevention C) systematic desensitization D) flooding
C
Four individuals are receiving treatment for anorexia nervosa. Which person is expected to have a better long-term prognosis? A) the person who had psychological or sexual problems before the onset of the disorder B) the person with troubled interpersonal relationships C) the person who is the youngest D) the person who lost the most weight and had anorexia the longest
C
Harrison, a 31-year-old man, is sexually aroused by wearing women's undergarments. He enjoys wearing a woman's thong when going out in public and likes to fantasize about wearing women's lingerie. Does Harrison meet the criteria for transvestic disorder? A) Yes; Harrison, a male, fantasizes about and wears women's clothing regularly. B) Probably; Harrison is aroused by his behavior, which suggests transvestic disorder. C) Probably not; there is no indication that Harrison is distressed by his fantasies or actions. D) No; Harrison enjoys dressing like a woman and therefore is transgender.
D
Having a background in medicine, but also a grudge against the profession, puts a person at risk for: A) amnesia conversion disorder. B) body dysmorphic disorder. C) somatic symptom disorder. D) a factitious disorder.
B
How do delirium tremens (DTs) differ from other withdrawal reactions? A) People who experience DTs are less likely to relapse. B) DTs are associated with serious health consequences that could result in death. C) There are no known medical procedures to assist someone experiencing DTs. D) DTs occur only after someone has completely quit alcohol, versus just reducing intake.
A
If low levels of alcohol may enhance the sex drive by lowering a person's inhibitions, high levels will: A) reduce it. B) have an impact only if the person is already engaged in sexual activity. C) enhance it further. D) have no effect on sex drive.
A
In the past, Shonda always experienced normal to above-normal levels of sexual desire. However, recently she feels that her sexual desire is much lower than normal. This would be considered a _____ sexual dysfunction. A) acquired B) generalized C) lifelong D) situational
A
Isaac has difficulty enjoying sexual intercourse because he is unable to respond normally in key areas of sexual functioning. He is most likely experiencing: A) sexual dysfunction. B) fetishism. C) pedophilia. D) homosexuality.
A
Isabella moves into a facility where she will undergo individual and group therapy while living, working, and socializing in a drug-free environment. This is an example of what kind of therapy? A) sociocultural B) humanistic C) cognitive-behavioral D) psychodynamic
C
Julian finally admits to himself that he has a problem with drinking, so looks into Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) for treatment. He finds that AA offers peer support along with moral and spiritual guidelines to help people overcome alcoholism. This treatment model is an example of what kind of approach? A) psychodynamic B) behavioral C) sociocultural D) cognitive
A
Karen intentionally induces her own symptoms by mistaking medications so that she can be admitted to hospitals and receive treatment. This behavior BEST reflects: A) Munchausen syndrome. B) hypochondriasis. C) psychophysiological insomnia. D) Briquet's syndrome.
B
Mason was a chronically ill child who was seen repeatedly in the emergency department for a number of ailments. After several visits, Mason was removed from his home and placed in foster care. While staying in foster care, Mason became quite healthy. In this case, one might suspect that the parent was experiencing: A) a somatoform disorder. B) a factitious disorder. C) a psychophysical disorder. D) malingering.
D
People who do not have anorexia and are placed on a starvation diet show many of the food preoccupations of people with anorexia nervosa. Which conclusions can be drawn from this finding? A) Preoccupation with food cannot be viewed as a defining characteristic of anorexia. B) Forced starvation increases the likelihood of developing anorexia nervosa. C) Restrictive diets cause anorexia nervosa. D) Preoccupation with food is likely the result of starvation, rather than the underlying cause of anorexia.
D
People with _____ have repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies in response to objects or situations that society deems inappropriate, and they may behave inappropriately as well in response to those urges. A) gender identity disorder B) abnormal object desire syndrome C) cross-sexual arousal disorder D) paraphilias
A
Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is engaging in: A) compensatory behaviors. B) enmeshment. C) exposure and response prevention. D) purging.
D
Someone who has Munchausen syndrome also, by definition, has: A) conversion disorder. B) somatic symptom disorder. C) Munchausen by proxy. D) a factitious disorder.
A
Someone who intentionally feigns an illness to receive external gain is described as someone who: A) is malingering. B) is experiencing somatization. C) has a factitious disorder. D) has an illness anxiety disorder.
D
The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by a compensatory behavior such as forced vomiting is called: A) obsession. B) anorexia nervosa. C) obesity. D) bulimia nervosa
D
The healthcare provider is examining a woman in the emergency department who is complaining of having bloody diarrhea. The healthcare provider discovers that the woman is inducing her own condition by taking laxatives and anticoagulant medication. When asked why, the woman notes "I like being a patient here." What is the best explanation for the woman's behavior? A) She has a psychophysical disorder. B) She has a somatic disorder. C)She is malingering. D) She has a factitious disorder.
C
When is bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa most likely to begin? A) upon entry into college, when fear of the "freshman fifteen" becomes overwhelming B) at the legal age to create social media accounts and engage with others online C) after a period of intense dieting that has been successful and has earned praise from others D) at the onset of puberty, when bodies change and begin taking on a more adult form
D
Which activity will have the greatest effect on making an intoxicated person sober? A) moderate to intense physical exertion B) taking a cold shower C) drinking strong, hot coffee D) taking a nap
C
Which characteristic is MOST consistent with anorexia nervosa? A) a refusal to think about food at all B) a distorted perception of others' sizes C) overestimating body size D) the view that one's body is too thin
B
Which characteristic is very common in individuals with anorexia nervosa but is significantly less common in those who have bulimia nervosa or binge eating? A) fear of becoming overweight B) loss of menstrual periods C) distortion of body image D) preoccupation with food
B
Which description BEST represents someone with bulimia nervosa? A) During periods of peak stress, a woman repeatedly finds herself devouring any sweets she can find: brownies, donuts, ice cream, and so on. She consumes thousands of calories in one sitting and immediately experiences guilt. B) A woman regularly tells herself that she is going to eat a small healthy meal but then commonly finds herself eating an entire pizza, a carton of ice cream, and a box of doughnuts at one sitting. She immediately feels shame and guilt and then forces herself to throw it all up. C) A woman concerned about putting on a few extra pounds decides to replace her usual junk food snacks with fruit and begins a new high-intensity exercise program. D) A woman carefully monitors everything she eats. She always skips breakfast and restricts meals to less than 200 calories. She avoids social situations at which food is likely to be served.
B
Which description is LEAST likely to characterize the behavior of someone experiencing anorexia nervosa? A) feeling oneself to be unattractively overweight B) a hesitancy to think about food C) a view that food deprivation makes one a better person D) careful preparation and planning of the food one eats during the day
A
Which drug increases the activity of the central nervous system? A) cocaine B) marijuana C) barbiturates D) alcohol
C
Which drug is NOT known to directly stimulate the brain's reward center? A) cocaine B) amphetamine C) heroin D) marijuana
B
Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of relapse in people who have recovered from bulimia nervosa? A) a history of substance abuse B) living alone C) an increased frequency of vomiting during their eating disorder D) longer history of bulimia nervosa before treatment
A
Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in low but not high levels? A) testosterone B) estrogen C) progesterone D) prolactin
D
Which individual is LEAST likely to suffer from factitious disorder? A) a man who has a subscription to the New England Journal of Medicine, even though he does not work in the medical field B) a woman who works as a nurse or a medical assistant C) a man who works as a full-time paramedic D) a woman who underwent successful surgery for ovarian cancer
B
Which individual would be MOST likely to receive a diagnosis of factitious disorder? A) someone who breaks a leg while skiing but tells friends and family that the injury occurred in a car accident B) someone who purposefully drinks gasoline and then seeks treatment for an unknown stomach ailment C) someone who engages in cutting and tries to hide it from everyone D) someone who has chronic nausea and vomiting due to high stress but denies that stress is a possible cause
C
Which is NOT an accurate statement about men who have exhibitionism? A) They often have unsatisfactory sexual relationships with their wives. B) Most of them have been or are currently married. C) They generally have great confidence in their sense of masculinity. D) They typically develop exhibitionism before the age of 18.
A
Which is TRUE regarding treatments for binge-eating disorders? A) It has evolved from the treatment provided to those with bulimia nervosa. B) It involves close relationships with weight-loss centers. C) It is similar to recovery plans for depressed patients. D) It resembles care provided to patients with anorexia nervosa.
C
Which is a characteristic of a person with restricting-type anorexia nervosa? A) compulsively eating large amounts of food B) feeling guilty over purging food C) being afraid of losing control over the size of his or her body D) avoiding thinking about food
A
Which is a correct statement about Viagra and/or oral contraceptives? A) Insurance providers were, in general, much quicker to cover the cost of Viagra than they were to cover the cost of oral contraceptives. B) Both Viagra and oral contraceptives are required by law to be covered under insurance plans. C) Insurance providers took years to cover Viagra but covered oral contraceptives almost immediately upon their approval by the FDA. D) If an insurance plan pays for Viagra, it must pay for oral contraceptives.
A
Which of these is a type of factitious disorder? A) Munchausen syndrome B) untreated migraine disorder C) hypochondriasis D) mass hysteria
B
Which person would be MOST likely to cut out sweets, then eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in forced vomiting? A) someone experiencing acute-type bulimia B) someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa C) someone experiencing bulimia nervosa D) someone experiencing purging-type anorexia
B
Which psychological problem is LEAST likely to be associated with anorexia nervosa? A) depression B) schizophrenia C) obsessive-compulsive disorder D) substance abuse
D
Which psychological problem is often associated with anorexia nervosa? A) antisocial personality disorder B) dissociative identity disorder C) autism spectrum disorder D) obsessive-compulsive patterns
C
Which statement BEST represents the relationship between binge-eating disorder and being overweight or obese? A) Binge-eating disorder is not linked to being overweight or obese. B) Most overweight and obese individuals engage in binge eating. C) Roughly half of people with binge-eating disorder become overweight or obese. D) Binge-eating disorder is not associated with changes in body weight.
D
Which statement about cannabis use is TRUE? A) The primary danger associated with cannabis use is overdose. B) Cannabis is not addictive; the risk associated with its use is related to negative side effects when consumed in large doses. C) Although cannabis can cause some physical effects when taken in large doses, no serious side effects are associated with its use. D) At high doses, cannabis can cause intoxication; at very high doses, it can cause hallucinations.
C
Which statement about women with bulimia nervosa is accurate? A) They are substantially below their normal weight. B) They weigh about 20 percent more than they should. C) They generally maintain their normal weight, with some fluctuations. D) They are commonly obese.
D
Which statement accurately describes the risk for African American women of developing eating disorders? A) It is clear that race has played no role in the risk of developing an eating disorder in the past three decades. B) Over the past several decades, African American women have shown a marked decrease in their risk of developing an eating disorder compared with non-Hispanic white American women. C) African American and non-Hispanic white American women have always had similar risks of developing eating disorders. D) As African Americans acculturate and adopt an ideal body image more similar to that valued by non-Hispanic white American women, their risk of developing eating disorders has increased.
D
Which statement is NOT a sociocultural explanation of the cause of substance disorders? A) Regions with higher levels of unemployment have higher rates of alcoholism. B) Being a member of a low socioeconomic class contributes to substance abuse. C) Substance use and dependence are more likely to occur in families in which substance use is valued or at least accepted. D) Children whose needs are not met by parents grow up depending on others for comfort, and this may develop into a dependent relationship with a substance.
B
Which statement is NOT true about anorexia nervosa? A) It usually follows a diet in someone who is of normal weight or slightly overweight. B) About 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male. C) Fatalities occur by suicide or serious medical problems due to starvation. D) It can follow a stressful event such as divorce, a move from home, or a personal failure.
A
Which statement is TRUE regarding anorexia nervosa? A) Most people recover, but those who do not are most likely to die from starvation or suicide. B) The death rate from anorexia has declined to less than 1 percent. C) About half of all people with this condition will experience a life-threatening cardiac event. D) Death from starvation is a common outcome in people with this condition.
A
Which statement is TRUE regarding gender differences in heavy drinkers? A) Heavy drinking is at least twice as likely in men as it is in women. B) Female heavy drinkers outnumber male heavy drinkers through adolescence, but the reverse is true in adulthood. C) Women are slightly more likely than men to be classified as heavy drinkers. D) Women are more susceptible to becoming heavy drinkers due to their typically smaller body size and weight.
C
Which statement is TRUE regarding the typical onset of binge-eating disorder? A) It generally has a very gradual onset, with the person incrementally increasing intake over years. B) It is more common in individuals with a long history of mood swings. C) It occurs later in life than other eating disorders, often in the individual's twenties. D) It occurs after a period of intense restrictive dieting.
A
Which type of medication has been used to help reduce binges and vomiting in persons with bulimia nervosa? A) antidepressants B) antianxiety drugs C) beta blockers D) antipsychotics
C
Women tolerate alcohol less well than men because they: A) have a higher proportion of body fat. B) metabolize alcohol in the liver less well. C) have less of a stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol. D) drink alcohol in more concentrated forms.
D
Zane has not had any interest in sex for the past year. Because of this, his sexual activity has been very limited. What would he MOST likely be diagnosed with? A) masturbatory focus B) sexual aversion disorder C) performance anxiety D) male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
A
_____ is often given to people who are trying to stop consuming alcohol. A) Disulfiram B) Methadone C) The alcohol patch D) Naloxone
hallucinogen
cannabis
exposure and response prevention
cognitive behavioral treatment for bulimia
masturbatory satiation
A behavioral treatment in which a client masturbates for a long period of time while fantasizing in detail about a paraphilic object. The procedure is expected to produce a feeling of boredom that becomes linked to the object.
A
A blood alcohol concentration of _____ percent typically produces the symptoms of intoxication. A) 0.09 B) 0.55 C) 0.01 D) 0.06
D
A classmate is arrested on your college campus. How likely is it that the person had been drinking alcohol? A) Somewhat likely; approximately 25 to 30 percent of all campus arrests are associated with drinking. B) Likely; approximately two-thirds of all campus arrests are associated with drinking. C) Not that likely; only approximately 5 percent of all campus arrests are associated with drinking. D) Very likely; more than 80 percent of all campus arrests are associated with drinking.
D
A clinician is caring for a patient going through detoxification in a hospital. What can the clinician administer to help reduce severe alcohol withdrawal reactions, such as delirium tremens and seizures? A) antiemetics B) antipsychotic drugs C) sedatives D) antianxiety drugs
C
A cognitive-behavioral therapist would be MOST likely to use _____ to treat pedophilia. A) flooding B) systematic desensitization C) relapse-prevention training D) shock therapy
A
A college professor's work performance has recently deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior would be: A) substance use disorder. B) tolerance. C) withdrawal. D) substance intoxication.
C
A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives, and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia, is experiencing: A) food-phobia anorexia nervosa. B) variable-limited anorexia nervosa. C) binge-eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa. D) restricted-type anorexia nervosa.
D
A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until he or she was eating almost nothing, could be experiencing: A) sweet-phobia type of anorexia nervosa. B) exercise-induced anorexia nervosa. C) binge-purge type of anorexia nervosa. D) restricted-type anorexia nervosa
A
An individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy usually: A) is emotionally needy. B) has a low level of intelligence. C) has a history of psychotic episodes. D) is severely independent.
C
Modern sex therapy usually lasts _____ sessions. A) 20 to 30 B) 3 to 5 C) 15 to 20 D) 5 to 10
C
One of the dangers of a diagnosis of conversion disorder is that the patient: A) will most likely seek a second medical opinion. B) will then seek only psychodynamic therapy. C) may have a genuine medical problem. D) may view all future physical symptoms as a symptom of this disorder.
Munchausen by proxy
factitious disorder imposed on someone else
anorexia nervosa
purposefully maintains a low body weight, fears becoming overweight, has a distorted view of their weight, and is excessively influenced by their weight in their self evaluation
D
Chronic and excessive use of alcohol or benzodiazepines may lower the brain's production of: A) dopamine. B) anandamides. C) endorphins. D) GABA.
A
A person becomes intoxicated when their alcohol blood concentration reaches what percent? A) 0.09 percent B) 0.05 percent C) 0.08 percent D) 0.10 percent
A
Which of these would NOT be considered a drug? A) sugar B) heroin C) caffeine D) nicotine
C
Which neurotransmitter system does cocaine have the GREATEST effect on? A) GABA B) norepinephrine C) dopamine D) serotonin
A
A common cardiovascular effect of anorexia is a slow heart rate (bradycardia). Which explanation BEST describes why this is true? A) The body is trying to conserve energy. B) Exercise lowers a person's heart rate. C) The body has lost its insulating outer layer of fat. D) Less blood flow is needed in persons who are underweight.
A
A community-based drug treatment program gives participants cash prizes for every drug-free urine sample they provide. The value of the prizes increases with the number of consecutive drug-free screenings. This is an example of: A) contingency management. B) a self-help group. C) relapse-prevention training. D) acceptance and commitment therapy.
D
A key component of treating bulimia nervosa is helping the affected person recognize and change his or her maladaptive attitudes toward food, eating, weight, and shape. Which treatment approach is the BEST option to achieve this? A) psychodynamic therapy B) interpersonal psychotherapy C) self-care manuals D) cognitive techniques
C
According to the multidimensional risk perspective, which of these is NOT a factor in the development of eating disorders? A) sociocultural conditions B) psychological problems C) academic problems D) biological factors
A
According to Masters and Johnson, the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle is more gradual in women when they: A) do not experience orgasm. B) do not experience arousal. C) experience a sexual aversion. D) have experienced multiple orgasms.
C
According to psychodynamic theorists, the two primary mechanisms at work in hysterical somatoform disorders are: A) ritual and undoing. B) primary grief and secondary grief. C) primary gain and secondary gain. D) projection and rejection.
C
According to the DSM-5 criteria, a person may be diagnosed with _____ whether or not the person suffers impairment in functioning or distress. A) fetishism B) cross-dressing C) pedophilia D) voyeurism
C
As many as 90 percent of men with _____ experience some degree of erectile dysfunction. A) bipolar disorder B) generalized anxiety disorder C) severe depression D) posttraumatic stress disorder
B
Assessing one's self-worth largely based on weight and body shape is a characteristic common to individuals with: A) bulimia. B) binge eating disorder. C) depression. D) anorexia.
A
Behaviorists believe that the fears found in illness anxiety disorder have been acquired through: A) classical conditioning or modeling. B) hypnotic suggestion. C) unsatisfied sexual desires. D) overinterpretation of bodily cues.
C
Binge drinking has been linked with all of the following EXCEPT: A) sexual assault. B) compromised heart functioning. C) homicide. D) impaired brain functioning.
D
Binge drinking is defined as drinking at least _____ drinks on a single occasion. A) six B) four C) three D) five
B
Bulimia is always characterized by: A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) uncontrollable overeating. C) fasting and frantic exercise. D) being underweight.
B
Early ejaculation is defined as ejaculation within _____ minute(s) of beginning sexual activity and before the person wishes it. A) four B) one C) three D) two
A
Many people with bulimia nervosa also suffer from: A) mood disorders. B) learning disorders. C) Asperger's syndrome. D) opioid abuse.
B
Persons with _____ have a low opinion of their body shape and are likely to overestimate their actual proportions. A) neither anorexia nervosa nor bulimia nervosa B) both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa C) bulimia nervosa D) anorexia nervosa
C
Which theory explains drug-seeking behavior as led by a rewarding effect that makes using the substance again more likely? A) learned helplessness B) opponent-process theory C) operant conditioning D) synergistic theory
A
Which type of eating disorder is found almost exclusively in men? A) muscle dysmorphia B) abdominal dissatisfaction disorder C) binge eating disorder D) non-binging bulimotoxicity
motivational interviewing
anorexia treatment with a mix of empathy and inquiring to help clients recognize their problems
somatic symptom disorder
become excessively anxious about bodily symptoms and disrupt their lives
hallucinogens
cause powerful changes in sensory perception
illness anxiety disorder
chronically anxious about their health and convinced they have or are developing a serious illness despite the absence of symptoms
psychological factors of somatic symptom disorders
coping styles, personality style
biological
detoxification, antagonists, and drug maintenance therapy to treat addiction
communication
in cognitive-behavioral theory, when the physical symptoms allow the sufferer to express themselves
primary gain
in psychodynamic theory, the gain of someones bodily symptoms to keep conflict out of awareness
factitious disorder
intentionally faking an illness from a wish to be a patient, also called munchausen syndrome
conversion disorder
physical symptoms effecting voluntary functioning that are inconsistent with known diseases
biological
says genetic predisposition, brain reduces neurotransmitters, and brains reward deficiency syndrome cause addiction
psychodynamic
says that ego deficiencies or disturbed mother-child interactions lead to a poor sense of control and can cause an eating disorder
biological
says that genetics, dysfunctional brain circuits, and the hypothalamus LH induce hunger, VMT stops it
cognitive-behavioral
says that people judge themselves exclusively based on their weight and ability to control it (core pathology)
depressant
sedative-hypnotic drugs
exhibionistic disorder
sexual arousal from exposing genitals to an unsuspecting individual
aversion therapy
treatment for addiction that uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors
self instruction training
treatment for somatic symptom disorder where the client identifies and rids themselves of unpleasant thoughts
hypnosis
treatment for somatic symptom disorder where the client is guided by a hypnotist into a sleeplike, suggestible state
meditation
treatment for somatic symptom disorder where turning concentration inward, ignoring all stressors
