AB Psych (KC Exam 4)

psychosis means

loss of contact with reality

if future editions of the DSM change to a dimentional approach in the diagnosis of personality disorders, clinicians will have to

rate the degree of dtysfunctioning caused by each persons traits in diagnosing personality disorders

MOST cases of mild intellectual disability seem to be related to

sociocultural and psychological factors

a person with schizophrenia demonstrates notably restricted side effects and experiences regular auditory hallucinations. according to the type one/type two evaluation categorization, this person would be

a mix of type one and type two

according to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on info they have no way of knowing, is not present in children with autism. this ability is called

a theory of mind

beverly is an elderly individual who has just been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. MOST likely, the disorder is

generalized anxiety

an individual with alzheimers is no longer able to function independently. the MOST appropriate diagnosis for this persons condition is

major neurocognitive disorder

in general, the closer that people are genetically related, to someone with schizophrenia, the more likely they are to be diagnosed with it themselves. this is evidence of

positive correlation between schizophrenia and a close relationship

the stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by the initial deterioration of functioning and the display of some mild symptoms is called the

prodromal phase

when a child with autism says "You want a drink,' when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying

pronominal reversal

what percentage of the world population is estimated to have schizophrenia?

0.7-1%

The MOST frequent cause of neurocognitive disorders in the elderly is...

Alzheimers Disease

if you are being treated for schizophrenia and are learning to distract yourself from the vocies you hear and to reinterpret them as just a symptom of your disorder rather than reality, you are MOST likely recieving

CBT

the MOST common type of halluicnation in schizophrenia is

auditory

a person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _________ hallucination and a delusion of _________

auditory; grandeur

your son is more likely than your daughter to be diagnosed with

autism

recent studies show that children with autism are more likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of the brain?

cerebellum

brenda, who has schizophrenia says, "today is black. in the sack , not a crack, lack, knack." this is an example of

clang

biologically, individuals with antisocial personality disorder appear to have

deficient reactions to anxiety and stress

A clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called

delirium

antonio believes that the anchor on the evening TV new is directly speaking to him. he even goes to the TV studio to talk to the anchor. antonio is suffering from

delusion of reference

the prognosis of schizophrenia is improved if the individual

demonstrated good premorbid functioning

a person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is MOST likely to qualify for a diagnosis of

dependent personality disorder

joey has been wetting his bed at night since he was a baby. he is 10 years old now. as a result, he will not stay over at his friends house or go to camp. his condition is called

enuresis

families with high levels of "expressed emotion"

express negative emotions like hostility and criticism

the category of "odd" personalities include the traits of

extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities

beautitudes, a facility that offer long term in-patient care for individuals with alzheimers, is considered unique because

focuses on individualized and less restrictive care, such as allowing occasional access to alcohol or chocolate

The main difference between hallucinations and delusions is that

hallucinations involve perception, delusions involve belief

Milieu therapy is based primarily on the priciples of ______ psychology

humanistic

behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders

in children rather than adults

what was the dominant way of trating people with schizophrenia during the fist half of the twentieth century?

institutionalization

compared to white american children, african americans and hispanic american children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are....

less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD

compared to african americans, white americans are...

less likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia and less likely to be institutionalized

in people with alzheimers, memory problems appear to be caused by disruption of the production of

memory-linked proteins

if a patients chart said the patient had extrapyramidal side effects, you would expect to see the patient showing primarily _______ dysfunction

motor

your elderly grandfather is slowly deteriorating. at first he seemed only mildly forgetful, but lately he has had trouble recalling the names of close relatives and cannot remember where he is. he used to be very loving and patient, but now he is unpleasant and his condition is worsening. he MOST likely is experiencing

neurocognitive disorder due to alzheimers

for decades, Alzheimers was only definitively diagnosed on the basis of _______. some cutting edge research has shown that it may be diagnosed earlier through _______.

neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques evident at autopsy; PET scans f hippocampus activity or proteins in cerebrospinal fluid

the neuroleptic side effect is marked by muscle rigidity, fever, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfuntion is called

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

advantages of atypical antipsychotic drugs over conventional medications include

newer medications produce fewer extrapyramidal effects

a friend of yours says "a 14 year old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder" you would reply with

no, the student is too young for that diagnosis

an intervention in which parents and their school-age children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called...

parent management training

delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect are examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia

positive

your daughter is more likely than your son to be diagnosed with

separation anxiety

a client has enlarged brain ventricles and a measurable loss of gray matter. in terms of personality disorders, the most likely diagnosis would be

schiotypal personality disorder

leonard has always been a loner. he has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. he appears to be without emotiond. leonard may have

schizoid personality disorder

recent research is showing that when a person with schizophrenia experiences auditory hallucinations

the person actually produces nerve signals of the sounds in his brain

which does dialectal behavioral thereapy NOT emphasize

the use of antipsychotic meds in an outpatient setting

the main concern over the rise in the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in children was_______. to potentially resolve this concern, the DSM-5 ______.

the use of powerful meds; created a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation for children

studies have shown that misuse of medications in US nursing homes occurs MOST often when staff members...

use antipsychotics drugs to control the behaviors of those who dont show psychotic symptoms

ted, who is 72, quite suddenly begins to show some specific cognitive impairment, difficulty in speaking, and weakness on his left side. other cognitive functions appear normal. MOST likely, ted is experiencing

vascular neurocognitive disorder

Pat cannot seem to follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. his behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. at home, he cannot seem to follow the conversation at dinner, and his parents view him as disorganized and overly active. these sxs MOST likely indicate...

ADHD

"you had one eye in the mirror as you watched yourself, youre so vain, you probably think this song is about you"... if the subject of this song were diagnosed with a personality disorder, what would it be?

narcissistic

bobbys distracting behaviors occur ONLY in a school setting and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. could ADHD be a diagnosis?

no, the symptoms only occur in one setting

a child is openly hostile towards his parents. he argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. they cannot control him. the diagnosis he most likely will get is

oppositional defiant disorder

Paula shows many of the symptoms of schizoprhenia but at the same time, she has several documented periods of profound depression, the schizophrenic symptoms have lasted continually for several years, with the depressive episodes occuring approximately once every six months. this is an example of

schizoaffective disorder

during a postmortem analysis on a sample of brain tissue, you found enlarged ventricles. this is MOST likely to be the evidence of

schizophrenia involving mainly negative symptoms

in class, new research on the genetic causes of schizophrenia was discussed. this new research is indicating that

there may be a problem with the gene that tags synapse for elimination, a process particularly active in adolescents

how do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people?

they lead to more maladaptive distressful, in inflexible behaviors

what is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder

they may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves

the schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that

those with schizoid personality disorder prefer to be alone, those with paranoid disorder are alone because of suspiciousness

a friend says, "my 70 year old grandmother is in good physical health but has been diagnosed with depression. should she even bother getting therapy? she is pretty old after all." your BEST research-based answer is

yes, more than half of the elderly patients show improvement with therapy