AB Psych (KC Exam 4)
psychosis means
loss of contact with reality
if future editions of the DSM change to a dimentional approach in the diagnosis of personality disorders, clinicians will have to
rate the degree of dtysfunctioning caused by each persons traits in diagnosing personality disorders
MOST cases of mild intellectual disability seem to be related to
sociocultural and psychological factors
a person with schizophrenia demonstrates notably restricted side effects and experiences regular auditory hallucinations. according to the type one/type two evaluation categorization, this person would be
a mix of type one and type two
according to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on info they have no way of knowing, is not present in children with autism. this ability is called
a theory of mind
beverly is an elderly individual who has just been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. MOST likely, the disorder is
generalized anxiety
an individual with alzheimers is no longer able to function independently. the MOST appropriate diagnosis for this persons condition is
major neurocognitive disorder
in general, the closer that people are genetically related, to someone with schizophrenia, the more likely they are to be diagnosed with it themselves. this is evidence of
positive correlation between schizophrenia and a close relationship
the stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by the initial deterioration of functioning and the display of some mild symptoms is called the
prodromal phase
when a child with autism says "You want a drink,' when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying
pronominal reversal
what percentage of the world population is estimated to have schizophrenia?
0.7-1%
The MOST frequent cause of neurocognitive disorders in the elderly is...
Alzheimers Disease
if you are being treated for schizophrenia and are learning to distract yourself from the vocies you hear and to reinterpret them as just a symptom of your disorder rather than reality, you are MOST likely recieving
CBT
the MOST common type of halluicnation in schizophrenia is
auditory
a person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _________ hallucination and a delusion of _________
auditory; grandeur
your son is more likely than your daughter to be diagnosed with
autism
recent studies show that children with autism are more likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of the brain?
cerebellum
brenda, who has schizophrenia says, "today is black. in the sack , not a crack, lack, knack." this is an example of
clang
biologically, individuals with antisocial personality disorder appear to have
deficient reactions to anxiety and stress
A clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called
delirium
antonio believes that the anchor on the evening TV new is directly speaking to him. he even goes to the TV studio to talk to the anchor. antonio is suffering from
delusion of reference
the prognosis of schizophrenia is improved if the individual
demonstrated good premorbid functioning
a person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is MOST likely to qualify for a diagnosis of
dependent personality disorder
joey has been wetting his bed at night since he was a baby. he is 10 years old now. as a result, he will not stay over at his friends house or go to camp. his condition is called
enuresis
families with high levels of "expressed emotion"
express negative emotions like hostility and criticism
the category of "odd" personalities include the traits of
extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities
beautitudes, a facility that offer long term in-patient care for individuals with alzheimers, is considered unique because
focuses on individualized and less restrictive care, such as allowing occasional access to alcohol or chocolate
The main difference between hallucinations and delusions is that
hallucinations involve perception, delusions involve belief
Milieu therapy is based primarily on the priciples of ______ psychology
humanistic
behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders
in children rather than adults
what was the dominant way of trating people with schizophrenia during the fist half of the twentieth century?
institutionalization
compared to white american children, african americans and hispanic american children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are....
less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD
compared to african americans, white americans are...
less likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia and less likely to be institutionalized
in people with alzheimers, memory problems appear to be caused by disruption of the production of
memory-linked proteins
if a patients chart said the patient had extrapyramidal side effects, you would expect to see the patient showing primarily _______ dysfunction
motor
your elderly grandfather is slowly deteriorating. at first he seemed only mildly forgetful, but lately he has had trouble recalling the names of close relatives and cannot remember where he is. he used to be very loving and patient, but now he is unpleasant and his condition is worsening. he MOST likely is experiencing
neurocognitive disorder due to alzheimers
for decades, Alzheimers was only definitively diagnosed on the basis of _______. some cutting edge research has shown that it may be diagnosed earlier through _______.
neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques evident at autopsy; PET scans f hippocampus activity or proteins in cerebrospinal fluid
the neuroleptic side effect is marked by muscle rigidity, fever, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfuntion is called
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
advantages of atypical antipsychotic drugs over conventional medications include
newer medications produce fewer extrapyramidal effects
a friend of yours says "a 14 year old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder" you would reply with
no, the student is too young for that diagnosis
an intervention in which parents and their school-age children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called...
parent management training
delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect are examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia
positive
your daughter is more likely than your son to be diagnosed with
separation anxiety
a client has enlarged brain ventricles and a measurable loss of gray matter. in terms of personality disorders, the most likely diagnosis would be
schiotypal personality disorder
leonard has always been a loner. he has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. he appears to be without emotiond. leonard may have
schizoid personality disorder
recent research is showing that when a person with schizophrenia experiences auditory hallucinations
the person actually produces nerve signals of the sounds in his brain
which does dialectal behavioral thereapy NOT emphasize
the use of antipsychotic meds in an outpatient setting
the main concern over the rise in the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in children was_______. to potentially resolve this concern, the DSM-5 ______.
the use of powerful meds; created a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation for children
studies have shown that misuse of medications in US nursing homes occurs MOST often when staff members...
use antipsychotics drugs to control the behaviors of those who dont show psychotic symptoms
ted, who is 72, quite suddenly begins to show some specific cognitive impairment, difficulty in speaking, and weakness on his left side. other cognitive functions appear normal. MOST likely, ted is experiencing
vascular neurocognitive disorder
Pat cannot seem to follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. his behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. at home, he cannot seem to follow the conversation at dinner, and his parents view him as disorganized and overly active. these sxs MOST likely indicate...
ADHD
"you had one eye in the mirror as you watched yourself, youre so vain, you probably think this song is about you"... if the subject of this song were diagnosed with a personality disorder, what would it be?
narcissistic
bobbys distracting behaviors occur ONLY in a school setting and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. could ADHD be a diagnosis?
no, the symptoms only occur in one setting
a child is openly hostile towards his parents. he argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. they cannot control him. the diagnosis he most likely will get is
oppositional defiant disorder
Paula shows many of the symptoms of schizoprhenia but at the same time, she has several documented periods of profound depression, the schizophrenic symptoms have lasted continually for several years, with the depressive episodes occuring approximately once every six months. this is an example of
schizoaffective disorder
during a postmortem analysis on a sample of brain tissue, you found enlarged ventricles. this is MOST likely to be the evidence of
schizophrenia involving mainly negative symptoms
in class, new research on the genetic causes of schizophrenia was discussed. this new research is indicating that
there may be a problem with the gene that tags synapse for elimination, a process particularly active in adolescents
how do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people?
they lead to more maladaptive distressful, in inflexible behaviors
what is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder
they may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves
the schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that
those with schizoid personality disorder prefer to be alone, those with paranoid disorder are alone because of suspiciousness
a friend says, "my 70 year old grandmother is in good physical health but has been diagnosed with depression. should she even bother getting therapy? she is pretty old after all." your BEST research-based answer is
yes, more than half of the elderly patients show improvement with therapy