Abnormal exams!!!!!!!!
Which disorder is usually comorbid with a DID diagnosis?
PTSD
William was shown a picture of two men, an older man, and a younger man sitting next to each other. He was asked to describe what he thought was taking place in this picture. What kind of test is William responding to?
Projective test
Which of the following sums up the perspective of genetic causal factors in depressive disorders?
There is no specific genetic basis for depression has been reliably supported by research.
In fewer than 10% of persons with _____ disorder, coprolalia occurs, yet more often, vocal tics consist of coughing, barking, or grunting.
Tourette's
What is the current perspective role that genetics play in the development of schizophrenic disorders?
accumulated evidence points strongly to a genetic contribution to schizophrenic disorders
Which criteria for paranoid personality disorder is not part of a DSM diagnosis?
agreeable and cooperative
Although prognosis tends to be much better for _________ than other psychotic conditions, people with this condition may be at higher risk for suicide
brief psychotic disorder
Distinction in intellectual disability are measure in which of the following ways?
by the degree of adaptive functioning
Among interventions for bulimia, what is the "best practice" approach for treatment?
cognitive-behavioral therapy
Actions an individual is forced to do which are experienced as irrational and difficult to control are called
compulsions
Which of the features below is not part of the interview process?
cultural factors do not affect the interview process since the clinician would not have bias or misinterpret information collected
A person with somatic symptom disorder experiences distress and significant disruption in life for which of the following reasons?
disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one's symptoms
Of all the dissociative disorders, ________ is particularly interesting due to its symptom presentation and has been the most contentious disorder researched and diagnosed.
dissociative identity disorder
Nicholas has trouble falling asleep and remaining asleep. He complains that his sleep does not feel restorative and he feels daytime fatigue. What classification of sleep disorder is Nicholas most likely experiencing?
dyssomnias
_______ is a form of catatonic behavior in which a person repetitively imitates the movements of others
echopraxia
_________ is diagnosed differently for children than adults, where children may express the wish to "grow" the genitals of the other sex and prefer stereotypical play, mannerisms, and attire of the other gender.
gender dysphoria
A cognitive behavioral intervention described by Jaycox et al., (2002) for rape survivors that involves first, establishing a trusting relationship, followed by breathing and relaxation training, and then prolonged exposure by retelling the story of the trauma in detail for 45-60 minutes aims to achieve
habituation
After a sympathetic reaction has resulted in increased blood pressure, pressure-sensitive receptors in the aorta trigger a chain of events to cause blood vessel dilation and decrease in heart rate, thus a drop in blood pressure. What is most likely the result of this process?
homeostasis
In which group can the condition delirium develop?
in all age groups
In which population do we see higher incidence of Cluster A personality disorders?
males
According to the APA, prevalence rates for substance-related disorders are higher for _______ than ______.
males;females
Why is the relationship between eating and obesity not considered to be abnormal behavior?
obesity is defined not in terms of the behavior that produces it but rather in terms of its product--excess body fat.
What is most characteristic of REM sleep behavior disorder?
paralysis is absent, allowing people to act out in their dreams.
All except which of the following are direct effects of poor sleep problems associated with the DSM-5 category of sleep-wake disorders?
poor eating habits
Which type of schizophrenia has a better capacity and chance for recovery?
reactive schizophrenia
The changes that were made to the somatic symptom and related disorder category were mostly due to which of the following issues?
reliability and validity needed to be improved.
Which of the following is associated with an integrated model of casual factors for gambling problems?
rule-governed
Being able to take responsibility over one's actions and, therefore, over guilt or innocence, is related to which of the following terms?
sanity
The normal bell-shaped distribution of IQ scores in the general population standardizes scores using a mean of _______ and a standard deviation of _______.
100;15
The American Law Institute issued a more comprehensive standard but also eliminated all except which of the following dysfunctional behaviors?
schizophrenia
_______ is a type of assessment in which the examinee can select statements reflecting the severity of symptoms that is useful in diagnosis but cannot alone provide or confirm a DSM diagnosis.
self-report
Behavioral treatments for the paraphillas tend to include all except which of these approaches?
sensate focus
Children with this anxiety disorder often come from close-knit families and have extreme fear of being separated from them. They worry about getting lost or losing connection to their attachment figure. What diagnosis would this qualify for?
separation anxiety disorder
Goodwin and his colleagues (1973) found which of the following conclusions about alcoholism?
sons of alcoholics placed in foster homes early in life were nearly 4 times as likely to develop alcoholism than were adoptees without known alcoholism in their biological parents
what type of psychotherapy method is intended to help patients slowly prepare themselves in advance to handle a stressful event successfully?
stress inoculation
What do we call a stressful experience that calls for a response from the individual?
stressor
Wolpe (1958) was among the first to apply _________, using a counterconditioning approach to treat sexual inhibitions.
systematic desensitization
A serious and irreversible side effect that his been found to develop in some patients with continued use of phenothiazine medications is called
tardive dyskinesia
How do Lovaas et al. (1979) explain stimulus overselectivity in individuals who are on the autism spectrum?
the autistic individual selectively responds to specific aspects in the environment while ignoring other relevant cues
Which statement reflects the present situation regarding an individual's right to refuse treatment?
there is no single "right to refuse treatment" protocol under all situations due to the complexities of the issue.
How effective are stimulants used in the treatment of ADHD symptoms?
they reduce symptoms in the short term but not in the long term
All except which of the following are factors in assessing an individual's competency to stand trial?
they were in a sane mental state at the time of the crime.
Even if stressful events are just witnessed, rather than directly experienced, an individual will most likely experience what type of stressor?
trauma
An accurate classification that measures what it claims to measure could be said to be
valid
______ symptoms can be mild, minimal, or severe, depending on the degree of substance use, and generally subside within a few days.
withdrawal
Which of the following describes the refractory period?
A time period following orgasm in males during which further sexual arousal and orgasm are not possible
Claudia has received a diagnosis of agoraphobia from her doctor. What would be one of the criteria that Claudia met to be diagnosed with this anxiety disorder?
anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape would be difficult or impossible in the event of a panic attack
The use of which treatment modality for ASD has been led to improvements in language and social skills for children on the autism spectrum?
applied behavioral analysis
Seligman (1975) concluded that depression was caused not by a lack of reinforcement but by learning that responses have no relation with outcomes, as with _______.
learned helplessness
Which professional is qualified to diagnose and treat mental disorders and may prescribe medication under periodic supervision of an MD?
master of science in nursing
_____ usually develops in close accordance to the rate of drug distribution in the bloodstream and is affected by the rate of drug absorption, drug metabolism, and drug interaction
medication-induced delirium
Obstructive sleep apnea most commonly seen in
middle-aged, overweight males
Which of the following is not a disadvantage of expanding prescription writing authority to psychologists?
the drive of managed-care health providers to make prescription drugs more profitable.
How does the individual with the restricting type of anorexia manage their concern about body shape and fear of gaining weight?
the individual diets, fasts, or exercises excessively, so that intake of food is inadequate to maintain current weight.
What is a distinguishing factor in the presentation of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and anorexia?
the lack of appetite or avoidance of food with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder does not involve body shape or image with anorexia.
According to the 8-year Framingham Heart Study that included 1600 men and women categorized by their personality styles, 3 times as many participants who were __________ developed coronary heart disease.
type A
Those with dissociative amnesia do not have a type of memory loss that results from a blow to the head. For this reason, which of the following would need to be ruled out before giving a dissociative amnesia diagnosis?
are physiological causes a concern?
Rosenhan (1973) was concerned that there were no reliable sources for verification of the diagnosis of schizophrenia, unlike someone with a bleeding ulcer. What does this concern reveal about diagnosing patients with mental disorders?
assessment of psychological disorders is not as clear cut as diagnosing physical disorders
A snake crossed Johnathan's path as he was hiking in the forest. He immediately felt his heart beating faster, increased energy, and his mouth dry up. As soon as the snake was out of sight, Johnathan's heart rate slowed down and he began to feel calmer. Which of the following systems was primarily in control of Johnathan's response?
autonomic nervous system
Which part of the nervous system is essentially involved in the overall response to fear?
autonomic nervous system
What concern is fundamental to the decisions surrounding civil commitment?
balancing the civil liberties of the individual and the concerns of the larger society
_______ appears to be equal in males and females with an average age of onset is 18.
bipolar I disorder
What type of approach are you taking if you consider disorders to be clear-cut and separated into different groups?
categorical
Which therapy involves identifying and challenging dysfunctional belief patterns or schemas about the self and the world?
cognitive therapy
Learning models assume that social phobia develops in similar ways as the other phobias through association between social cues and embarrassing events in a process called
conditioning
Maosn was 15 years old and began to get into trouble. He was using illegal substances which led him to break the law and steal money from others. Mason was also showing aggression with his family and his teachers. Which disorder is Mason most likely showing signs of?
conduct disorder
Which of the following are critical and fundamental to developing a trusting relationship between psychologist and client?
confidentiality
Gregg is very organized, self-disciplined, and responsible in his life. Which personality factor describes Gregg?
conscientiousness
Which of the following statements does not reflect how socioeconomic factors play a role in the onset of schizophrenia?
impoverished areas of large cities tend to include similar people with similar ethnic backgrounds which can cause higher rates of schizophrenia
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders share which of the following characteristics?
impulsivity, aggressiveness, and novelty-seeking behavior
As Alzheimer's disease progresses, reduction in brain activity results from all except?
increased brain glucose metabolism
Suicide rates have:
increased in nearly all age categories
Due to persistent concern that more panic attacks will recur, which of the following is not an action that occurs?
increasing activities to be more social
The DSM-5 also includes a listing of conditions that have not yet been accepted as mental disorders, but are being considered for future membership. Of the following potential future diagnoses, which one is not being considered?
internet media disorder
Which two stressful life events more frequently precedes suicide attempts?
interpersonal conflicts and serious illness in a close family member or themselves
Christian was very shy and timid. He mostly kept to himself, for he was always concerned about what others thought of him or if he would do something to embarrass himself. Others referred to him as a loner since he rarely went out socially. Christian is most likely displaying symptoms of what disorder?
Avoidant personality disorder
Damage to ______ results in disturbances involving slow, effortful articulation that conveys little expressive information, where was damage to ______ results in significant dysfunction in understanding.
Broca's area;Wernicke's area
Trauma, such as rape or sexual assault, as well as painful childbirth, inadequate lubrication, and abrasion of pubic hair, are known to be casual factors of which of the following disorders?
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
Which statement summarizes the effectiveness of psychotherapies for treating bipolar mania?
Psychotherapies are not an effective treatment approach on their own in the treatment of bipolar mania.
Heather is meeting with Dr. Rogers for an evaluation because of her concerns regarding paralysis and loss of function in her right arm. After Dr. Rogers does a complete exam, he thinks that Heather may have conversion disorder. What is Dr. Rogers most likely to order next?
a medical examination to rule out any neurological or medical conditions
What will the court usually order if there are concerns regarding a person's ability to understand and assist in their legal proceedings and their overall competency?
a psychological evaluation
Which of the following is not a fundamental characteristic of the psychopathic or antisocial personality?
ability to learn from mistakes
The _______ is defined as giving up and concluding that treatment has failed, which can actually encourage resumption.
abstinence violation effect
Eric was suffering from psychosis and certain that the president of the United States wanted him to help with a special mission. Although his family members were telling him this was not possible, he was certain it was true. What is Eric most likely suffering from?
delusions
Hallie kept losing her keys and would lose track of tasks that she was presently involved in. Hallie also was challenged to remember things that she was recently told, and at times, she would forget her own name. Hallie most likely would receive what diagnosis?
dementia
What statement describes the comparison between a major depressive episode and bereavement?
depression usually involved a loss of interest in almost all things, while those experiencing bereavement may still experience some positive symptoms.
The ______ model of addiction replaced the _____ model to explain the causes of alcoholism, stating that one does not become an alcoholic, one is born an alcoholic.
disease;moral failure
The pattern in _____ consists of constipation followed by impaction, further retention, and overflow incontinence.
encopresis
Melissa has an intense fear of spiders that interferes with her daily life and causes her to not do the things she would like to do, such as take hikes in the woods with friends. Melissa is aware that her phobia is _________, but she has the same level of phobic response to spiders.
excessive or unreasonable
Placentini & Langley (2004) described the treatment of a 12-year old boy obsessed with germs and contamination and compelled to wash his hands. The treatment required him to touch trash cans and door knobs without washing his hands for increasing periods of time. What type of treatment is this young boy taking part in?
exposure and response prevention
What is recognized as the leading preventable causes of birth defects?
fetal alcohol syndrome
Jeremy seems to worry about everything. He is preoccupied with his finances, health, work, and household responsibilities. Jeremy also has symptoms such as disturbed sleep and fatigue. What disorder would Jeremy most likely receive?
generalized anxiety disorder
Which statement does not represent the current understanding of the causal factors of psychosis?
genetic, biological, and psychological predispositions do not play a large role in the onset, development, and maintenance of schizophrenia
What intellectual disability can be prevented if a special diet restricting or eliminating fish, chicken, and dairy products is followed with an infant who is homozygous for the disorder?
phenylketonuria
The uniquely damaging characteristic of the stressor and the sufferer's extreme fear response to stimuli that are associated with the trauma suggest that one way to conceptualize __________ is a strongly conditioned fear response.
post-traumatic stress disorder
Which assessment tool does not provide a thorough indicator of cognitive decline and the documentation required for diagnostic purposes?
projective tests
Which statement reflects the relationship between brain dysfunction and psychological cognitive impairment?
psychological dysfunction is related to the specific area of the condition.
Amanda has been trying to discontinue her use of opiates, but when she does, she experiences physical symptoms. Amanda feels she needs to resume taking drugs since she knows the symptoms will stop if she does. What is Amanda most likely experiencing?
withdrawal
Incidence of anxiety disorders are more prevalent in which segment of the population?
women
Populations who are diagnosed with MDD are more likely to be _____ than _____.
young adults; the elderly