Abnormal Final: Chapter 6
Somatization disorder
A history of many unexplainable physical complaints beginning before age 30 that occur over several years and result in treatment being sought or significant impairment in functioning
What is Koro syndrome?
in China, fear that genitals are shrinking
Zar
in North Africa and Middle East, "Spirit Possession" causes unusual behavior
Amok
in Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands, trance-like state in which an individual violently attacks a person or destroys an object
Dissociative fugue prevalence in males and females, course of dissorder
more in women, comes on quickly and stops quickly
In illness anxiety disorder, does the feared illness have to be consistent? How long do they have to present to be diagnosed?
no, 6 months
Prevalence of pain disorder
10-15%
Average number of personalities in DID
15
Prevalence of DID, % and men v. women, onset
3 to 6%, 9x more common in women, onset in childhood bc of trauma
4 symptoms that must be present to diagnose Somatization disorder
4 pain symptoms 2 gastrointestinal symptoms 1 sexual symptom 1 pseudo-neurological symptom
Rate of misdiagnosis of conversion disorders that are really physical problems
4%
Somatization Disorder is __x more likely to occur in African Americans
4x
Transient/dissociative experiences occur in ___% of population
50%
Dhat syndrome
Asian Indian males, dizziness, weakness, and fatigue from excessive fears over loss of semen during nocturnal emissions
Pain disorder
Complaints of severe, often constant pain with no physical cause, usually triggered by stress
Most common Dissociative Disorder
Dissociative amnesia
Non-Medical Treatments for SSDs (4 things)
Education and reassurance, support groups, reducing life stress, CBT (learning to reinterpret symptoms)
Which body system is disregulated during depersonalization?
HPA axis
Treatment for Conversion disorder
Identify and address traumatic event
Difference between depersonalization and derealization
In depersonalization people feel like they aren't in their bodies, where in derealization they lose a sense of reality, people and object look differently
Difference between local, selective, general, systematized, and continuous amnesia
Local forgets within a certain time frame, usually during the event Selective forgets only distressful parts of the event General suddenly forget entire lives Systematized forget a certain part of their life Continuous forget everything from the event until the present
Difference between malingering and factitious disorder
Malingering is for secondary gain (money from a lawsuit, etc), factitious is for primary gain (emotional support, sympathy)
Somatic Symptom Disorder
One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or disrupt daily life, causing excessive anxiety or abnormal behaviors
Conversion disorder
One or more symptoms of altered motor or sensory function (blindness, numbness, paralysis), not faked and not explainable by another medical or mental disorder
Developmental facet of Somatic Symptom Disorders
Parents teach you to overreact to injury, gave you a lot of attention when you were sick
Dissociative amnesia
People dissociate and are unable to recall personal information, usually associated with traumatic events
Illness anxiety disorder
Preoccupation or fear of having or acquiring a serious illness, no somatic symptoms
_______ ______ occurred in 53% to 93% patients prior to onset of conversion disorder
Stressful event
SSDs tend to develop after...
Stressful life events, often involving death or illness
Dissociative fugue
Sudden loss of personal memory and the adoption of a new identity in a new locale, no other symptoms
Causes of Conversion disorder (2 things)
Unconscious repression of traumatic event, reduction of anxiety (due to avoidance)
Onset of Somatization Disorder
adolescence, but must happen over several years
Age of onset and demographics for illness anxiety disorder
adolescence, tend to be unmarried women from low SES
Demographics and ages of Conversion disorder (4 things)
adolescence/early adulthood, women, less educated, lower SES groups
Medical Treatment for SSDs
antidepressants
SSDs have a strong genetic link to which personality disorder?
antisocial personality disorder
Temporal lobe epilepsy
causes dissociation in 50% of people,
What did MRIs of DID patients show?
changes in brain functioning for different personalities
Conversion disorder has been linked to _______ _______
childhood trauma
What does brain imaging during depersonalization show?
deficits in perception and emotion regulation
Prevalance of derealization disorder in males and females, average age of onset
equal, 16