Abnormal Psych

Of all psychological disorders, we most likely associate ______ disorder with substance abuse. a) major depressive b) cyclothymic c) dysthymic d) bipolar

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What terminology does the DSM-5 now use to refer to cognitive impairment involving generalized, progressive deficits in memory, learning, communicative ability, judgment, and motor coordination? a. Neurocognitive disorder b. Aging-related disorder c. Dementia d. Developmental disorder

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Criteria for a psychological disorder

1. Distress 2. Impairment 3. risk to self or others 4. socially and culturally unacceptable behavior

8. Carmine thinks his three-year-old son might have autism spectrum disorder. Based upon what you have learned about autism spectrum disorder, what symptoms would you tell Carmine to look for in his son that might be indicators of the disorder? (list three to four key symptoms)

1.Deficits in social communication & interactions 2. slower motor skills 3. obsessive interests 4. little understanding to language

What is the lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder in the United States? a) 12.3 percent b) 16.6 percent c) 18.4 percent d) 20.1 percent

16.6 percent

How many independent identities are required for a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder? a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 10 or more

2

Intellectual disability is characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning or an IQ of _____ or below. a. 110 b. 100 c. 70 d. 25

70

Dissociative fugue

A person who is confused about personal identity suddenly and unexpectedly travels to another place.

The Rorschach Inkblot test is an example of a. A structured interview b. A self-report clinical inventory c. An objective personality test d. A projective personality test

A projective personality test

A fear of aluminum foil would also be known as a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Agoraphobia c. A specific phobia d. Generalized anxiety disorder

A specific phobia

The criterion of standardization clearly specifies a. A test's instructions for administration and scoring b. How a diagnosis should be obtained and classified. c. The method by which a test's reliability and validity are calculated d. The way that clinicians can avoid the "Barnum Effect."

A test's instructions for administration and scoring

Anxiety disorders include which of the following components a. Cognitive processes b. Emotional processes c. Behavioral processes d. None of the above

ALL of the above

Trauma counselors, who are regularly exposed to people who are grieving during and after life- threatening situations, can be at risk for a. Acute stress disorder b. Agoraphobia c. Panic disorder d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Acute stress disorder

Steven is afraid of leaving his home. He is worried that if he goes to the grocery store and has a panic attack, he will pass out before he gets to his cell phone and that no one at the store would help him since he is a stranger. He prefers to stay at home, where his family could help him if he needs assistance. Which of the following disorders best describes Steven's symptoms? a. Post-traumatic stress disorder b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Agoraphobia d. Generalized anxiety disorder

Agoraphobia

What is NOT the goal of psychotherapy for dissociative identity disorder? a. Help client integrate alters into unified whole b. Hypnotize client to artificially fill-in gaps in the client's memory c. Help the client fully recognize the nature of the disorder d. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following elements would be formally evaluated in a psychological assessment? a. An individual's cognitive functioning b. An individual's personality functioning c. An individual's psychosocial functioning d. All of these elements would be included

All of these elements would be included

Depersonalization

Alterations of mind-body perception, ranging from ones experiences to the feeling that they have stepped out of their own body

_______________ are clusters of dead or dying neurons mixed with fragments of protein molecules. a. Amyloid plaques b. Neurofibrillary tangles c. Choline acetyltransferase d. Lewy bodies

Amyloid plaques

What is a personality trait? a. An enduring pattern of thinking about the environment and others, which characterizes the majority of a person's experience. b. A cluster of characteristics that includes lack of remorse or shame for harmful acts committed to others c. The predisposition to manage high-risk tendencies d. A total of nine behaviors, including: fear of abandonment, recurrent suicidal behavior, chronic feelings of emptiness, and difficulty controlling anger

An enduring pattern of thinking about the environment and others, which characterizes the majority of a person's experience.

Marty is worried that she is going to get sick and die So, to get rid of these thoughts, she washes her hands dozens of times a day to get rid of germs that might make her ill. Her hand-washing is known as a. An obsession b. A compulsion c. An anxiety d. A fear

An obsession

The terms "sociopath" and "psychopath" refer to ___________. a. Narcissistic personality disorder b. Borderline personality disorder c. Antisocial personality disorder d. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder

Which of the following disorders is considered the most highly prevalent of all psychological disorders (with the exception of substance abuse disorders)? a. Depressive disorders b. Anxiety disorders c. Eating disorders d. Dissociative disorders

Anxiety disorders

Due to changes in the DSM-5, Asperger's is now called a. Autism spectrum disorder b. Intellectual disability c. Autistic dysphoria d. Pervasive developmental disorder

Autism spectrum disorder

__________________ is to heroin treatment as _____________________ is to alcohol treatment. a. Methadone, antabuse b. Benzodiazepine, GABA c. MDMA, disulfiram d. Opioid, nausea

Benzodiazepine, GABA

Which of the following diagnoses has replaced the term "manic depression"? a) Major depressive disorder b) Bipolar disorder c) Cyclothymic disorder d) Dysthymic disorder

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following is NOT one of the major dimensions to the symptoms of OCD? a. Obsessions associated with checking compulsions b. The need to have symmetry and put things in order c. Obsessions about cleanliness with compulsions to wash d. Cleaning-related behaviors that result in throwing out things of value

Cleaning-related behaviors that result in throwing out things of value

Across the anxiety disorders, there appears to be similarities in treatment approaches; however, the ______ method perhaps shows the greatest effectiveness. a. Psychoanalytic b. Biopsychosocial c. Cognitive-behavioral d. Biological

Cognitive-behavioral

Which of the following neuroimaging methods allows researchers to obtain images of the brain using X-rays? a. Electroencephalogram b. Computed axial tomography c. fMRI d. MRI

Computed axial tomography

Reliability of a test refers to the a. Extent to which a test measures what it is designed to measure b. Client's general level of intelligence c. Consistency of test scores d. None of the above

Consistency of test scores

Which of the following factors is most important when determining whether or not a particular sexual behavior is abnormal? a. Context b. Level of exploitation c. Prevalence d. Level of shame

Context

Which of the following disorders is characterized by an alteration between dysphoric and hypomanic states? a) Bipolar disorder b) Euthymic disorder c) Cyclothymic disorder d) Dysthymic disorder

Cyclothymic disorder

_______________ is a temporary state in which individuals experience a clouding of consciousness during which they are unaware of what is happening around them. a. Neurocognitive disorder b. Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease c. Amnesia d. Delirium

Delirium

_______________________ is a sense of unreality or detachment from one's surroundings and a sense that what is happening is not real. a. Depersonalization b. Derealization c. Dissociation d. Dissociative fugue

Derealization

When someone forgets personal information and travels to a different location following a severely traumatic event, they are said to be in a ______________.

Dissociative fugue

Which of the following types of intellectual disability is due to an extra twenty- first chromosome? a. Tay-Sachs b. Down Syndrome c. Fragile X d. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Down Syndrome

According to the DSM-5, _______________ is a sexual pain disorder that involves painful recurrent or persistent involuntary spasms of the outer muscles of the vagina. a. Sexual aversion disorder b. Genito-pelvic pain/penitration disorder c. Dyspareunia d. Sexual desire disorder

Dyspareunia

________________ functioning includes cognitive abilities such as abstract thinking, planning, and the organization and execution of behaviors. a. Organizational b. Executive c. Functional d. Visuospatial

Executive

__________________________________ is a set of physical and mental birth defects that results from a mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

The term ____________ means a deviation involving the object of a person's sexual attraction.

Fetishistic

_____________ does not involve a decline in memory; rather, it is reflected in personality changes such as apathy, lack of inhibition, obsessiveness, and loss of judgment. a. pseudodementia. b. frontotemporal dementia. c. Huntington's disease. d. Parkinson's disease.

Huntington's disease.

What is the advantage of a structured interview over an unstructured interview? a. It is a systematic approach that reduces variations between clinicians b. It helps researchers and clinicians attain precise accuracy in diagnosing clients c. It relies less on the clinical experience and judgment on the interviewer d. All of the above

It helps researchers and clinicians attain precise accuracy in diagnosing clients

Which of the following are forms of neurocognitive disorders associated with long-term heavy alcohol use? a. Wernicke's disease and Alzheimer's disease b. Wernicke's disease and Broca's disease c. Korsakoff's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease d. Korsakoff's syndrome and Wernicke's disease

Korsakoff's syndrome and Wernicke's disease

Clinicians advise clients who have frequent manic episodes to remain on which of the following drugs as a preventive measure? a) Fluoxetine b) Amitriptyline c) Valproate d) Lithium

Lithium

MRI (a type of brain scan) stands for a. Magnetic resonance imaging b. Mirrored radiowave interpretation c. Mental reaction indicator d. Multiple resonance imputation

Magnetic resonance imaging

During his tenure as a prosecutor, Larson had once helped to book an innocent man in a murder trial. Following this incident he lost his appetite (leading to weight loss) and developed insomnia. Of late he has also become dysphoric and has developed suicidal tendencies. Identify the disorder from which Larson is likely suffering. a) Major depressive disorder b) Autism c) Bipolar disorder d) Cyclothymic disorder

Major depressive disorder

______________ and _______________ were the first investigators to study sexual behavior in the laboratory.

Masters and Johnson

_____ is a characterized by exaggerated emotional reactions, approaching theatricality, in everyday behavior. a. Narcissistic personality disorder b. Borderline personality disorder c. Antisocial personality disorder d. Avoidant personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder

The "Cluster A" personality disorders are a. histrionic, schizotypal, avoidant. b. antisocial, borderline, narcissistic. c. schizoid, antisocial, histrionic. d. schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid.

Odd and Eccentric schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid.

The following is NOT a DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorder: a. Agoraphobia b. Acute stress disorder c. Panic disorder d. Post-traumatic stress disorder

Panic disorder

_______________ involves neuronal degradation of the basal ganglia and includes symptoms such as dementia and motor abnormalities like involuntary shaking of the hands, ankles, and head (i.e., resting tremors). a. Parkinson's disease b. Pick's disease c. Lewy body dementia d. Huntington's disease

Parkinson's disease

What is a chronic, less severe mood disturbance, in which the individual does not experience a major depressive episode called? a) Persistent depressive disorder b) Euthymic disorder c) Bipolar disorder d) Cyclothymic disorder

Persistent depressive disorder or Dysthymic disorder

How do clinicians typically begin their psychological assessment? a. Intelligence testing b. Clinical interview c. Neuroimaging d. Personality testing

Personality testing

Infants who are born missing an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxase, which breaks down an amino acid found in foods that contain proteins, have what disorder? a. Autism spectrum disorder b. Fragile X syndrome c. Phenylketonuria d. Down syndrome

Phenylketonuria

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Physical disorders, such as hypoglycemia, hyperthyroidism, and insulin-secreting tumors can cause panic-like symptoms b. One biological cause of panic disorder is increased GABA activity c. Higher levels of norepinephrine can make an individual less likely to experience fear, anxiety, and panic d. Conditioned fear reactions are a type of behavioral technique that combine breathing retraining, psychoeducation, and cognitive restructuring

Physical disorders, such as hypoglycemia, hyperthyroidism, and insulin-secreting tumors can cause panic-like symptoms

Although primarily a disease involving loss of motor control (leading to chorea), _______________ is a degenerative disorder that can also affect personality and cognitive functioning. a. Parkinson's disease b. Pick's disease c. Frontotemporal dementia d. Huntington's disease

Pick's disease

A/n _______ is someone who receives sexual pleasure from causing pain. a. Exhibitionist b. Voyeur c. Masochist d. Sadist

Sadist

IQ tests are used for all of the following purposes EXCEPT a. Overall cognitive evaluation b. Diagnosis of learning disabilities c. Personnel selection to evaluate potential employees d. Screening for alcoholism

Screening for alcoholism

Which neurotransmitter(s) seems to play an important role in causing genetically predisposed individuals to develop major depressive disorder? (select all that apply) a) Dopamine b) Serotonin c) Epinephrine d) Norepinephrine

Serotonin

___________________ is a maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms during a 12- month period caused by the continued use of a substance.

Substance dependence

____________________ is the temporary maladaptive experience of behavioral or psychological changes due to the accumulation of a substance in the body.

Substance intoxication

Dissociative disorders are a class of disorders marked by: a. Sudden changes in person's sense of identity, memory, and/or consciousness without a clear physical cause b. Progressive decline of cognitive abilities c. Long-standing behavioral patterns that interfere with interpersonal functioning and emotional regulation d. Sudden changes in a person's cognitive abilities and attention caused by a disruption of brain metabolism

Sudden changes in person's sense of identity, memory, and/or consciousness without a clear physical cause

Paulie is a first-grader with developmental disabilities. He spends half the day with his regular first grade class and half the day with a special education class that focuses on his particular deficits. Which of the following educational approaches is being used in Paulie's case? a. Paulie is receiving special education classes only. b. Teachers are combining mainstreaming with special education. c. Paulie is being mainstreamed. d. Teachers are unable to apply regular educational approaches with Paulie.

Teachers are combining mainstreaming with special education.

The "Cluster C" personality disorders are a. avoidant, paranoid, schizoid b. antisocial, borderline, narcissistic c. dependent, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive d. schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid.

The anxious and fearful behaviors dependent, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive

Which disorders comprise "Cluster B"? a. Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive b. Dependent, antisocial, avoidant, borderline c. Histrionic, narcissistic, dependent, avoidant d. Histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial

Thedramatic,erratic,and emotional behaviors Histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial

____________ refers to the process of an individual requiring larger and larger amounts of a substance in order to achieve the desired effects.

Tolerance

Adults with dysthymia need to have met a limited set of the criteria for major depressive disorder for at least what length of time to receive the diagnosis? a) Two months b) Six months c) One year d) Two years

Two years

The ______ is a series of open-ended questions which seeks information about the client's symptoms, family background, life history, and reasons for coming into therapy. a. SCID b. Rorschach c. Unstructured interview d. Behavioral self-report

Unstructured interview

Travis calls himself a "peeping Tom." He likes to walk around his neighborhood at night and see if any of his neighbors' bedroom drapes are open. If they are, he gets closer to the house in the hopes that he might catch someone changing or having sex. How would clinicians categorize Travis's behavior? a. Fetishistic behavior b. Partialism c. Voyeuristic disorder d. Frotteuristic disorder

Voyeuristic disorder

Spiritual approach

abnormal behavior is the product of possession of evil or demonic spirits

Humanitarian Approach

abnormal behavior that is the product of cruelty, stress, or poor living conditions

Dissociative amnesia is a. often triggered by a specific, upsetting event b. not attributable to neurological dysfunction or damage c. characterized by an abrupt onset d. all of the above

all of the above

In dissociative identity disorder, it is assumed that a person develops more than one self or personality. These personalities are referred to as a. hosts. b. alters. c. dissociatives. d. faces.

alters

Vascular dementia is NOT typically caused by a. an organic brain disorder that kills brain cells. b. several small strokes that damage the brain. c. a severe lack of oxygen to the brain for several minutes. d. a blood clot that erupts in the brain.

an organic brain disorder that kills brain cells.

The effects of drugs on neural communication a. are to always slow down neural activity. b. vary depending on the type of drug ingested. c. affect only the amount of neurotransmitters in the synapse, but not the receiving neuron's sensitivity. d. affect only the receiving neuron's sensitivity, but not the amount of the neurotransmitters in the synapse.

are to always slow down neural activity.

Scientific Approach

based on causes we can objectively measure

The personality disorders represent a mix of long-standing personal dispositions and a. behavior patterns in identity and personal relationships. b. delusions about an individual's identity. c. cognitions about the social environment. d. hallucinations about physical and psychological phenomena.

behavior patterns in identity and personal relationships.

What causes abnormal behavior?

biopsychosocial model Biological - genetic, medical, brain damage, environmental Psychological - Traumatic life experiences Sociocultural - Disturbances in relationships

Emotional dysregulation and "splitting" (switching between idealizing a person and then detesting them) is seen in clients with a. antisocial personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. schizotypal personality disorder. d. avoidant personality disorder.

borderline personality disorder.

Clinicians classify alcohol as a a. stimulant. b. hallucinogen. c. depressant. d. antidepressant.

depessant

Derealization is a symptom sometimes experienced by individuals with a. depersonalization disorder. b. dissociative fugue. c. dissociative identity disorder. d. dissociative amnesia.

dissociative identity disorder

The primary explanation of dissociative identity disorder focuses on a. disturbances in childhood in the development of a sense of self. b. the role of psychotropic medications and GABA neurotransmitters. c. the role of media attention. d. the role of the individual's family during adolescence.

disturbances in childhood in the development of a sense of self

Specific learning disorder is a delay or deficit in an academic skill that is evident when an individual's achievement on standardized tests is substantially below what would be expected for others of comparable a. age. b. education. c. intelligence. d. all of these

education

The human sexual response cycle developed by Masters and Johnson consists of a. refractory period and arousal. b. excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. c. arousal and orgasm. d. desire, intimacy, excitement, and orgasm.

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

The paraphilic disorder _______________ refers to sexual urges of rubbing against or fondling a nonconsenting person. a. pedophilia b. fetishistic disorder c. frotteuristic disorder d. exhibitionism

frotteuristic disorder

A person's __________________ refers to their self-perception as a male or female. a. sexual orientation b. gender role c. gender identity d. sexuality

gender identity

Children with ____________ maintain adequate cognitive and language development, but become severely impaired in social interaction. a. specific learning disorder b. Fragile X c. ADHD d. high-functioning autism spectrum disorder

high-functioning autism spectrum disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder involving __________ and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.

inattentiveness

Such as in the case of Gender Dysphoria, the authors of the DSM-5 are hoping to avoid the issue of judging abnormality based on a behavior's morality and instead based it on a(n) a. behavior's legality. b. individual's subjective experience of distress c. behavior's normality. d. cultural context

individual's subjective experience of distress

Dissociative Identity Disorder a. is a disorder that indicates that an individual, when under stress, acts in a way that conflicts with their usual personality style. b. is a common disorder in which a person feels suicidal and unloved. c. is a disorder in which different personalities co-exist in a single body. d. refers to ingrained patterns of dealing with people and situations that lead to maladaptive relationships

is a disorder in which different personalities co-exist in a single body.

The first sign of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease is a. memory loss. b. aphasia. c. apraxia. d. executive dysfunction.

memory loss.

Individuals with ________ personality disorder view themselves as exceptional (compared to others) and may constantly attempt to gain approval from others. a. antisocial b. avoidant c. borderline d. narcissistic

narcissistic

A set of inflexible traits that prevent a person from functioning effectively within society is called a(n) ______________. a. mood disorder. b. anxiety disorder. c. psychotic disorder. d. personality disorder.

personality disorder.

Derealization

sense of unreality or detachment from one's surroundings and a sense that what is happening is not real.

Amphetamines, which can cause hostility, violence, and paranoia in its users, is classified as a a. stimulant. b. hallucinogen. c. depressant. d. antidepressant.

stimulant

If a person is experiencing withdrawal when they stop using a substance, they most likely meet criteria for a. substance abuse. b. substance dependence. c. substance intoxication. d. relapse.

substance dependence.

Although not a diagnosable disorder, ______ is one potential diagnostic feature of a major depressive episode. a) suicidality b) mania c) hypertension d) schizophrenia

suicidality

Delirium typically a. has a brief duration. b. tends to fluctuate over the course of the day. c. develops following infection, acute medical event, or other precipitating factor. d. all of these

tends to fluctuate over the course of the day.

Psychologists define substance-use disorder as a. any use of a substance. b. the continued use of a substance even though it causes significant problems in an individual's life. c. the need for increasing doses of a drug to maintain the same effect. d. the point at which an individual has a physical or psychological need for a drug.

the point at which an individual has a physical or psychological need for a drug.

Dissociation

unable to remember personal information, experiences, usually associated upon a tragic event