Abnormal Psychology 5&6 Christine

A person who copes well with a happy event in life is showing a positive: stressor. stress response. stress model. stress.

b

An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not to vacuum for a week would be receiving which type of therapy? Family therapy Exposure and response prevention Reinforcement for compulsive behavior Free association

b

At a workshop about dissociative identity disorder, a therapist says, "In my experience, once integration begins, the need for therapy is practically over, and later dissociations just don't happen." This therapist's experience is: a bit unusual; most successful therapies cease before integration. very unusual; most successful therapies last well beyond the beginning of integration. typical. a bit unusual; most successful therapies cease immediately after integration.

b

Which has been proposed as a possible cause of dissociative disorders? Regression Self-hypnosis Modeling Classical conditioning

b

Which perspective focuses on the intersection and context of important factors at key points of time throughout a person's lifespan? Psychodynamic Developmental psychopathology Cognitive Evolutionary

b

The feeling of being on edge for no apparent reason is called: free-floating anxiety. specific anxiety. fearful anxiety. obsession.

a

A combat veteran says, "The therapist wants me to imagine scenes where I was in combat and imagine them like I was there. I don't want to do that! How can this possibly help me?" The BEST response is: "Your therapist is suggesting an effective form of exposure called flooding." "Your therapist is suggesting something called virtual exposure, but no one knows if it helps." "That really can't help you. The best thing to do is suppress your fear, control it." "You should try drug therapy; that usually works, even without additional therapy."

a

A compulsion to keep placing certain items (such as clothing, books, or foods) in perfect order in accordance with strict rules is a: balance compulsion. cleaning compulsion. checking compulsion. counting compulsion.

a

A visual image that is retained so vividly that one can continue to scan it for more information is called: an eidetic image. jamais vu. déjà vu. the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

a

According to cognitive-behavioral theorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors? Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced. They are irrational thinkers. They need a higher level of anxiety than average to be productive. They have been punished in the past for engaging in the compulsive behaviors.

a

According to developmental psychopathologists, why do children tend to fare worse than adults when faced with an extreme stressor for the first time? Their stress pathways and stress circuits are not yet fully developed. They have not directly witnessed models of appropriate coping. Their young age makes them ineligible for certain therapies. They believe that negative actions are a direct consequence of their thoughts.

a

Alexis has dissociative identity disorder. When one of her personalities, Jodi, is asked about another one, Tom, she claims ignorance. Tom has never heard of Jodi, either. This is called a: mutually amnesic relationship. mutually cognizant pattern. coconscious relationship. one-way amnesic relationship.

a

Dissociative identity disorder is _____ to be diagnosed in a woman compared with a man. three times more likely two times less likely three times less likely two times more likely

a

Gwen is held up at knifepoint, and her young son is kidnapped. Eventually, her son is found and returned. However, Gwen is unable to recall events that occurred since the attack, although she remembers some new experiences; worse still, she finds that she is forgetting events that occurred even before the attack. This is a classic example of: generalized amnesia. selective amnesia. continuous amnesia. localized amnesia.

a

Key to our sense of identity is our: memory. environment. ego ideal. moral code.

a

Laurent has three subpersonalities. Fiona emerges when Laurent is in an awkward social situation, Grace surfaces during sporting events, and Carlos appears when Laurent is angry. The therapist believes that the mood and conditions under which each subpersonality appears are critical to understanding this disorder, demonstrating a belief in: state-dependent learning. convergent variable learning. avoidant dysmorphia. neurobiological concordance.

a

Psychodynamic therapies as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorders: appear to work better when used in the short term rather than in traditional ways. do not interpret the client's behavior. must avoid pointing out the client's defense mechanisms. work on intensifying the underlying conflict.

a

Someone who is experiencing doubling is: feeling as if his or her mind is floating above him or her. showing two out of several multiple personalities at the same time. experiencing hyperactivity of the brain-body stress pathways. transitioning from one subpersonality to another.

a

Switching in a person with dissociative identity disorder means: the person has changed from one subpersonality to another. the host personality has put in a relatively rare appearance. two subpersonalities rapidly changed back and forth several times. the person has faked a change in personality.

a

The collective reactions generated by the sympathetic nervous system pathway and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway are termed the: fight-or-flight response. conditioned stress response. autonomic stress response. stressor-stress response.

a

The group of hormones that are referred to as "stress hormones" are: corticosteroids. peptide hormones. prolactins. amino acid derivatives.

a

The most common type of dissociative amnesia is: localized amnesia. continuous amnesia. selective amnesia. generalized amnesia.

a

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the _____ system. endocrine nervous exocrine autonomic

a

The psychodynamic method that has been shown to significantly reduce the levels of anxiety, worry, and social difficulty of patients with generalized anxiety disorder is: short-term psychodynamic therapy. relational psychoanalytic therapy. free association. dream analysis.

a

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders? They are triggered by traumatic events. They are new diagnoses, first appearing in DSM-5. They are varieties of depression. They are most successfully treated with the same sort of medication: antipsychotics.

a

What is a compulsion? A repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that people feel they must perform A strong fear that influences anxiety A thought that a person cannot get out of their head A thought, idea, impulse, or image that seem to invade a person's consciousness

a

Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part? Dissociative disorder Mood disorder Personality disorder Histrionic personality disorder

a

Which is NOT a treatment commonly used to treat dissociative amnesia? Flooding Psychodynamic therapy Hypnotic therapy Drug therapy

a

Which is typical of posttraumatic stress disorder? Increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt Inability to remember the event that led to the stress Increased responsiveness and emotion right after the event Obsession with revisiting the site of the traumatic event

a

Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of mindfulness-based therapy? It has been used to treat a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder. It is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability. Its use has been resisted in therapy applications. Many cognitive-behavioral therapists support its use in therapy applications, but only to treat generalized anxiety disorder.

a

Compared with men, women are _____ to develop generalized anxiety disorder. about half as likely twice as likely equally likely not at all likely

b

Investigators have shown that traumatic events are related to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter: dopamine. norepinephrine. GABA. serotonin.

b

Memory problems that do not interfere with daily living are referred to as: temporary dissociative memory loss. peculiarities of memory. age-related memory decline. subclinical dissociative memory.

b

People who experience obsessions show: typical levels of worry about real problems. thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them. thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist. a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate.

b

Poor health is BEST described as a: stress model. stressor. stress. stress response.

b

Salina was terrified during the magnitude 7.2 earthquake that hit where she lived. For a couple of weeks after the event, she did not sleep well or feel comfortable inside a building. However, her fears gradually diminished and were completely gone within a month. Her reaction to the earthquake would MOST likely be diagnosed as a(n): posttraumatic stress disorder. acute stress disorder. phobic reaction. panic attack.

b

The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are: personality disorders. anxiety disorders. sexual disorders. mood disorders.

b

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them: are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies. misinterpret bodily sensations. experience more than the average amount of stress. have relatives who are atypically anxious.

b

The drug treatment that is MOST effective in treating panic disorders is a(n): heart medication. antidepressant drug. antianxiety drug. antipsychotic medication.

b

The first step in treating people with dissociative identity disorder is to: establish a contract with the subpersonalities to prevent self-harm. bond with the primary personality. integrate the subpersonalities into a unity. provide a forum for the subpersonalities to communicate with one another.

b

What is the scientific name for hair-pulling disorder? Traumatomania Trichotillomania Gephyromania Musomania

b

Which group emphasizes the beliefs and expectations that lead someone with a social anxiety disorder to overestimate how bad a social interaction went? Biological theorists Cognitive-behavioral theorists Sociocultural theorists Existential theorists

b

"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would MOST likely be offered by a: biological theorist. cognitive-behavioral theorist. humanistic theorist. sociocultural theorist.

c

"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, AIDS, and violent crime everywhere. It's difficult to get a good job unless you're a computer genius." This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder. humanistic behavioral sociocultural psychodynamic

c

A client has been experiencing uncontrolled anxiety. His symptoms include edginess, sleep changes, fatigue, and significant distress. To meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, these symptoms must be present for _____ months or longer. 12 1 6 3

c

A client has body dysmorphic disorder and is considering plastic surgery. Is this a recommended treatment for this client? Yes. Plastic surgery typically relieves body dysmorphic symptoms. No. Studies show that almost one-third of people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder later attempt suicide. No. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder actually feel worse afterward. Possibly. Plastic surgery can improve clients' self-image if the "problem" area is small.

c

A friend asks you, "What's the name of that Tom Hanks' movie where a pirate takes over his ship and says, 'I'm the captain now'?" You remember the movie and know you know the title, but you can't think of it in the moment. This is an example of: déjà vu. jamais vu. the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. absentmindedness.

c

A procedure used to treat social anxiety disorder that forces the client to face his or her dreaded social situation until the fear subsides is: modeling. implosive therapy. exposure therapy. systematic desensitization.

c

Colton has dissociative identity disorder. Fat Freddy and Carmen are two personalities who are aware of all of the others but do not interact with them. Fat Freddy and Carmen would be described as: mutually cognizant. co-occurring. coconscious. self-reliant.

c

Lucy is considering taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. She could expect that: adding cognitive therapies would help relieve symptoms in the short term but not in the long term .this medication wouldn't be very effective. this medication would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if she stopped taking it. this medication would lead to immediate and long-lasting relief of symptoms.

c

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is known as: experimental extinction. implosive therapy. systematic desensitization. self-instruction training.

c

The effects of taking hallucinogens accompanied by feelings that objects are changing size, that other people are distorted, and that one might be mechanical is MOST similar to: amnestic fugue. multiple personalities. depersonalization. body dysmorphic disorder.

c

The number of diagnosed cases of dissociative identity disorder increased in the 1980s and 1990s. Some researchers are concerned about this trend, stating: the disorder cannot be definitively diagnosed until the person has been in therapy for more than seven years. this is a ploy used by criminals to try to avoid consequences for their criminal activity. many of the cases are unintentionally produced by clinicians. there are no research studies that confirm the disorder's existence.

c

Which characteristic is common with dissociative fugue? Being unable to retain new episodic knowledge Engaging in criminal activity Fleeing to a new location Losing long-term memories and procedural (skills-based) memories

c

Which child is MOST likely to develop a stress disorder later in life after experiencing a trauma? A child who lives in a poor neighborhood with his mother and father A child who lives with his grandmother in an upper-middle-income home in the suburbs A child who lives alone with a single mother who is working multiple jobs A child from a well-to-do family who has a pet and lives with extended family

c

Which therapy is an effective long-term, nonpharmacologic treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately? Psychodynamic Humanistic Cognitive-behavioral Biological

c

Women are approximately _____ as likely as men to develop stress disorders. four times three times twice five times

c

A friend says, "If we could just eliminate combat traumas, we could eliminate a great deal of posttraumatic stress disorder." The BEST response is: "Yes. Combat trauma produces as many cases of PTSD worldwide as civilian trauma does." "Maybe. However, many researchers think that combat trauma is significantly overrated as a source of PTSD." "Yes. In fact, combat trauma is the leading source of PTSD worldwide." "Yes. However, civilian trauma causes many more cases of PTSD than combat trauma does."

d

A person with _____ experiences wide-ranging and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety. obsessive-compulsive disorder social anxiety disorder specific phobia generalized anxiety disorder

d

A person's attempt to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right internally is called: increasing. clarifying. reinforcing. neutralizing.

d

According to intolerance of uncertainty theory, individuals with generalized anxiety disorder are: likely to underestimate the chances that any positive event will occur. able to tolerate uncertainty only in severely threatening events. able to tolerate uncertainty only in mildly threatening events. likely to have difficulty tolerating the knowledge that a negative event may occur.

d

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to things such as spiders and the dark than they do to such objects such as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of: stimulus generalization. modeling. conditioning. preparedness.

d

Compared with covert exposure therapy for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, virtual reality exposure therapy has been shown to be: less effective. equally effective. not at all effective. more effective.

d

Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: changes behavior in the clinic but does not carry over to the home and the workplace. is effective only in a group setting. works only in about 25 percent of those individuals who are treated with it. leads to improvement that often continues indefinitely.

d

For an antidepressant to be effective against obsessive-compulsive disorder, it must: decrease norepinephrine activity. increase norepinephrine activity. decrease serotonin activity. increase serotonin activity.

d

Juanita has dissociative identity disorder. Big Tony and Smart Alice are two personalities who are aware of all of the others. None of her other personalities is aware of the others. This would be called a: coconscious relationship. mutually cognizant pattern. mutually amnesic relationship. one-way amnesic relationship.

d

Kevin studies his history notes and textbook while he is drinking beer. According to some theorists, Kevin would later do better on his history exam if he also had alcohol in his system while taking the exam. These theorists would be basing their claim on: social learning theory. associative memory learning. active-avoidance learning. state-dependent learning.

d

Many researchers believe that one reason for higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder in women is: the age they are at the time of trauma. their lower self-esteem prior to the trauma. their willingness to seek treatment. the types of trauma they experience.

d

People with _____ have severe, persistent, and irrational anxiety about social or performance situations in which they may face scrutiny by others and possibly feel embarrassment. specific phobias agoraphobia generalized anxiety disorder social anxiety disorder

d

People with _____ keep picking at their skin, resulting in significant sores or wounds. hoarding disorder trichotillomania body dysmorphic disorder excoriation disorder

d

The usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to: have the "other" subpersonalities become subject to the subpersonality that has the "protector" role. gradually phase out all but one of the subpersonalities. have the subpersonalities develop equal "shares" of the person's functioning. merge the subpersonalities into a single identity.

d

Those people MOST likely to develop stress disorders are: not anxious and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them. not anxious and think they can control negative things that happen to them. anxious and think they can control negative things that happen to them. anxious and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them.

d

What are brain circuits? GABA receptors Brain formations in the prefrontal cortex Neurotransmitters at work Networks of brain structures that work together

d

When was it recognized that acute stress during combat could result in psychological symptoms after combat? After the Korean War After World War I After World War II After the Vietnam War

d

Which does NOT characterize stress disorders? Signs of increased arousal, such as poor sleep and exaggerated startle reactions Recurring memories, dreams, or nightmares about the event Reduced responsiveness to the world around one A compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

d

Which is the BEST example of dissociation as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder? Refusing to talk about the traumatic event Feeling that the environment isn't real, but more of a dream Having an out-of-body experience Feeling dazed or confused

d

Which statement provides the MOST persuasive argument against a psychodynamic explanation for dissociative identity disorder? Psychodynamic therapists do not even attempt to treat the disorder. The creation of subpersonalities is a conscious event. Repression can occur either as a single major event or over a lifetime. Most abused children do not develop the disorder.

d