Abnormal Psychology, Chapter 2
specific types
Kraepelin identified ________ _____ of mental disorders.
brain pathology; body parts; lobotomies
By the 1800s, mental disorders were looked at as an illness based on ______ __________ Downside: removal of ______ _______ and _____________.
biological; anatomical
During the contemporary period, __________ and __________ factors have been recognized as underlying both physical and mental disorders
16th; Europe; US
Early asylums were established in the ____ century throughout _________ and in parts of the ___
Wilhelm Wundt
First experimental psychological laboratory was developed by....
Freud
He developed a comprehensive theory of psychopathology, with an emphasis on inner dynamics of unconscious motives (psychodynamics).
Benjamin Rush
He is called the founder of American psychiatry and encouraged more humane treatment of patients with mental illness.
Sigmund Freud
He took the first major steps toward understanding psychological factors in mental disorders and had a Psychoanalytic perspective.
Kraepelin
He wrote the Compendium der Psychiatrie (1883), which was a forerunner to the DSM
Dorothea Dix
Her advocacy of the humane treatment of people with mental illness stood in stark contrast to the cruel treatment common at the time.
dreams; personality
Hippocrates associated _______ and ___________.
intellectual activity; brain pathology
Hippocrates believed that the brain was the central organ of ____________ _______ and that mental disorders were due to _______ __________.
mania, melancholia, or phrenitis
Hippocrates categorized all mental disorders in these three groups:
natural causes
Hippocrates proposed that mental disorders had...
Benjamin Franklin
His work with electricity was among the earliest efforts to explore electric shock to treat mental illness.
inhumane; ineffective; 1946
In 1940, most mental hospitals were _____________ and _____________, until the year _____ marked a turning point.
NIMH (National Institutes of Mental Health)
In 1946, this institution was organized and provided active support for research and training.
mesmerism
In this belief system, diseases were treated by "animal magnetism;" it was a source of heated debate in the 19th century
Edwin Smith papyrus
In this, the brain is described--possibly for the first time in history--and the writing clearly shows that the brain was recognized as the site of mental functions.
general paresis
The cure for _______ ________ (syphilis of the brain) was found in 1825, which raised hopes that organic bases would be found for many other mental disorders
inner dynamics; unconscious motives
Sigmund Freud emphasized the ________ ________ of _________ _________
1963
The Community Mental Health Act was written in what year?
internal medicine; circulatory system
The Ebers papyrus dating from the 16th century in Egypt covers _________ _________ and the ____________ _________.
wound treatment
The Edwin Smith papyrus dating from the 16th century in Egypt contains detailed descriptions of...
scientific questioning
The Renaissance led to a resurgence of ___________ __________ in Europe
learning; behavior
The behavioral perspective emphasizes the role of _________ in human _____________.
physical balance in body and brain
The treatment goal of the earliest asylums was to restore the...
Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson
These 2 men studied classical conditioning
alienists
These people -- medical professionals -- gained control of the asylums during the Victorian era and touted the benefits of Victorian morality as important to good mental health.
Quakers
These people in England believed that all people, even the insane, should be treated with kindness and respect.
William Tuke
This Englishman and Quaker was one of the first to reform the treatment of mentally ill patients, providing a pleasant country house where patients could live and work
Philippe Pinel
This Frenchman was one of the pioneers of bringing humanitarian reform to asylums, believing that patients with mental illness should be treated with kindness and consideration.
Clifford Beers
This Yale graduate described his own mental collapse and the bad treatment he received from mental institutions in his 1908 book A Mind That Found Itself.
Hill-Burton Act
This act passed in 1946 funded community mental health hospitals.
Nancy School--Charcot debate
This asked the question of whether mental disorders are caused by biological or psychological factors?
The Snake Pit
This book released in 1946 called attention to the plight of patients with mental illness.
classical conditioning
This process involves a neutral stimulus repeatedly paired with unconditioned stimulus; naturally elicits an unconditioned behavior
Ebers papyrus
This relic relied more on incantations and magic for explaining and curing disease with unknown causes.
Nancy School
This school of thought posited that hypnotism and hysteria are related and due to suggestion; and that hysteria, a form of self-hypnosis, could be caused and removed by hypnosis.
Bedlam
This was a monastery in London that was turned into an asylum by Henry VIII in 1547, and it became known for its deplorable conditions and practices.
sanguine; phlegmatic; choleric; melancholic
What are the four "types" of personalities associated with the four humors?
ancient Mesopotamia
What civilization had clear recognition of mental health problems?
Cattell
Who brought Wundt's methods to U.S.?
Witmer
Who established the first American psychological clinic?
Thorndike, Skinner
Who was responsible for developing operant conditioning?