Abnormal Psychology, Chapter 2

specific types

Kraepelin identified ________ _____ of mental disorders.

brain pathology; body parts; lobotomies

By the 1800s, mental disorders were looked at as an illness based on ______ __________ Downside: removal of ______ _______ and _____________.

biological; anatomical

During the contemporary period, __________ and __________ factors have been recognized as underlying both physical and mental disorders

16th; Europe; US

Early asylums were established in the ____ century throughout _________ and in parts of the ___

Wilhelm Wundt

First experimental psychological laboratory was developed by....

Freud

He developed a comprehensive theory of psychopathology, with an emphasis on inner dynamics of unconscious motives (psychodynamics).

Benjamin Rush

He is called the founder of American psychiatry and encouraged more humane treatment of patients with mental illness.

Sigmund Freud

He took the first major steps toward understanding psychological factors in mental disorders and had a Psychoanalytic perspective.

Kraepelin

He wrote the Compendium der Psychiatrie (1883), which was a forerunner to the DSM

Dorothea Dix

Her advocacy of the humane treatment of people with mental illness stood in stark contrast to the cruel treatment common at the time.

dreams; personality

Hippocrates associated _______ and ___________.

intellectual activity; brain pathology

Hippocrates believed that the brain was the central organ of ____________ _______ and that mental disorders were due to _______ __________.

mania, melancholia, or phrenitis

Hippocrates categorized all mental disorders in these three groups:

natural causes

Hippocrates proposed that mental disorders had...

Benjamin Franklin

His work with electricity was among the earliest efforts to explore electric shock to treat mental illness.

inhumane; ineffective; 1946

In 1940, most mental hospitals were _____________ and _____________, until the year _____ marked a turning point.

NIMH (National Institutes of Mental Health)

In 1946, this institution was organized and provided active support for research and training.

mesmerism

In this belief system, diseases were treated by "animal magnetism;" it was a source of heated debate in the 19th century

Edwin Smith papyrus

In this, the brain is described--possibly for the first time in history--and the writing clearly shows that the brain was recognized as the site of mental functions.

general paresis

The cure for _______ ________ (syphilis of the brain) was found in 1825, which raised hopes that organic bases would be found for many other mental disorders

inner dynamics; unconscious motives

Sigmund Freud emphasized the ________ ________ of _________ _________

1963

The Community Mental Health Act was written in what year?

internal medicine; circulatory system

The Ebers papyrus dating from the 16th century in Egypt covers _________ _________ and the ____________ _________.

wound treatment

The Edwin Smith papyrus dating from the 16th century in Egypt contains detailed descriptions of...

scientific questioning

The Renaissance led to a resurgence of ___________ __________ in Europe

learning; behavior

The behavioral perspective emphasizes the role of _________ in human _____________.

physical balance in body and brain

The treatment goal of the earliest asylums was to restore the...

Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson

These 2 men studied classical conditioning

alienists

These people -- medical professionals -- gained control of the asylums during the Victorian era and touted the benefits of Victorian morality as important to good mental health.

Quakers

These people in England believed that all people, even the insane, should be treated with kindness and respect.

William Tuke

This Englishman and Quaker was one of the first to reform the treatment of mentally ill patients, providing a pleasant country house where patients could live and work

Philippe Pinel

This Frenchman was one of the pioneers of bringing humanitarian reform to asylums, believing that patients with mental illness should be treated with kindness and consideration.

Clifford Beers

This Yale graduate described his own mental collapse and the bad treatment he received from mental institutions in his 1908 book A Mind That Found Itself.

Hill-Burton Act

This act passed in 1946 funded community mental health hospitals.

Nancy School--Charcot debate

This asked the question of whether mental disorders are caused by biological or psychological factors?

The Snake Pit

This book released in 1946 called attention to the plight of patients with mental illness.

classical conditioning

This process involves a neutral stimulus repeatedly paired with unconditioned stimulus; naturally elicits an unconditioned behavior

Ebers papyrus

This relic relied more on incantations and magic for explaining and curing disease with unknown causes.

Nancy School

This school of thought posited that hypnotism and hysteria are related and due to suggestion; and that hysteria, a form of self-hypnosis, could be caused and removed by hypnosis.

Bedlam

This was a monastery in London that was turned into an asylum by Henry VIII in 1547, and it became known for its deplorable conditions and practices.

sanguine; phlegmatic; choleric; melancholic

What are the four "types" of personalities associated with the four humors?

ancient Mesopotamia

What civilization had clear recognition of mental health problems?

Cattell

Who brought Wundt's methods to U.S.?

Witmer

Who established the first American psychological clinic?

Thorndike, Skinner

Who was responsible for developing operant conditioning?