Abnormal Psychology - Chapter 4

A major limitation of treating generalized anxiety disorder with antipsychotic medication is that these medications:

Can produce serious side effects.

Until recently, the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came largely from:

Family pedigree studies.

How does fear differ from anxiety?

Fear is to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general.

What are the inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems called?

Irrational assumptions.

Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder:

Leads to improvement that often continues indefinitely.

According to the intolerance of uncertainty theory, individuals with generalized anxiety disorder are:

Likely to have difficulty tolerating the knowledge that a negative event may occur.

A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists, and one that continues to be influential today, is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:

Maladaptive assumptions.

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of what neurotransmitter at certain receptor sites in the brain?

GABA.

Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to:

Increase serotonin activity in the brain.

GABA acts by:

Inhibiting neural firing in the brain.

A person who believes that everything is a disaster and nothing good will ever happen again when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:

Irrational assumptions.

Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Which kind of theorist would offer the preceding explanation for anxiety disorders?

A humanistic theorist.

The drug treatment that is MOST effective in treating panic disorders is a(n):

Antidepressant drug.

The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are:

Anxiety disorders.

Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:

Are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress.

A compulsion to keep placing certain items (such as clothing, books, or foods) in perfect order in accordance with strict rules is a:

Balance compulsion.

Cognitive-behavioral theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also:

Believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others.

Which medications work primarily by enhancing the effectiveness of the GABA?

Benzodiazepines.

A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the __________ technique.

Covert.

People with __________ keep picking at their skin, resulting in significant sores or wounds.

Excoriation disorder.

An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not to vacuum for a week would be experiencing which type of therapy?

Exposure and response prevention.

What is the BEST combination of treatments to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?

Exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs.

A procedure used to treat social anxiety disorder that forces the client to face his or her dreaded social situation until the fear subsides is:

Exposure therapy.

A person experiences wide-ranging and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety. This is most likely which disorder?

Generalized anxiety disorder.

Your worries are only thoughts. Don't try to stop them! Recognize that they're thoughts, and don't let them upset you so much. These statements MOST likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

Misinterpret bodily sensations.

An exposure technique in which the therapist confronts the feared object or situation while the fearful person observes is called:

Modeling.

People with panic disorder experience body sensations:

More intensely than those people without panic disorder.

What are brain circuits?

Network of brain structures that work together.

Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks. This disorder is related to the levels of the neurotransmitter:

Norepinephrine.

Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter?

Norepinephrine.

Disorders that involve particular patterns of repetitive and excessive behavior that greatly disrupt a person's life and can cause shame are called:

Obsessive-compulsive-related disorders.

A person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and afraid of dying. Assuming the event is not a heart attack, but rather and indicator of anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely a:

Panic attack.

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n):

Panic disorder.

What is the biggest difference between those individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and those individuals who are unhappy with their appearance?

People with body dysmorphic disorder may severely limit their contact with other people.

Agoraphobia is the fear of:

Public places.

What is the therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis called?

Rational-emotive therapy.

Cognitive-behavioral theorists believe that compulsive behavior is:

Reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety.

The biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that:

Relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives are.

The first step is systematic desensitization treatment is:

Relaxation training.

The avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder suggests that worrying:

Serves to reduce bodily arousal.

Several techniques, such as modeling and role-play, are combined to treat social anxiety disorder in:

Social skills training.

if the idea of preparedness is accurate, then:

Some phobias should be acquired more easily than others.

A part of desensitization training, a phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention to confront snakes. This is an example of what kind of technique?

The in vivo technique.

What is anxiety sensitivity?

The inability to assess bodily sensation accurately.

According to cognitive-behavioral theorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors?

Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively enforced.

People who experience obsessions show:

Thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them.

The scientific name for hair-pulling disorder is:

Trichotillomania.

Compared with men, women are __________ to develop generalized anxiety disorder.

Twice as likely.

A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that stimulate real-world situations. This is an example of the __________technique.

Virtual reality.

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:

Why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety.