Abnormal Psychology Final

______ are synthesized sedatives that relax muscles, induce sleep, and have a high risk for suffocation due to relaxation of the diaphragm muscles.

barbiturates

When someone has ________ they have learned through practice how to hide their drunken behavior.

behavioral tolerance

_____ and related medications are often used to treat insomnia.

benzodiazepines

_____ are considered less dangerous and addictive than _____ even though they are both depressants.

benzodiazepines / barbiturates

______ disorder has a greater likelihood of remission and better response to treatment than other eating disorders.

binge-eating

In ______, the patient is made away of specific physiological functions previously thought to be involuntary.

biofeedback

In ______, the person has volatile relationships, mood swings, strong desire for attention, and high impulsivity.

borderline personality disorder

In _______ disorder, the individual experiences one or more positive symptoms of schizophrenia lasting one month or less, and may be the result of a brief reactive psychosis or childbirth.

brief psychotic

Antidepressants are more effective for treating _____ than other eating disorders.

bulimia

All of the following are ethical issues with therapy except... a) multiple relationships b) bartering or gift-giving c) refusing to treat and individual based on one's cultural competence d) abandoning patients e) inappropriate relationship with client

c

All of the following are psychological causes of eating disorders except: a) mood intolerance b) external harmony c) lack of motivation d) low self-esteem e) high social anxiety

c

All of the following are psychological treatments for depression except: a) CBT b) IPT c) Moral therapy d) ACT e) Gestalt therapy

c

All of the following are risk factors for substance-related disorders except: a) high sensitivity to drugs b) genetic vulnerability to drug use c) moral weakness d) negative affect e) positive reinforcement

c

Biological causes of sexual dysfunction include all of the following except: a) neurological diseases b) vascular diseases c) low blood pressure d) chronic illness d) prescription medication

c

Causes of intellectual disability include all of the following except... a) prenatal exposure to toxins b) postnatal malnutrition c) ingestion of too much thiamine d) chromosomal disorders e) abuse or neglect

c

Each of the following is a nonspecific personality trait that increases the likelihood of developing an eating disorder except: a) emotional instability b) poor impulse control c) excessive hostility d) emotional responsivity

c

Effects of cocaine include all of the following except: a) alertness b) euphoria c) hallucinations d) high blood pressure e) decreased appetite

c

Possible causes of dissociative identity include all of the following except: a) severe abuse during childhood b) natural tendency to dissociate c) extreme drug use d) lack of social support e) suggestibility or hypnotizability

c

Symptoms of mania include all of the following except: a) hyperactivity b) grandiose plans c) anhedonia d) flight of ideas e) irritability

c

all of the following are ways to treat paraphilias except: a) coping and relapse prevention b) chemical castration c) sex reassignment surgery d) covert sensitization e) orgasmic reconditioning

c

biological aspects of pain include all of the following except: a) muscle tension b) gate control theory c) preexisting medical conditions d) naturally existing opioids e) sex (male, female)

c

_____ are the chemicals in marijuana believed to alter mood and behavior.

cannabinoids

Individuals with illness anxiety disorder may be either ______ type or _______ type.

care-seeking / care-avoidant

The ________ branch of the immune system protects against viral and parasitic infections.

cellular

In ______, respiratory activity stops for brief periods during sleep, often due to a central nervous system disorder.

central sleep apnea

Individuals with _____ often wake up frequently during the night but may not be aware they have a breathing problem and don't typically report excessive daytime sleepiness.

central sleep apnea

The costliest medical problem in the U.S. is ______.

chronic pain

In ______, there is a discrepancy between one's sleep-wake schedule and the requirements of a person's environment that results in excessive sleepiness or insomnia.

circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder

_______ produces a different type of dependence, in which the addict has a growing inability to stop with no other apparent physical effects.

cocaine

Arbitrary inference and overgeneralization are examples of ________.

cognitive errors

intermittent explosive disorder is often treated with _______ interventions.

cognitive-behavioral

_______ is a psychological treatment program for HIV aimed at reducing stress and increasing social support

cognitive-behavioral stress-management

In ________, the individual suffers from persistent, intense symptoms of acute grief that is reflected in their thoughts and behaviors.

complicated grief

In ______, an addict and a therapist will set goals together and work towards them.

contingency management

In ______, the individual experiences physical malfunctioning such as paralysis and blindness, without physical pathology.

conversion disorder

_______ involves the blockage of arteries that supply blood to the heart.

coronary heart disease

Education is often used in the treatment of sexual dysfunction to ______.

correct expectations

_____ is one way to treat paraphilic disorders in which the patient associates arousing images in their imagination with reasons why that behavior is harmful.

covert sensitization

_____ is a DSM-criteria for all substance-abuse disorders

cravings

A _______ intellectual disability refers to cognitive impairments resulting from a combination of psychosocial and biological influences.

cultural-familial

In _______ disorder, the individual alternates between mood elevation and mood depression, but never to the point of full mania or major depressive episode.

cyclothymic

_________ disorder has an earlier onset that bipolar I or II and is more frequent in females.

cyclothymic

All of the following are classes of dementia except: a) of the Alzheimer's type b) vascular c) substance-induced persisting d) childhood e) multiple etiologies

d

All of the following are determinants of your stress response except: a) self-efficacy b) predictability c) ability to find coping mechanisms d) nutritional intake e) ability to be optimistic

d

All of the following are examples of delusions in schizophrenia except: a) grandeur b) persecution c) Capgrus syndrome d) illness e) Otard's syndrome

d

All of the following are examples of good sleep hygiene except: a) setting a regular sleep/wake time b) drinking milk before bedtime c) reducing noise and light in the bedroom d) extreme temperature changes to induce sleep e) exposure to natural light during the day

d

All of the following are medical consequences of anorexia nervosa except: a) amenorrhea b) dry skin c) lanugo d) salivary gland enlargement e) sensitivity to cold

d

All of the following are possible causes of illness anxiety disorder except: a) perceptual sensitivity to illness cues b) restrictive concept of health c) genetic tendency to over-respond to stress d) lack of knowledge about medical or psychological illnesses e) tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening

d

All of the following are potential causes of paraphilic disorders except: a) repressed serotonergic functioning b) early abuse or disordered relationships c) nature of early sexual fantasies d) watching a lot of porn e) weak inhibitory control

d

All of the following are subtypes of delusional disorder except: a) erotomanic b) grandiose c) jealous d) narcissistic e) persecutory

d

Causes of gender dysphoria may include all of the following except: a) higher hormone levels at critical period b) structural differences in brain areas responsible for sex hormones c) early gender nonconformity d) difficulties during pregnancy

d

all of the following are psychological contributions to sexual dysfunction except: a) anxiety b) performance demand c) distraction d) over-confidence e) negative affect

d

________ typically depress the CNS and impair consciousness

date rape drugs

The _____ view of delusions suggests that delusions are the result of brain dysfunction.

deficit

_______ disorder is when the male takes a long time to ejaculate, if at all.

delayed ejaculation

_____ is the rapid onset of impaired consciousness and cognition, characterized by confusion and disorientation

delirium

In ______ disorder, the individual has a persistent belief contrary to reality but does not suffer from other symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations.

delusional

In _____ the individual is so afraid of rejection and criticism that they cling to relationships and let others make decisions for them.

dependent personality disorder

In ______, you lose your own sense of reality. In ______ you lose your sense of reality of the external world.

depersonalization / derealization

In _______, the individual has persistent experiences of depersonalization and derealization.

depersonalization-derealization disorder

The stages of sexual response are...

desire, arousal, orgasm

Borderline Personality Disorder can be treated by _____ to address internal triggers.

dialectical behavior therapy

The _____ model of dependence emphasizes the biological nature of substance-related disorders.

disease

Individuals who have ______ experience motor movements and behaviors during NREM sleep that may include sleepwalking, sleep terrors, nocturnal eating syndrome, sexsomnia, or incomplete awakening.

disorders of arousal

_____ symptoms of schizophrenia include rambling speech, inappropriate affect, and catatonia.

disorganized

DSM-V introduced _______ as a disorder to avoid children with out-of-control behavior from being misdiagnosed with schizophrenia.

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A ____ is an alteration or detachment in consciousness or identity.

dissociation

If the individual suffers from a disorder within the class of ______ disorders, they experience loss of identity, memory, and reality.

dissociative

In ______, there is a failure to recall specific traumatic events.

dissociative amnesia

Designer Drugs are known as ______ because they cause drowsiness, pain relief, and depersonalization

dissociative anesthetics

In _____, memory loss revolves around a specific, unexpected trip.

dissociative fugue

Hypnosis to access unconscious memories is a popular method used to treat _______.

dissociative identity disorder

In ______, the individual adopts multiple, coexisting personality states and often experiences gaps in recall of daily events.

dissociative identity disorder

Cocaine affects the body by blocking the reuptake of _____.

dopamine

Individuals with schizophrenia tend to have a hyperactive _____ system.

dopamine

Gambling disorder involves abnormalities in the _____ system and the neurotransmitter _____.

dopamine / serotonin

Parents who use either a ______ or ______ communication style increase the likelihood that their child will develop schizophrenia or relapse.

double bind / expressed emotion

In ______, the individual experiences both major depressive episodes and persistent depression.

double depression

The ____ is the idea that therapist-patient confidentiality can be breached if someone else is in imminent danger.

duty to warn

A _____ involves difficulty going or remaining asleep, while a _____ involves abnormal behaviors and emotions during sleep.

dyssomnia / parasomnia

All of the following are areas of psychology research except: a) neuropsychology b) industrial psychology c) health psychology d) personality psychology e) criminal psychology

e

All of the following are defining criteria for depressive disorders except: a) psychotic features b) melancholic features c) mixed features d) atypical features e) manic features

e

All of the following are social dimensions of mood disorders except: a) marital relations b) social support c) parenting styles d) gender roles e) geographical region

e

Causes of antisocial personality disorder include all of the following except: a) childhood conduct disorder b) genetic influence c) lack of early high-quality relationships d) low threshold for arousal e) overly sensitive parenting

e

Causes of delirium include all of the following except... a) sleep deprivation b) infections c) brain trauma d) stress e) panic attacks

e

Effects of cannabis intoxication include all of the following except: a) mood swings b) dreamlike state c) heightened sensory experiences d) impaired memory e) aggressive behavior

e

Physiological symptoms of amphetamines include all of the following except: a) increased heart rate b) perspiration and chills c) muscular weakness d) respiratory depression and chest pain e) increased appetite and weight gain

e

Psychological treatments of sleep disorders include all of the following except: a) guided imagery relaxation b) graduated extinction c) paradoxical intention d) stimulus control e) phototherapy

e

Risk factors for suicide include all of the following except: a) family history of suicide b) low levels of serotonin c) existing psychological disorders d) level of hopelessness e) poor school performance

e

Steroids are typically prescribed for all of the following except: a) asthma b) anemia c) cancer d) inadequate sexual development e) performance enhancement

e

Treatment for specific learning disorders include all of the following except: a) specific skills instruction b) strategy instruction c) systematic instruction d) teaching for mastery e) medication

e

Anorexia has an _____ age of onset than bulimia, but both ages are getting younger.

earlier

_______ is used to treat severe depression with psychotic features, in the case that medication did not work, but has serious side effects such as memory loss.

electroconvulsive therapy

It is believed that auditory hallucinations are common in schizophrenia because such individuals have poor _________ comprehension, in that they confuse their own thoughts for the voices of other people.

emotional prosody

The three types of memory are...

episodic, semantic, procedural

_____ is a male arousal disorder in which the the man has difficulty becoming erect.

erectile disorder

______ refers to sexual gratification for unexpectedly exposing oneself to another.

exhibitionism

______ is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the inner conflict.

existential therapy

The _____ is a cognitive cause of substance-related disorders in which a person expects to feel really good from taking a drug, so they are more likely to take it.

expectancy effect

Illness anxiety disorder is sometimes treated with ________ therapy, in which the individual is educated on the basics of medical health.

explanatory

________ symptoms are one side effect of neuroleptics that resemble symptoms of Parkinson's.

extrapyramidal

In _____, physical symptoms are under voluntary control, but there is no obvious reason to produce them other than to assume a "sick role".

factitious disorder

________ is a degenerative brain disorder in which total lack of sleep causes death

fatal familial insomnia

______ is an orgasm disorder in which the female fails to reach climax.

female orgasmic disorder

______ is a female sexual desire disorder

female sexual interest/arousal disorder

______ is sexual gratification from an object or specific body part.

fetishism

_____ is sexual gratification from rubbing against someone unsuspecting.

frotteurism

______ represents a mismatch between your biologically determined sex and your gender identity.

gender dysphoria

The _____________ is the sequence of stages the body goes through in response to sustained stress.

general adaptation system

Alcohol's effect on the ______ circuit is likely responsible for the cognitive effects of intoxication.

glutamate

______ is used to help children who have difficulty sleeping, and involves the parent checking on the child after progressively longer periods.

graduated extinction

______ have no withdrawal symptoms, but have a possibility of psychotic reactions.

hallucinogens

Individuals with somatic symptom disorder often have a high level of ________.

health-related anxiety

_____ T cells aid the immune system.

helper

The most commonly abused opiate is _____.

heroin

______ is one biological treatment for HIV

highly active antiretroviral therapy

The _____ is one personality in dissociative identity disorder that seeks treatment, but is not always the "first" personality.

host identity

_____ and _____ double the risk of hypertension

hostility / urgency

The _________ branch of the immune system has to do with the blood and other bodily fluids.

humoral

The two branches of the immune system are...

humoral, cellular

Individuals with _______ disorder have excessive sleepiness, sleep longer than normal, and tend to fall asleep during the day.

hypersomnolence

_____ is the "silent killer".

hypertension

A _____ episode is a less severe version of mania that typically lasts less than four days.

hypomanic

CBT is sometimes used to treat _______ by focusing on illness-related misinterpretations of physical sensations.

illness anxiety disorder

In ______, the individual has severe, chronic anxiety focused on the possibility of developing a serious disease, but does not actually present somatic symptoms.

illness anxiety disorder

Stress affects the immune system by creating an _________.

inflammatory response

In ______ the individual may have little microsleeps.

insomnia disorder

In _______, the individual accepts their loss and feelings of grief no longer interfere with daily functioning.

integrated grief

When an individual has below-average intellectual functioning and difficulty in practical domains, they can be diagnosed with _______.

intellectual disability

_______ is an impulse control disorder in which the person acts on aggressive impulses.

intermittent explosive disorder

The AAIDD classification system for intellectual disability is based on support level and includes...

intermittent, limited, extensive, pervasive

Individuals with a depressive attributional style tend to attribute negative events in these three areas...

internal, stable, global

________ is a psychological treatment for bipolar disorder that aims to regulate circadian rhythms, establish coping skills, and reduce family tension.

interpersonal and social rhythm therapy

_______ is a psychological treatment for depression that focuses on resolving problems in existing relationships and forming new ones.

interpersonal psychotherapy

Treatment for histrionic personality disorder often focuses on improving ______.

interpersonal relationships

The _______ of suicide suggests that the individual views themselves as a burden on others and has feelings that they don't belong.

interpersonal theory

Causes of _____ include chromosomal syndrome, ambiguous genitalia, or organ abnormalities.

intersex

_____ T cells attack antigens.

killer

People with _____ score high on measures of impulsivity and often experience amnesia.

kleptomania

IPT is a ____ effective treatment for bulimia than CBT-E.

less

_____ is the gold standard for treating bipolar disorder, and has mood-stablizing effects.

lithium

________ comprise B and T cells, neutralizing antigens and remembering for next time.

lymphocytes

The ______ are the body's first line of defense, that surround the antigen and destroy it.

macrophages

A _______ is never overtly drunk, but physically addicted.

maintenance alcoholic

______ is a male sexual desire disorder.

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A person who fakes ill can be described as ______.

malingering

When depressive disorder is specified by melancholic features, the individual has more severe ______ symptoms such as weight loss and loss of libido.

melancholic

_____ T cells remember antigens for next time.

memory

The traditional classification system for intellectual disability was based on IQ and included...

mild, moderate, severe, profound

_______ is one treatment for schizophrenia that emphasizes on improved socialization, routines, and the value of work and religion.

moral treatment

The ________ view of delusions suggests that the delusions are an attempt to cope and reduce anxiety.

motivational

In _______, the person is self-important, has illusions of grandiosity, and lacks empathy or compassion.

narcissistic personality disorder

In _____, the individual has irresistible attacks of sleep and episodes of cataplexy due to sudden onset of REM sleep.

narcolepsy

______ symptoms of schizophrenia involves deficits in normal behavior.

negative

Tobacco-related disorders have been linked with ______.

negative affect

_______ is a psychological dimension of substance-related disorders in which the user continues to ingest the substance to remove negative feelings, including the negative symptoms of withdrawal (self-medicating).

negative reinforcement

Schizophrenia can be treated by a class of antipsychotic medications called _____, which act as dopamine agonists to reduce positive symptoms.

neuroleptics

The general predisposition to anxiety or mood disorders is undergirded by _______.

neuroticism

The five factors of personality are...

neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience

_______ is a fast-acting CNS stimulant that relieves stress, improves mood, and increases blood pressure.

nicotine

In ______, the sleeper is repeatedly awakened by disturbing dreams.

nightmare disorder

In ______, the individual is rigid and inflexible, but not to the point of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

In _____, airflow stops completely but the respiratory system continues, resulting in snoring.

obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

According to the theory of _______ of pain behavior, social factors influence how we experience pain.

operant control

______ involves introducing another visual right before climax.

orgasmic reconditioning

_____ is not in the DSM, but described rigidity in diet, also known as a "health food junkie."

orthorexia

In _____, the person has a severe mistrust of others.

paranoid personality disorder

The three disorders in Class A (Odd or Eccentric) personality disorders are...

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

________ is the sexual attraction to prepubescent children.

pedophilia

CBT is sometimes used in the treatment of sexual dysfunction to reduce _____.

performance anxiety

In ______, the individual experiences a few depressive symptoms, but they last much longer.

persistent depressive disorder

two environmental treatments of sleep disorders are...

phase delays/advances, phototherapy

Nicotine works by stimulating receptors in the brain's _______.

pleasure pathway

The two types of government power relating to mental health are...

police power / parental power

______ symptoms of schizophrenia involves distorted reality, such as delusions and hallucinations.

positive

_______ life events can trigger mania.

positive stressful

The four-stage model of alcohol dependence involves...

prealcoholic, prodromal, crucial, chronic

The two main psychological factors that determine your stress response are...

predictability, controllability

______ disorder is an orgasm disorder in which the male ejaculates very quickly after penetration.

premature ejaculation

In ______, insomnia is treated by relaxing the muscles of the body to induce drowsiness.

progressive relaxation

A _______ is a psychological profile of someone who committed suicide, reconstructed through extensive interviews with friends and family members.

psychological autopsy

Anxiety severe enough to worsen an asthmatic condition is an example of ________ condition.

psychological factors affecting medical

______ is the study of how psychological factors play a role in the development of cancer.

psychoncology

_________ is the study of psychological influences on the neurological response, and its relationship to the immune system.

psychoneuroimmunology

______ is an impulse control disorder often comorbid with antisocial personality disorder and alcoholism

pyromania

With ______, the individual with bipolar disorder experiences at least four manic or depressive episodes within a year.

rapid-cycling specifier

the most common specifier of specific learning disorders is _____.

reading

______ occurs when medication is withdrawn and sleep problems reappear.

rebound insomnia

The three main effects of opiates are...

reduce pain, induce sleep, euphoria

________ treatment is used to teach addicts coping skills for dealing with triggers for use.

relapse prevention

_____ techniques such as visualization and diaphragmatic breathing are often used in psychosocial treatments of physical disorders.

relaxation

________ techniques are often used to treat obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

relaxation and distraction

_______ involves irresistible urges to move legs due to unpleasant sensations.

restless legs syndrome

_____ is an orgasm disorder in which the male's ejaculatory fluids travel backwards into the bladder.

retrograde ejaculation

users of marijuana often experience _______, in which they experience a better high with continued use.

reverse tolerance

______ is a benzodiazepine often used in date-rape cases.

rohypnol

In _______ disorder, the individual has symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders.

schizoaffective

In ____, the person has no interest in others and so detaches from relationships.

schizoid personality disorder

An individual with ________ disorder has the symptoms of schizophrenia for a few months, and then resumes normal lives.

schizophreniform

In _____, the person has erratic behavior but not to the point of full delusions, and often experiences anhedonia.

schizotypal personality disorder

The ______ is an example of a social/cultural contribution to sexual dysfunction in which people try to fill cultural gender roles.

script theory

______ = nondemand pleasuring, used to treat sexual disorders

sensate focus

The determining factor in chronic pain is one's _______.

sense of control

According to the permissive hypothesis of mood disorders, low levels of ______ cause imbalance of other hormones/neurotransmitters in the brain.

serotonin

Alcohol's effects on _____ circuits are likely responsible for the intense cravings and behavioral changes.

serotonin

____ refers to your biological anatomy, while ____ refers to what you identify with psychologically.

sex / gender

In ______, something goes wrong during one of the stages of sexual response.

sexual dysfunction

_____ is sexual gratification from having pain inflicted on oneself.

sexual masochism

______ refers to who you are sexually attracted to.

sexual orientation

______ is sexual gratification from inflicting pain on others.

sexual sadism

Folie à deux

shared psychotic disorder

_____ practices prevent sleep disorders by allowing the brain's normal drive for sleep to take over.

sleep hygiene

Individuals with narcolepsy commonly report _____ at the end of sleep and ______ at the start of sleep.

sleep paralysis / hallucinations

In _______, there is decreased airflow without a complete pause in breathing, resulting in elevated CO2 levels.

sleep-related hypoventilation

The strongest contribution to the etiology of eating disorders are ______.

sociocultural

"Medically unexplained physical symptoms"

somatic symptom disorder

The term schizophrenia was derived from "______", because it was first believed to be the result of associative splitting of the basic functions of personality.

split mind

______ is self-stimulating, soothing behaviors used by children on the spectrum

stimming

Hypersomnolence and narcolepsy are often treated with _____.

stimulants

In ______, the bedroom is to be used only for sleep and sex.

stimulus control

According to the _______, mood disorders are caused by overactivity of HPA axis and elevated cortisol that prevent the formation of new neurons

stress hypothesis

Treatment of conversion disorder requires that the individual identify the _______ and remove the _______.

stressful life event / secondary gain

In the bridge analogy, the cars are _____ and the wear and tear on the bride is ______.

stressors / stress

Childhood-onset fluency disorder is also known as _____.

stuttering

In _______ disorder, the individual suffers from delusions or hallucinations due to intoxication, withdrawal, or exposure to medication.

substance-induced psychotic

______ refers to severe sleep disturbances due to intoxication or withdrawal.

substance-induced sleep disorder

________ is a cardiac event caused by long-term use of inhalants.

sudden sniffing death

_____ T cells suppress the immune system.

suppressor

______ is sexual gratification from prank calling someone unsuspecting.

telephone scatologia

Anabolic-Androgenic steroids are a synthesized form of ______.

testosterone

Suicide is the ___ leading cause of death in U.S. adolescents.

third

According to the Pickle hypothesis, increased _____ to alcohol can reach a point where it never declines.

tolerance

_________ is sometimes used to treat the auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia.

transcranial magnetic stimulation

______ is sexual arousal from clothing of the opposite gender.

transvestic fetishism

According to Freud's four basic processes, an individual who develops conversion disorder goes through four stages:

trauma, repression, primary gain, secondary gain

_______ antidepressants have severe side effects and are lethal in excessive doses.

tricyclic

Specific learning disorders can be summed up as _______.

unexpected underachievement

______ is a sexual pain disorder in which the outer walls of the vagina constrict, making penetration extremely painful.

vaginismus

People who engage in ______ may be known as a "peeping tom"

voyeurism

According to the _________ model of schizophrenia, symptoms may worsen due to stressful life experiences, thus increasing the risk of relapse.

vulnerability-stress

_____ are more genetically vulnerable to mood disorders, while the environment plays a larger role for ____.

women / men

Individuals with bulimia nervosa often stay within ____ percent of their normal weight.

10

Individuals with anorexia have a ___ times higher risk of death from suicide than the general population

50

individual with anorexia drop to about ___ percent of the lower limit of their ideal weight.

85

_________ is the minor health problems that develop prior to an AIDS diagnosis

AIDS-related complex

___ cells operate in the humoral branch, while ___ cells operate in the cellular branch

B / T

Behavioral medicine is the interdisciplinary study of how ______ affects _______.

Behavior / health

In ________, the individual alternates between full manic episodes and major depres

Bipolar I disorder

In ________, the individual alternates between hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes.

Bipolar II disorder

short-term ____ is often used to treat eating disorders because it is trans-diagnostic, in that it can be adapted for anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder.

CBT

Bulimia nervosa is often treated by _____, in which the individual is educated about the physical consequences, follows a strict eating schedule, and introduces coping strategies for resisting impulse to binge/purge.

CBT-E

A _____ machine is the gold standard for treating obstructive sleep apnea, providing slightly pressurized air during sleep.

CPAP

An individual with schizophrenia suffering from ____ syndrome has delusions that their close relatives have been replaced by a double.

Capgrus

_________ involves repetitive blows to the head causing dementia-like symptoms.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Alcohol's effect on the _____ circuit is likely responsible for CNS depression by inhibiting connections between neurons.

GABA

_____ neurons keep us from experiencing an "unending high"

GABA

Alcohol influences the body through which three neurotransmitter systems?

GABA, glutamate, serotonin

In _____, the person is highly dramatic, self-centered, and often sexually inappropriate.

Histrionic personality disorder.

The most common hallucinogen is ____.

LSD

White blood cells

Leukocytes

Someone with a ____ in psychology has gone to graduate school but cannot be licensed to practice independently.

MA

____ is a designer drug with stimulant and hallucinogenic properties, but no evidence of classic withdrawal symptoms.

MDMA

Someone with a ___ can go into private practice as a LCSW but receives less reimbursement from insurance companies.

MSW

____________ is a form of factitious disorder in which an individual makes someone close to them sick in order to receive attention.

Munchausaen syndrome by proxy

During the _____, protection of society was considered more important than individual rights when it came to mental health, resulting in heavy institutionalization.

Neoconservative era

A ____ is a doctorate level degree in psychology that takes about five years to complete, is research-heavy, and allows the individual to practice as a clinical psychologist as well as teach at universities.

PhD

Someone with a ____ is a doctor of psychology, with a practice-oriented degree.

PsyD

Health psychology is a subfield of behavioral medicine that involves the study of ______ factors important to promoting health, developing interventions, and making policy recommendations.

Psychological

In ________, repeated episodes of arousal during sleep result in vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors arising during REM sleep.

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

____ block serotonin reuptake while ______ block both norepinephrine and serotonin.

SSRIs / mixed reuptake inhibitors

The four classes of antidepressants are..

SSRIs, mixed reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors

_________ is confidence that one can cope with stress or challenges.

Self-efficacy

______ is a long-term effect of alcohol use that looks similar to dementia and is caused by a deficiency in the vitamin thiamine.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Treatment of intellectual disability includes all of the following except: a) medication b) task analysis c) communication training d) supported employment

a

psychological factors that affect the development of coronary heart disease include all of the following except: a) personality disorders b) anger c) poor coping skills d) low social support e) negative affect

a

_______ focuses on the individual as a whole and their self-development

adlerian therapy

_____ is a symptom of dementia in which the person fails to recognize objects, and sometimes faces.

agnosia

_______ is a treatment for substance-related disorders that involves substituting a safe drug with a similar chemical makeup.

agonist substitution

The three stages of the general adaptation system are...

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Intoxication by inhalants resembles that of _____.

alcohol

The four "causes" of suicide are...

altruistic, egoistic, anomic, fatalistic

In ______ disorders, the individual has an inability to learn new information or recall previously learned information.

amnestic

Common ADHD medications such as Ritalin and Adderall belong to the class of drugs known as _____.

amphetamines

_____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder, with up to 20% of individuals diagnosed dying of related causes.

anorexia

_______ is a treatment for substance-related disorders in which the user is given a drug that blocks or counteracts the effects of the abused substance.

antagonist treatment

Cataplexy associated with sleep disorders is often treated with ______ to suppress REM.

antidepressant medication

The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on mood disorders is similar to that of ________.

antidepressant medication

Rapid-cycling specifier with bipolar disorder is sometimes precipitated by taking ________ medication, but can be treated by _______ and ________.

antidepressants / anticonvulsants / mood stabilizers

An _____ is a toxin, while an ______ fights toxins.

antigen / antibody

In _____ the person is often intelligent, manipulative, and engages in risk-taking behavior.

antisocial personality disorder

Preexisting _____ and _______ predict later chronic pain.

anxiety / personality problems

_____ is a symptom of dementia in which the person has difficulty remembering language.

aphasia

____ is a symptom of dementia in which the person shows impaired motor function.

apraxia

In ______ syndrome, the individual has some symptoms of schizophrenia but is aware of the troubling nature of these symptoms.

attenuated psychosis

When depressive disorder is specified by _____ features, the individual tends to overeat and oversleep, but can react with some pleasure to things.

atypical

Social deficits in ______ include lack of social referencing, mimicking, lack of eye contact or interest.

autism spectrum disorder

According to the _____, individuals develop dissociative identity disorder because they are especially suggestible and use dissociation as a defense against traumatic memories.

autohypnotic model

Antabuse is an example of an _____, used to make ingesting alcohol unpleasant.

aversive treatment

In ______ the individual is so afraid of rejection and has such low self-esteem that they avoid relationships altogether.

avoidant personality disorder

All of the following are biological causes of mood disorders except: a) low levels of serotonin b) low levels of dopamine c) earlier and long REM sleep d) asymmetrical activation of prefrontal cortex e) increased inhibition and motivational deficits

b

All of the following are breathing-related sleep disorders except: a) obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome b) interference sleep apnea c) central sleep apnea d) sleep-related hypoventilation

b

All of the following are causes of insomnia disorder except: a) pain and physical discomfort b) too much stability in light, noise, or temperature c) physical inactivity during the day d) psychological stresses e) learned anxiety about bedtime

b

All of the following are depressants except: a) alcohol b) marijuana c) rohypnol d) barbiturates e) benzodiazepines

b

All of the following are examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia except: a) avolition b) aphasia c) alogia d) anhedonia e) affective flattening

b

All of the following are medical consequences of bulimia except: a) salivary gland enlargement b) lanugo c) calluses on hands d) electrolyte imbalance e) cardiac arrhythmia

b

All of the following are possible causes of conversion disorder except: a) need to escape a traumatic event b) abusive household c) less knowledge about medical illness in the community d) prior experience with real physical problems e) biological vulnerability

b

All of the following are symptoms of a major depressive episode except: a) indecisiveness b) delusions c) change in eating or sleeping patterns d) anhedonia e) irritability

b

Causes of ADHD include all of the following except: a) copy number variants b) mercury-based vaccinations c) poor inhibitory control d) maternal smoking e) smaller brain size

b

Intoxication by hallucinogens have all of the following effects except: a) depersonalization b) blunted affect c) pupillary dilation d) sweating e) rapid heartbeat

b

Risks of only treating mood disorders with medication include: a) band-aid effect b) dangers of incorrect dosage c) no one to monitor side effects d) lack of sense of autonomy e) doesn't attack underlying thoughts and behaviors

b

Withdrawal from alcohol includes all of the following symptoms except: a) hand tremors b) paranoia c) hallucinations d) agitation e) vomiting

b