Abnormal Test 4

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Behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated: A) too positively in early life. B) too negatively in early life. C) either too positively or too negatively in early life. D) ambiguously and neglectfully in early life.

Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain rather than cognitive ones, are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders: A) that are appropriately treated by psychotropic medications. B) in adolescents rather than in children. C) in children rather than in adults. D) in children of former generations rather than of the present generation.

Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment for autism has been the use of: A) drug therapy. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) educational therapy. D) psychodynamic-humanistic therapy.

Recently the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that: A) effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin as well as dopamine. B) excessive dopamine activity contributes to only some kinds of schizophrenia. C) atypical antipsychotic drugs work exclusively on dopamine receptors. D) those with catatonic schizophrenia respond better to atypical than to traditional antipsychotic drugs.

"Group therapy is a good option for those with dependent personality disorder; they'll be able to observe others' coping skills, and model them." This statement would MOST likely be made by a therapist having which of the following theoretical perspectives? A) psychodynamic B) behavioral C) sociocultural D) biological

"I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be: A) histrionic personality disorder. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) impulse-control personality disorder.

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving: A) psychodynamic therapy for enuresis. B) psychodynamic therapy for encopresis. C) behavioral therapy for enuresis. D) behavioral therapy for encopresis.

If one could use only a single treatment for schizophrenia and wanted the MOST effective treatment, one should choose: A) antipsychotic drugs. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) milieu therapy. D) electroconvulsive therapy.

If one knew nothing more than that the person with intellectual developmental disorder also had extensive and severe neurological dysfunction and physical handicaps, the MOST likely estimate of that person's level of mental retardation would be: A) mild. B) mild or moderate. C) moderate or severe. D) severe or profound.

Nations that pioneered "normalization" in the treatment of intellectual developmental disorder include: A) the United States and Canada. B) the former Soviet Union and China. C) Japan and Great Britain. D) Denmark and Sweden.

The discovery of antihistamine drugs in the 1940s indirectly led to the development of: A) lithium. B) antianxiety drugs. C) antipsychotic drugs. D) antidepressant drugs.

The disorder that appears to be MOST closely related to the schizotypal personality disorder is: A) anxiety. B) schizophrenia. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

The enduring pattern of inner thoughts and emotions along with outward behavior that is unique to each individual is termed: A) a trait. B) character. C) personality. D) individuality.

The fact that children may learn antisocial behavior by modeling parental conflict and aggressiveness provides support for: A) psychodynamic theory. B) behavioral theory. C) both psychodynamic and behavioral theories. D) neither psychodynamic nor behavioral theories.

The finding that the HIGHEST rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia? A) viral theory B) genetic theory C) dopamine theory D) biochemical theory

The first antipsychotic drug to be approved for use in the United States was: A) Haldol. B) Prozac. C) Thorazine. D) Mellaril.

The five traits to be included in future revisions of the DSM-5 that utilize a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders are: A) conscientiousness, negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition. B) disinhibition, psychoticism, antagonism, agreeableness, extroversion. C) negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism. D) detachment, extroversion, neuroticism, antagonism, conscientiousness.

The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include: A) strikingly impaired mathematical skills. B) having difficulty comprehending and expressing language. C) an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to comprehend what is being read. D) extreme and repeated errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and paragraph organization.

The stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by deterioration of functioning and the display of some mild symptoms is called the: A) active phase. B) residual phase. C) prodromal phase. D) premorbid phase.

The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse means that: A) substance abuse causes individuals to develop antisocial personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder causes individuals to abuse substances. C) there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder. D) if individuals stop abusing substances, their antisocial personality disorder will be cured.

The technique for treating mental patients that was pioneered by Egas Moniz was: A) ECS therapy. B) the lobotomy. C) the use of drugs. D) the cingulotomy

The term "neuroleptic" is applied to drugs that: A) cure psychosis. B) cure schizophrenia. C) have potency against depression. D) can mimic symptoms of neurological disorders.

The term "schizophrenia" is derived from the Greek for: A) split mind. B) frantic mind. C) multiple personality. D) hysterical demeanor.

A family with a high level of expressed emotion may display a great deal of: A) concern. B) criticism. C) joyfulness. D) underinvolvement.

A teenager's parents are down on her all the time. When they are not criticizing her, they ignore her. This is an example of: A) punishment. B) sexual abuse. C) parental discipline. D) psychological abuse.

"Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." Such speech illustrates which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia? A) loose associations B) catatonia C) avolition D) restricted affect

"Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." Such speech illustrates which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia? A) positive B) negative C) delusional D) hallucinatory

Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with: A) genetic or hormonal predisposition. B) a history of child abuse. C) troubled parent-child relationships. D) poverty.

Milieu therapy is based primarily on the principles of ______ psychology. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) humanistic D) psychodynamic

The drug Ritalin is classified as a(n): A) stimulant. B) depressant. C) tranquilizer. D) antidepressant.

Childhood disorders for which there are no similar adult disorders are called: A) disruptive disorders. B) anxiety disorders. C) intellectual developmental disorder. D) elimination disorders.

"Be loyal to your family" was what the child heard all the time, along with "You shouldn't— and can't—do it on your own, so don't even try." A behaviorist would say this kind of upbringing would be MOST likely to produce which of the personality disorders in the child, when he or she reached adulthood? A) narcissistic B) antisocial C) avoidant D) dependent

"Beatlemania" gripped the United States in the 1960s when the British rock group The Beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes fainted, and shouted exaggerated, emotional praise at the group. These behaviors MOST closely resemble the characteristics of: A) histrionic personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) schizoid personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

"I am the Virgin Mary, and I've come to give birth to a new savior," says someone experiencing: A) delusions of reference. B) delusions of persecution. C) delusions of grandeur. D) delusions of control.

54. Imagine that your neighbor, who is being treated for schizophrenia, says that she has mostly negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is afraid of the extrapyramidal side effects of medication. She asks you what she should do. Your BEST response is: A) "Avoid all types of medication and stick to insight therapy." B) "Try conventional antipsychotic drugs; they should work best." C) "Try atypical antipsychotics; they should work best." D) "Any medication should work about as well as any other medication."

A patient receiving dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder experiences an emotion that he or she realizes is inappropriate. Immediately after, the patient acts in a very different, appropriate, way. This DBT procedure is called: A) reactive correction. B) counterbalancing. C) opposite action. D) "fine tuning."

About what percentage of those diagnosed with mental retardation fall into the category of mild intellectual developmental disorder? A) less than 10 percent B) 25 percent C) 55 percent D) 80 to 85 percent

Assume you have to give an in-class presentation about narcissistic personality disorder. What is the MOST accurate thing you can say about treatment for this disorder? A) "Cognitive therapy works best." B) "Behavioral therapy works best." C) "Psychodynamic therapy works best." D) "No form of therapy is clearly better than the others."

Based on family pedigree studies, which relative of an individual with a diagnosis of schizophrenia would be MOST at risk for developing the disorder? A) niece B) sister C) father D) grandson

Compared to those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developed countries are: A) less likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized. B) less likely to recover fully, and less likely to be hospitalized. C) more likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized. D) more likely to recover fully, and less likely to be hospitalized.

Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

In behavioral terms, what is a token? A) a stimulus B) motivation C) a reinforcer D) punishment

Why aren't atypical antipsychotic drugs universally prescribed for people with schizophrenia? After all, more people with schizophrenia show improvement with atypical antipsychotic drugs than with conventional antipsychotics. A) On average, atypicals produce more cases of tardive dyskinesia. B) On average, atypical cause more extrapyramidal symptoms. C) Most atypicals produce life-threatening agranulocytosis. D) On average, atypicals cost more.

"I want to maximize the antipsychotic effect of a drug while minimizing its undesirable side effects," says a doctor. What's the BEST advice you can give the doctor? A) "Unfortunately, effective doses of conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs both produce a lot of undesirable side effects." B) "Fortunately, effective doses of both conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs do not produce a lot of undesirable side effects." C) "Use a conventional antipsychotic drug." D) "Use an atypical antipsychotic drug."

"If one receives a good deal of attention for unusual behaviors, is it any surprise those behaviors are strengthened?" is a question MOST likely asked by what kind of theorist? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) psychodynamic D) sociocultural

"It is clear that very demanding parents caused this person to develop paranoid personality disorder." This statement MOST likely would be made by someone from which of the following theoretical perspectives? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic

"It is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder arises from an early childhood fixation." Which type of psychologist would MOST likely have made that statement? A) behavioral B) cognitive C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic

"It is possible, even probable, that 'refrigerator parents'—cold, rejecting, rigid—caused this disorder." This is a reasonable statement about the cause of many cases of: A) autism. B) Asperger's disorder. C) both autism and Asperger's disorder. D) neither autism nor Asperger's disorder.

"Let's try to figure out where clients fall on several key personality traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification system." Someone saying this would MOST likely favor which approach to classifying personality disorders? A) the traditional DSM-5 approach B) a psychodynamic approach C) a cognitive-behavioral approach D) a dimensional approach

"My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do you recommend?" Of the following alternatives, your BEST answer is: A) "Video modeling works especially well with elementary school children." B) "Treatment foster care is best, as long as the program is well established." C) "Parent management training should work best." D) "Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation."

"Relational aggression" is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among: A) girls diagnosed with conduct disorder. B) boys diagnosed with conduct disorder. C) boys diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. D) girls diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.

"That kid is pleasant enough, but will lie about practically anything, even things that don't seem to matter much." This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder? A) overt-destructive B) overt-nondestructive C) covert-destructive D) covert-nondestructive

"That personality disorder has become so common, I encounter it almost every day in the emergency room." MOST likely, this doctor is talking about which personality disorder? A) borderline B) antisocial C) schizoid D) avoidant

"That's it!" says your friend, the psychotherapist. "I can't work with that client. As soon as I show any empathy at all, it becomes almost impossible to challenge the client, and the client keeps calling me at all hours of the day." MOST likely, this is a client with: A) borderline personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

"The client scores low on extroversion and agreeableness, but high on neuroticism. Looks like schizoid personality disorder to me." The therapist being quoted is using what instrument to make the diagnosis? A) the "Big Five" personality test B) "supertrait" theory C) a 200-statement test, with each statement rated on a 1-to-7 scale D) a "dichotomizing" test

"The problem is that they assume they can't take care of themselves, so they think others have to meet their needs. This pattern of thinking is not very helpful in trying to deal with histrionic personality disorder." A psychologist from which of the following perspectives would agree MOST strongly with this quote? A) biological B) sociocultural C) cognitive D) behavioral

"There's nothing out there for me. I can't stand other people, and I can't stand myself, either. I'm just really mad right now." Such a statement would most likely be made by someone with which personality disorder? A) borderline B) antisocial C) narcissistic D) paranoid

"What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment program?" a friend asks. Your BEST answer among the following alternatives is: A) "Psychodynamic therapy works best, with or without drugs." B) "Cognitive therapy outperforms even Ritalin." C) "Drugs work best." D) "Drugs, combined with behavior therapy, work best."

"Will that program really help? I keep hearing bad things about how kids act once they leave." Based on research, the person who said this would be MOST accurate if she or he were expressing reservations about: A) a juvenile training center. B) treatment foster care. C) problem-solving training. D) an Anger Coping and Coping Power Program.

"You had one eye in the mirror as you watched yourself.../You're so vain, you probably think this song is about you/You're so vain..." sang Carly Simon in the 1973 #1 hit, "You're So Vain." If the subject of the song were diagnosed with a personality disorder, which of the following would be the MOST likely diagnosis? A) antisocial B) histrionic C) schizoid D) schizotypal

A belief that the news anchor on CNN is giving one important messages about one's behavior reflects: A) bodily illusions. B) ideas of reference. C) passive-aggressive disorder. D) backward masking.

A 16-year-old teenager has just been arrested for the third time for shoplifting. He would MOST likely be labeled with: A) juvenile delinquency. B) oppositional defiant disorder. C) anxiety disorder. D) mood disregulation.

A 3-year-old child is wetting the bed at night. The bed-wetting apparently is beyond the child's control. The BESTdiagnosis is: A) enuresis. B) encopresis. C) oppositional defiant disorder. D) no diagnosis in this case. a

A child displays normal behavior and intelligence, but she does not seem to be able to explain her actions and intentions as well as you would expect. If the deficit is severe enough, she might be diagnosed with: A) dyslexia. B) a perceptual deficit. C) attention-deficit disorder. D) an expressive-language disorder.

A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely: A) agoraphobia B) bipolar disorder. C) dependent personality disorder. D) separation anxiety disorder.

A child does well in some school subjects. However, the only way that he can read is slowly, one word at a time. He must direct his gaze with his index finger. Even with great effort, he makes many errors and has poor comprehension. This is a description of: A) aphasia. B) dyslexia. C) echolalia. D) word blindness.

A child has autism spectrum disorder and does not like much variation in his life. He puts his toys on a shelf in a particular order and throws a tantrum if his mother moves any of them. Any one of several trivial changes in his daily routine can set him off. This is an example of: A) overstimulation. B) stimulus over selectivity. C) a self-stimulatory behavior. D) a perseveration of sameness.

A child has received the diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. You would expect that he would have a problem: A) expressing himself in speech. B) reading a sentence from a book out loud. C) buttoning his shirt and dressing in general. D) listening to a teacher explain how to do a mathematics problem.

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive, and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is: A) oppositional defiant disorder. B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). C) conduct disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

A child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. Later in the week, accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. This child is undergoing: A) dry-bed training for enuresis. B) dry-bed training for encopresis. C) bell-and-battery therapy for enuresis. D) bell-and-battery therapy for encopresis.

A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. Her MOST likely diagnosis is: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) passive-aggressive disorder. D) oppositional defiant disorder.

A child is in public school, but he is grouped with other low-IQ children like him. He and his classmates have a specially designed program that is different from that of the other children in the school. This is MOST likely an example of: A) mainstreaming. B) special education. C) deinstitutionalization. D) a normalization program.

A child is openly hostile toward her parents. She argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control her. The diagnosis she is MOST likely to receive is: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) oppositional defiant disorder. D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

A child is receiving problem-solving skills training as a treatment for conduct disorder. You can be reasonably sure that: A) stimulant drug (e.g., Ritalin) administration is recommended, but not required. B) the child is a preschooler. C) the child is female. D) the interventions used are cognitive behavioral.

A child sneaks out of the home every now and then, and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder? A) overt-destructive B) overt-nondestructive C) covert-destructive D) covert-nondestructive

A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who would be LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation? A) sociocultural B) behavioral C) cognitive D) psychodynamic

A child whose therapist asks her to draw pictures about her life, then introduces games and stories to help the child work through her conflicts and change her emotions and behavior is MOST likely receiving: A) cognitive therapy B) classroom therapy. C) insight therapy. D) play therapy.

A child will not obey his mother. When threatened with punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. His outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) childhood schizophrenia. D) oppositional defiant disorder.

A child with autism is laughing, but sees another child crying. When asked what the other child is feeling, the child with autism is MOST likely to say: A) "sadness," because of perseveration of sameness. B) "sadness," because of pronominal reversal. C) "happiness," because of lack of responsiveness. D) "happiness," because of mind-blindness.

A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture of a fork on a board rather than saying, "I want food." This child is using: A) a self-communication device. B) a token economy system. C) an augmentative communication system. D) an integrative motor system.

A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child? A) Yes; it could be a diagnosis. B) No; the child's symptoms started at too young an age. C) No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting. D) Yes; it could be, but only if the fidgeting is distracting to others.

A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts per day. The person, at the least, must greet others with the sentence, "Hello; how are you doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background? A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) behavioral D) sociocultural

A client has enlarged brain ventricles and a measurable loss of gray matter. These symptoms are: A) psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder. B) psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder. C) biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder. D) biological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder.

A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback. MOST likely, the client is experiencing: A) schizoid personality disorder, and will not make much progress in therapy. B) schizoid personality disorder, and will make a great deal of progress in therapy. C) narcissistic personality disorder, and will not make much progress in therapy. D) narcissistic personality disorder, and will make a great deal of progress in therapy.

A client is searching for the BEST treatment for borderline personality disorder. Will drug treatment be effective if it is the only intervention the client receives? A) Yes; drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy, and are less expensive. B) Yes; drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy, but are expensive. C) Maybe; but only if the client is nonsuicidal. D) No; they should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all.

A disturbed individual kills a number of people in a mass shooting. The shooter is found to be mentally ill. How likely is it that such an individual will have received mental health services in the past year? A) very likely; almost all mentally ill people do receive services B) very unlikely; although services are available, mentally ill people do not take advantage of them C) so-so; about 50 percent of people with mental illnesses receive services D) likely; although the coordination of those services is a problem

A female child is diagnosed with autism. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is: A) very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. B) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood. C) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. D) common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.

A friend asks your advice about the MOST effective therapy to use for treating borderline personality disorder. Your BEST answer is: A) "There is no effective therapy for borderline personality disorder. B) "If you're going to use a psychodynamic approach, avoid relational therapy. C) "Using drugs is a safe, effective way to treat the disorder." D) "Research suggests that dialectical behavior therapy is the most effective."

A friend of yours says, "A 15-year-old high schooler accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder." Your MOST accurate reply would be: A) "Yes, that kind of behavior often is associated with that diagnosis." B) "I don't think so; those with that diagnosis seldom engage in criminal activity." C) "Yes, and I'll bet that wasn't the only diagnosis, either." D) "No; the kid is too young for that diagnosis."

A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news and screams in situations that most people see as warm and tender is experiencing: A) cognitive distortion. B) delusions of control. C) inappropriate affect. D) olfactory hallucination

A friend says to you, "He must have antisocial personality disorder; look how careful he is about his own well-being, but how careless he is about others' safety." Your MOST accurate reply would be: A) "You're right; those are classic characteristics of antisocial personality disorder." B) "You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careful about the safety of family members." C) "You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of others." D) "You've got it backwards; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless of their own safety, but show at least some concern for others' safety."

A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on appropriate personality disorder diagnoses for several clients. In fact, it is obvious that, in many cases, they have inaccurately made their diagnoses. Assuming they are competent clinicians, this situation would indicate the DSM-5 categories for personality disorder are: A) both reliable and valid. B) neither reliable nor valid. C) reliable, but not valid. D) not reliable, but valid.

A high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, and friends for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend, and on an academic major. This student's behavior is: A) typical of those with dependent personality disorder. B) typical of those who will develop dependent personality disorder. C) normal for those in high school. D) reflective of an anxiety disorder, not of dependent personality disorder.

A hospitalized patient no longer talks about delusions and hallucinations, thanks to participating in a token economy program. However, critics of the token economy program would say that the token economy program has: A) worsened the negative symptoms of the disorder. B) treated the schizophrenia without medication. C) not eliminated the delusions and hallucinations, but improved the patient's ability to imitate normal behavior. D) changed a Type I disorder into a Type II disorder.

A large survey of parents and their children shows that parents: A) believe children are more concerned about school than children are. B) believe the greatest worry children have is about their physical appearance. C) generally underestimate how worried their children are. D) are unusually accurate in knowing about their children's worries.

A middle-aged individual shows many of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and at the same time often appears profoundly depressed. The symptoms have lasted almost a year. This is an example of: A) shared psychotic disorder. B) undifferentiated type of schizophrenia. C) schizophreniform disorder. D) schizoaffective disorder.

A mother experiences "baby blues" shortly after delivering a child. The chances that she later will develop postpartum psychosis are closest to: A) 1 in 2. B) 1 in 10. C) 1 in 100. D) 1 in 1,000.

A new medication for schizophrenia appears to work because it blocks dopamine from binding to a receptor. The new medication functions as: A) a dopamine production inhibitor. B) a dopamine antagonist. C) D-1 enhancer. D) D-2 enhancer.

A particular concern among children and adolescents would be: A) racism B) peer pressure to have sex C) bullying D) peer pressure to try alcohol

A particular country has almost a 3 percent prevalence for schizophrenia. That country: A) has a normal schizophrenia prevalence. B) has a lower-than-average schizophrenia prevalence. C) has a higher-than-average schizophrenia prevalence. D) has such a high schizophrenia prevalence that it almost certainly is a developing country.

A patient who is called a resident who lives in a therapeutic community and actively works with staff members to create a life that is as much like that outside the hospital as possible, is probably receiving ______ therapy. A) token economy B) custodial C) milieu D) lobotomy

A patient who receives help in finding work, in finding a place to live, and in taking medication correctly is probably receiving: A) milieu therapy. B) social therapy. C) family therapy. D) insight therapy.

A person acts extremely jealous all the time, and complains bitterly whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This has been going on for a couple of months, and the person shows no other substantial symptoms. The BEST diagnosis, assuming the extreme jealousy has no basis in fact, is: A) delusional disorder. B) schizophreniform disorder. C) paranoid schizophrenia. D) brief psychotic disorder.

A person attending an HVN (Hearing Voices Network) meeting, can expect to get the message that: A) voices can be eliminated through proper treatment and medication. B) auditory hallucinations are a diagnosable sign of schizophrenia. C) family support is the best way to deal with schizophrenia. D) all interpretations of voices are equally valid.

A person begins exhibiting early symptoms of schizophrenia; for example, hearing voices. Family members decide to discuss the voices with the person, to try to understand what is going on. This action by family members should: A) increase the likelihood of future symptoms, according to both the behavioral and the cognitive viewpoints. B) decrease the likelihood of future symptoms, according to the behavioral and the cognitive viewpoint. C) increase the likelihood of future symptoms, according to the behavioral viewpoint only. D) increase the likelihood of future symptoms, according to the cognitive viewpoint only.

A person constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas the person so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. If this person were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it MOST likely would be: A) histrionic. B) borderline. C) antisocial. D) obsessive-compulsive.

A person diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder listens to a piano piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the piano piece without the music, and without making a mistake. This behavior is best described as a: A) perseveration of sameness. B) repetitive and rigid behavior. C) delayed echolalia. D) savant skill.

A person diagnosed with schizophrenia is not hospitalized, yet eventually shows complete remission of symptoms. This pattern is: A) typical of what happens in developing countries. B) typical of what happens in developed countries. C) unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developing countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developed countries. D) unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developed countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developing countries.

A person experiencing paranoid personality disorder frequently says things like "You've got to get them before they get you," and "People have been sinners since the Garden of Eden." If these sayings reflect maladaptive assumptions the person has about people in general, the theorist who would be LEAST surprised would have which theoretical position? A) cognitive B) biological C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic

A person is labeled "schizophrenic" by the community. Based on available evidence, it is MOST likely that: A) community members, and the person, will have a more negative view of the person. B) community members, but not the person, will have a more negative view of the person. C) the person, but not community members, will have a more negative view of the person. D) neither the person nor community members will have a more negative view of the person.

A person is socially withdrawn, speaks in odd ways, has strange ideas, and expresses little emotion, but she is not displaying full-blown schizophrenic symptoms. What phase of schizophrenia is this person in? A) prodromal B) active C) residual D) either prodromal or residual

A person lives at home but spends his day at a mental health facility. The facility might be described as providing: A) aftercare. B) coordinated services. C) partial hospitalization. D) short-term hospitalization.

A person who does poorly on a task called backward masking is MOST likely to be experiencing: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) paranoid personality disorder. C) borderline personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

A person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is MOST likely to qualify for a diagnosis of: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) histrionic personality disorder. C) dependent personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

A person who has difficulty with interpersonal interactions but is otherwise high functioning and would have been diagnosed with Asperger's disorder in the past, will now, in DSM-5, be diagnosed with: A) Asperger's disorder; nothing has changed. B) autism spectrum sisorder. C) social communications sisorder. D) no disorder.

A person who is LEAST likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from: A) avoidant personality disorder. B) schizoid personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

A person who is experiencing a potentially fatal reaction to an antipsychotic drug involving muscle rigidity and autonomic nervous system dysfunction is displaying: A) Parkinson-like symptoms. B) neuroleptic malignant syndrome. C) tardive dyskinesia. D) akathisia.

A person with schizophrenia demonstrates poverty of speech, and experiences auditory hallucinations. According to the "Type I-Type II" evaluation categorization, this person would be: A) Type I. B) Type II. C) a mix of Type I and Type II D) neither Type I nor Type II, because these types apply only to the prodromal phase.

A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think she is Cinderella is experiencing a(n) ______ hallucination and a delusion of ______ A) auditory; grandeur B) tactile; control C) olfactory; reference D) gustatory, persecution

A person with schizophrenia who is experiencing alogia is displaying: A) poverty of speech. B) blunted or flat affect. C) loss of volition. D) social withdrawal.

A person with schizophrenia who is experiencing anhedonia is displaying: A) poverty of speech. B) blunted or flat affect. C) loss of volition. D) social withdrawal.

A person with schizophrenia who is feeling apathetic, drained, and unable to start or follow through on any projects is displaying: A) poverty of speech. B) blunted or flat affect. C) loss of volition. D) social withdrawal.

A person with schizophrenia who is mute, statuelike, and fails to participate in the hospital routine is MOST likely experiencing _______ schizophrenia. A) disorganized B) catatonic C) paranoid D) undifferentiated

A person with schizophrenia who said, "It's cold today. My cold is better but I got it from the nurse. She is a big blonde who lives in Manhattan. I live in Manhattan with Jimmy Carter," is experiencing: A) loose associations. B) neologisms. C) perseveration. D) clang.

A preadolescent child who has not received a clinical diagnosis participates in a program designed to stop the development of an antisocial pattern of behavior. MOST likely, that program is: A) the Anger Coping and Coping Power Program. B) one that involves the use of stimulant drugs such as Ritalin. C) Scared Straight. D) Parents and Children Anonymous.

A psychodynamic theorist of the twenty-first century is MOST likely to say: A) "Fromm-Reichmann was right; schizophrenogenic mothers cause most cases of schizophrenia." B) "Fromm-Reichmann was wrong; schizophrenogenic teachers cause most cases of schizophrenia." C) "Extreme regression can lead to biological abnormalities." D) "Biological abnormalities can lead to extreme regression."

A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be expected based on the measure of general intelligence is called: A) dyslexia. B) perceptual deficit disorder. C) expressive language disorder. D) mixed receptive/expressive language disorder.

A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnoses is that: A) if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally recover. B) separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, while school refusal does not. C) in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school. D) school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fear, and separation anxiety.

A therapist states, "I seldom use drugs when I treat clients with borderline personality disorder." The therapist MOST likely says this because: A) the risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose. B) in most cases, drugs seem to make aggressiveness even worse. C) in most cases, drugs seem to make emotional outbursts even more extreme. D) the therapist is unaware that drugs are always used in combination with dialectical behavior therapy, the most effective therapy for those with borderline personality disorder.

A therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder came up with the following analysis: the parents probably did not want children in the first place; the child just was not accepted; the child developed low self-esteem, dependency, and an inability to cope with separation. The therapist's theoretical orientation is probably: A) behavioral. B) biological. C) object relations theory. D) cognitive-behavioral theory.

A third-grade teacher gives students stickers throughout the school day when they engage in appropriate behaviors. At the end of the day, students can trade in their stickers for treats from the class "treasure chest." This program is MOST similar to which form of therapy used for institutionalized people with schizophrenia? A) milieu therapy B) insight therapy C) token economy D) partial hospitalization

A token economy approach to treatment is based on principles from the abnormal behavior. A) cognitive view B) biological view C) behavioral view D) humanistic view

A woman has been treated with chlorpromazine for several years. Lately she seems to be chewing gum all the time and her arms are always in motion. She has begun to display twitching facial tics. This is an example of: A) dystonia. B) akathisia C) tardive dyskinesia. D) neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. MOST likely, she will: A) neither progress to postpartum psychosis, nor physically harm her child. B) progress to postpartum psychosis, but will not physically harm her child. C) not progress to postpartum psychosis, but will physically harm her child. D) progress to postpartum psychosis, and will physically harm her child.

A woman is in a facility for those with intellectual developmental disorder. She has her own apartment, dresses herself, and goes to the dining room, where she orders breakfast off a menu. She then goes to work in a sheltered workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to her apartment and gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part of: A) deinstitutionalization. B) a normalization program. C) mainstreaming. D) special education.

A young adult who still lives at home has a parent who frequently exhibits delusions of grandeur, so much so that the young adult eventually develops delusions of grandeur, as well. The young adult's psychotic disorder is called: A) codependent disorder. B) shared psychotic disorder. C) second-degree schizophreniform disorder. D) paranoid schizophrenia.

A young boy is constantly told by his parents to "Be a man!" whenever he is in conflict with friends. In turn, his parents themselves often act aggressively toward each other, and toward him. The theorist who would be BEST able to explain an adult diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder for this boy would be a ______ theorist. A) behavioral B) cognitive C) biological D) psychodynamic

According to Freud, people with schizophrenia: A) regress to the anal period. B) are the victims of double-bind communication. C) regress to a pre-ego state of primary narcissism. D) receive a label that influences them to behave in a schizophrenic manner.

According to Freudian psychodynamic interpretation, people who develop schizophrenia regress to a state of: A) secondary denial. B) primary narcissism. C) primary process thought. D) secondary thought processing.

According to Frieda Fromm-Reichmann (1948), schizophrenia is caused by: A) an excess of dopamine. B) a schizophrenogenic mother. C) regression to a stage of primary narcissism. D) brain abnormalities.

According to current research, if a person living in the United States is distrustful of both lawyers and congressional members, that type of person is: A) rare: such distrust defines those with paranoid personality disorder. B) rare: such distrust defines those with schizotypal personality disorder. C) uncommon: great distrust of congressional members but not great distrust of lawyers defines those with paranoid personality disorder. D) common: most people in the United States distrust both lawyers and congressional members.

According to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on information they have no way of knowing, is NOT present in children with autism spectrum disorder. This ability is called: A) egocentrism. B) a theory of mind. C) social awareness. D) metacognitive knowledge.

According to psychodynamic theorists, an important factor in the development of avoidant personality disorder is: A) an early sense of guilt. B) early experiences of shame. C) lack of development of trust. D) an inability to express anger.

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia: A) people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present. B) people with certain psychosocial stressors will develop schizophrenia in the absence of a biological predisposition. C) biological predispositions for schizophrenia override any evidence for the importance of psychosocial stressors. D) people with certain biological predispositions will develop schizophrenia in the absence of psychosocial stressors.

Advantages of atypical antipsychotic drugs over conventional medications include: A) newer medications are cheaper and more easily available. B) newer medications treat Type I symptoms better. C) newer medications produce fewer extrapyramidal effects. D) newer medications focus better on dopamine receptor sites in the brain.

All of the following are criticisms of DSM-5 diagnoses of personality disorders EXCEPT: A) the reliability of the diagnosis. B) the validity of the diagnosis. C) distinguishing one personality disorder from another personality disorder. D) incorporating new research into the new edition.

All of the following are problems in the use of the DSM-5 to diagnose personality disorders EXCEPT: A) the criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever, are used. B) people who act very differently may require the same diagnosis. C) there is considerable overlap of symptoms across many categories. D) sometimes the diagnostician must try to figure out why a person does something.

All of the following statements are true of mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs) EXCEPT: A) MICA is overdiagnosed because the drug abuse is often overemphasized. B) MICAs tend to remain homeless longer than other homeless people without this diagnosis. C) traditional forms of therapy often don't work for this complex problem. D) MICAs are most often young and male.

Although lying, even compulsive lying, is not considered a psychological disorder, it is sometimes characteristic of people with: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) depressive disorder. C) narcissistic personality disorder. D) anxiety disorder.

Among the goals of parent-child interaction therapy are all of the following EXCEPT: A) helping parents set realistic goals for their child's behavior. B) teaching the child better skills. C) encouraging parents to not change how they act with their child. D) teaching the parents to use fairer discipline practices.

Among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following EXCEPT: A) abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage. B) negative self-concept. C) dysfunctional families. D) high levels of stress.

An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis, it is MOST likely either: A) schizotypal personality disorder or a stress disorder. B) schizotypal personality disorder or a substance-related disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder or a stress disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.

An emergency medical technician (EMT) arrives at the scene of a bad car accident, and calmly prepares a severely injured passenger for transport to a hospital while others at the scene are screaming and crying with fear and grief. The EMT's training has resulted in behavior similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called: A) ahedonia. B) poverty of speech. C) blunted affect. D) flat affect.

An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel, and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. These findings would make the MOST sense to a theorist with which background? A) psychodynamic B) sociocultural C) cognitive D) biological

An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. That individual is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who has: A) bipolar disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) one of the paraphilias. D) alcoholism.

An individual who displays serious psychotic symptoms, but would not benefit from being sent to a large state psychiatric hospital for a long period of time, would best be served by: A) short-term hospitalization in a local psychiatric unit. B) aftercare. C) a halfway house. D) a sheltered workshop.

An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. This person's diagnosis is likely to be which of the following personality disorders? A) borderline B) schizotypal C) obsessive-compulsive D) avoidant

An infant is diagnosed with a biological disorder. As she ages, her physical and mental conditions deteriorate steadily so that she loses vision and motor control, and at the age of 3, she dies. Most likely, she was suffering from: A) Tay-Sachs disease. B) Down syndrome. C) fragile X syndrome. D) phenylketonuria (PKU).

An intervention in which parents and their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called: A) parent-interaction therapy. B) video modeling. C) parent management training. D) family-consequence sensitization.

An iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead to a condition in which the baby has a dwarflike appearance and a defective thyroid gland. This disorder is called: A) cretinism. B) encephalitis. C) Down syndrome. D) Tay-Sachs disease.

Andrea Yates, showing symptoms of postpartum psychosis, drowned her five children in 2001. Assuming she was suffering from postpartum psychosis, her actions were: A) typical; almost all of women with postpartum psychosis harm their offspring. B) typical; at least 75 percent of women with postpartum psychosis harm their offspring. C) somewhat typical; about 50 percent of women with postpartum psychosis harm their offspring. D) atypical; less than 10 percent of women with postpartum psychosis harm or attempt to harm their offspring.

Anoxia, one possible source of intellectual developmental disorder, involves brain damage resulting from: A) ingestion of lead-based paint. B) lack of oxygen during or after delivery. C) poisoning from pesticides or fertilizer nitrates. D) seizures induced by inhalants or automobile exhaust fumes.

Antipsychotic drugs were discovered accidentally when researchers were trying to develop: A) antihistamines. B) analgesics. C) sedatives. D) antibiotics.

Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly and personally to him. He even goes to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from: A) delusions of persecution. B) delusions of grandeur. C) delusions of reference. D) delusions of control.

Armond does not feel much emotion and does not really want to do anything. He has also completely withdrawn from his friends and family. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ schizophrenia. A) active B) positive C) negative D) psychomotor

As part of their therapy, clients learn to evaluate their unusual thoughts, track the accuracy of "magical" predictions, and reconnect with the world and with their limitations. The diagnoses of these clients would MOST likely be in which of the following broad categories of personality disorder? A) "dependent" B) "dramatic" C) "anxious" D) "odd"

Assume a study of prison inmates diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder shows that they generally experience less anxiety than other people when they lie or "con" others. This outcome would most strongly support which theoretical position? A) behavioral B) psychodynamic C) cognitive D) biological

Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder of childhood. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder? A) The child argues defiantly with parents. B) The child is not responsive to other people. C) The child screams uncontrollably when separated from parents. D) The child is very active and finds it difficult to stay on task.

At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder? A) overt-destructive B) overt-nondestructive C) covert-destructive D) covert-nondestructive

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is MORE common in ______ than in ______. A) boys; girls B) girls; boys C) adolescents; children D) adults; children

Avoidant personality disorder seems MOST closely related to: A) schizophrenia. B) social anxiety. C) mania. D) eating disorders.

Biological factors are NOT the most important causes of which level of intellectual developmental disorder? A) profound B) moderate C) mild D) Biological factors are the most important causes of all of these levels of mental retardation.

Based on a structured interview, Diagnostician A classifies an individual's personality disorder in the "odd" cluster. Based on another structured interview of the same type, Diagnostician B classifies an individual's personality disorder in the "dramatic" cluster. If what is described here is typical of what happens when that variety of structured interview is used, one would say the structured interview has: A) high reliability and high validity. B) high reliability and low validity. C) low reliability and high validity. D) low reliability and low validity

Based on research studies, your BEST chance at receiving a prescription for an atypical antipsychotic medication would be if you: A) have Medicare and go to a family practitioner. B) have private insurance and are treated by a psychiatrist. C) are a minority and are treated at the community mental health center. D) are white and poor.

Based on the MOST current research, we can conclude that: A) MMR vaccinations are probably related to the incidence of autism. B) MMR vaccinations are related to some, but not all of the cases of autism. C) as parents have refused MMR vaccinations for their children, the incidence of autism has declined. D) MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism.

Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a large town meeting and made a presentation of his stock. The shares were only $5 each, and everyone could afford them. He showed pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made several "successful" proposals such as this in towns across America in the last couple of years. He is MOST likely suffering from: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) narcissistic personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Biologically speaking, if one wanted to treat antisocial personality disorder, one would want to ______ the individual with the disorder. A) reduce the degree of interpersonal sensitivity in B) identify those who are modeling antisocial personality disorder for C) increase the anxiety level of D) decrease the rewards available for the antisocial behavior in

Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being diagnosed with: A) oppositional defiant disorder if they are prepubertal. B) oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal. C) conduct disorder if they are prepubertal. D) conduct disorder if they are postpubertal.

Carl is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) passive-aggressive disorder. D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Characteristics of the Virginia Tech shooter reveal that he: A) fit the diagnostic category of histrionic personality disorder. B) displayed a combination of features from many personality disorders. C) did not fit any of the personality disorders. D) did not appear to have a mental disorder.

Chemically speaking, why do people who are methamphetamine addicts sometimes display schizophrenic-like behavior? A) Amphetamines are chemically similar to the medications used to treat schizophrenia. B) Amphetamines increase dopamine in the brain, leading to a schizophrenic-like response. C) Amphetamines decrease dopamine in the brain, leading to a schizophrenic-like response. D) Amphetamines are used to treat the unpleasant side-effects of schizophrenia.

Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that: A) children display depression while adults generally do not. B) children display more symptoms of mania than adults do. C) a higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with the disorder. D) children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

Children with multiple physical and neurological problems that seriously limit their functioning are MOST likely to be diagnosed with which level of intellectual developmental disorder? A) mild B) moderate C) severe or profound D) They are likely to be diagnosed as having no intellectual development disorder.

Cognitive theorists believe that because of their difficulty scanning the environment, perceiving accurately, and picking up emotional cues, those with schizoid personalities develop ______ very slowly. A) language and motor skills B) secondary sex characteristics C) allergies and other medical problems D) thinking disorders

Cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder focuses on: A) providing practice in social behaviors in a group setting. B) increasing the client's tolerance of emotional discomfort and building up his or her self- image. C) providing social skills training and exposure treatment that requires clients to gradually increase their social contacts. D) helping patients uncover the origins of their symptoms and resolve the unconscious conflicts that may be operating.

Community mental health centers are designed to provide all of the following EXCEPT: A) inpatient emergency care. B) medication and psychotherapy. C) vocational rehabilitation. D) coordination of other community services.

Comorbidity means that: A) one disorder may develop into another. B) one disorder automatically implies the other. C) two disorders may occur together in an individual. D) the appearance of one disorder implies the disappearance of the one that preceded it.

Compared to African Americans, white Americans are: A) more likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but less likely to be institutionalized. B) more likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and more likely to be institutionalized. C) less likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and less likely to be institutionalized. D) less likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but more likely to be institutionalized.

Compared to African Americans, white Americans are: A) more likely to receive conventional antipsychotic drugs for both schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. B) more likely to receive conventional antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia, and more likely to receive atypical antipsychotic drugs for other psychotic disorders. C) more likely to receive atypical antipsychotic drugs for both schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. D) more likely to receive atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia, and more likely to receive conventional antipsychotic drugs for other psychotic disorders.

Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are: A) about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. B) about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. C) less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. D) more likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are: A) less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, and less likely to receive effective treatment. B) less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but more likely to receive effective treatment. C) about equally likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but less likely to receive effective treatment. D) more likely to be diagnosed for ADHD, but less likely to receive effective treatment.

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by: A) eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder. B) creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation. C) not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children reach age 18. D) dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and one without rage.

Cruelty to animals and people, destruction of property, and truancy before the age of 15: A) may be best diagnosed as antisocial personality disorder. B) are characteristic of those later diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. C) predict later antisocial disorder with virtual certainty. D) seem unrelated to antisocial personality disorder.

Currently, the "Big-Five" approach to personality disorders is: A) the recipient of recognition, with a great amount of research being done on it. B) the focus of no research at all. C) the focus of a great amount of research, but there are no important results. D) the focus of a small amount of research, but there are no important results.

DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be "on" or "off." In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important and similar to a: A) flashlight, running on batteries. B) dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on. C) candle, which may be blown out at any time. D) capacitor, which builds up a charge slowly then discharges it all at once.

DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality disorders utilizing a: A) systematical approach. B) categorical approach. C) dimensional approach. D) phrenological approach.

David Rosenhan (1973) sent eight normal people to various psychiatric hospitals. All eight complained of hearing voices that said "empty," "hollow," and "thud." After being admitted to one of the hospitals, each person acted normally, yet all were diagnosed as schizophrenic. One of the conclusions from this study is that: A) clinicians are unable to detect "real" schizophrenia. B) the expectations produced by labeling can alter perception. C) hospitals can produce schizophrenic behavior in normal people. D) auditory hallucinations are sufficient for diagnosis as schizophrenic.

Deinstitutionalization: A) did not reduce substantially the number of people in state mental hospitals. B) was aimed at returning patients with mental disorders to their communities. C) resulted in a high level of community care being offered throughout the United States. D) provided medication to schizophrenics, but not to other mental patients.

Delia does not display all the full-blown schizophrenia symptoms anymore. Occasionally, a shadow of a symptom appears. She is a bit withdrawn and not entirely clear all the time, but she can marginally function in the world. This is an example of: A) residual schizophrenia. B) catatonic schizophrenia. C) paranoid schizophrenia. D) undifferentiated schizophrenia.

Delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect are examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia. A) positive B) negative C) cognitive D) ineffective

Dialectical behavior therapy emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT: A) social skills training. B) mindfulness meditation (a Zen technique involving observing one's emotions). C) the client-therapist relationship. D) the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting.

Does research support the thinking that there is a "schizophrenia gene"? A) No: schizophrenia is probably a polygenic disorder, and researchers have not pinpointed the exact gene yet. B) No: schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder, and we know the exact genes. C) Yes: schizophrenia is a monogenic disorder, although we don't know the exact gene yet. D) Yes: schizophrenia is a monogenic disorder, and we know the exact gene.

Downward drift is BEST reflected in which of the following statements? A) Poverty and social disruption cause schizophrenia. B) Schizophrenia causes people to fall into poverty and social disruption. C) Genetic factors cause both schizophrenia and poverty. D) Schizophrenia causes marital disruption, which causes poverty.

Dr. Marsha Linehan, the developer of dialectical behavior therapy, would have diagnosed her young adult self with: A) antisocial personality disorder. B) borderline personality disorder. C) narcissistic personality disorder. D) dependent personality disorder.

During a ______ a needle is inserted into the brain through the eye socket and is then rotated to destroy brain tissue. A) prefrontal lobotomy B) transorbital lobotomy C) singular nigra lobotomy D) facial-cranial lobotomy

During the 1960s and 1970s, the criteria for remaining in state schools changed, and many individuals with intellectual developmental disorders were released into the community. This is an example of: A) deinstitutionalization. B) a normalization program. C) mainstreaming. D) special education.

Early home intervention programs for those in the "mild" intellectual developmental disorder category: A) provide little help for children because of parental resistance. B) improve overall functioning, but do not improve later performance in school and in adulthood. C) do not improve overall functioning, but do improve later performance in school and in adulthood D) improve both overall functioning, and later performance in school and in adulthood.

Elena can't seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. She is easily hurt by criticism and is not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. She may be experiencing: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which of the following criteria has been met? A) The children have reached an age at which they are expected to control their bodily functions. B) The children have a physical illness causing the disorder. C) The children have been taking medications that are causing the disorder. D) The children hide the disorder from their parents.

Families that display high levels of expressed emotion do all of the following EXCEPT: A) intrude on one another's privacy. B) frequently express negative emotions toward each other. C) show hostility toward each other. D) approve of one another's actions.

Families with HIGH levels of "expressed emotion": A) are very supportive and loving. B) display all kinds of emotions, positive and negative. C) are emotionally distant. D) express negative emotions like hostility and criticism.

For the first two weeks after starting college, a student can't seem to talk coherently and is generally unresponsive to the moods of other students in the same dorm. Soon, the student resumes normal patterns of speaking and social interaction. This is an example of: A) schizoaffective disorder. B) catatonic schizophrenia. C) schizophreniform disorder. D) brief psychotic disorder.

For which of the following anxiety disorders would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern? A) generalized anxiety disorder B) social anxiety disorder C) phobias D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Fred has an IQ of 65 and cannot do schoolwork. He lives on the streets by begging, is usually dirty, and is always hungry. He would MOST likely be diagnosed with: A) depression B) dyslexic. C) schizophrenic. D) mentally retarded.

Frieda Fromm-Reichmann's approach to psychotherapy with schizophrenic patients was to A) challenge patients' statements. B) build a sense of trust in the patient. C) alter the psychotic person's behavior. D) encourage specific life adjustments by providing community support services.

From which of the following pairs of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adulthood? A) autism spectrum and intellectual developmental disorders B) conduct disorder and specific learning disabilities C) ADHD and separation anxiety D) enuresis and encopresis

Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. This is most like a ______ disorder. A) cognitive B) biological C) behavioral D) psychodynamic

Gort's parents never quite liked him, probably did not want children in the first place. He just was not accepted. It was clear early in school that Gort had a low opinion of himself and did not know how to interact with the other children. Now he cuts himself and has been to the ER several times. This is a description of the possible development of: A) histrionic personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) schizoid personality disorder. D) borderline personality disorder.

Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder MAINLY because group therapy: A) allows those in the group to see that others have avoidant personality disorder, too. B) involves an eclectic combination of theoretical approaches. C) provides practice in social interactions. D) requires attendance at therapy sessions.

Helen was just discharged from a public mental health facility. She went to live with a group of other former patients in a group-living arrangement. There were staff members to help out but the former patients controlled most of the day-to-day activities. Helen's living arrangement is a: A) day center. B) halfway house. C) short-term hospital. D) sheltered workshop.

Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why: A) postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys. B) children of all ages have higher rates of depression than adults. C) younger children have higher rates of depression than older children. D) depression rates are higher than anxiety rates in children.

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people? A) They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors. B) They include personality traits not experienced by typical people. C) They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication. D) They are caused by epigenetic processes.

I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new multiple-choice test item; I just don't seem to care. My behavior is like that of people with schizophrenia displaying the symptom called: A) avolition. B) ahedonia. C) inappropriate affect. D) flat affect.

If a child on the autism spectrum were being encouraged to engage in child-initiated interactions, the child would be: A) making statements that the therapist would repeat word for word. B) using a communications board to make requests known. C) asking about things that were of particular interest to him or her. D) engaging in play therapy with the child's parents.

If a patient's chart said the patient had extrapyramidal side effects, you would expect to see the patient showing primarily ______ dysfunction. A) motor B) cognitive C) emotional D) language

If a person being treated for schizophrenia goes each day to a center where the focus is on improving social skills and receiving therapy, the person is participating in: A) partial hospitalization. B) a sheltered workshop. C) a residential center. D) a support group.

If a person primarily fears close social relationships, one would MOST likely conclude that the person is experiencing: A) social phobia. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) both social phobia and avoidance personality disorder. D) a personality disorder from the dramatic cluster.

If a person receives the chemical L-dopa, a precursor of dopamine, it reduces the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, L-dopa may increase symptoms of schizophrenia. What might one reasonably conclude from this? A) L-dopa causes schizophrenia. B) Excessive dopamine produces schizophrenic symptoms. C) Antipsychotic medication decreases the amount of L-dopa in the brain. D) Antipsychotic medication increases the amount of dopamine in the brain.

If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do? A) avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established. B) avoid only binge drinking, since only binge drinking is associated with FAS. C) drink no more than the equivalent of one ounce of alcohol per day. D) drink no more than the equivalent of two ounces of alcohol per day.

If a schizophrenic were making involuntary ticlike movements of the tongue, mouth, face, or whole body, smacking the lips, and making sucking and chewing movements, one would suspect the patient: A) was taking too much antipsychotic medication. B) was taking too little antipsychotic medication. C) had been taking antipsychotic medication for a short time. D) had been taking antipsychotic medication for a long time.

If an individual has damage to the prefrontal cortex, which of the following symptoms would MOST likely be observed? A) fear and other negative emotions B) a thought disorder C) odd but imaginative language D) deficits in planning, self-control, and decision making

If future editions of the DSM change to a dimensional approach in the diagnosis of personality disorders, clinicians will have to: A) not do anything differently then they are doing now in diagnosing personality disorders. B) utilize a GAF scale in diagnosing personality disorders. C) rate the degree of dysfunctioning caused by each person's traits in diagnosing personality disorders. D) utilize categories versus a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders.

If instruments such as the "Big Five" are used to describe personality, rather than relying on DSM-5, then diagnoses of psychological disorder would become: A) more categorical as well as more a matter of degree. B) more categorical and less a matter of degree. C) less categorical and more a matter of degree. D) less categorical as well as less a matter of degree.

If observations of a relationship between "expressed emotion" in families and recovery from schizophrenia demonstrate cause-and-effect, one would predict that relapse would be LEAST common in schizophrenics whose families: A) frequently express criticism, and do not allow much privacy. B) frequently express criticism, and allow a good deal of privacy. C) infrequently express criticism, and do not allow much privacy. D) infrequently express criticism, and allow a good deal of privacy.

If one were taking antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia, one would expect the drugs to: A) be most effective against negative symptoms of schizophrenia. B) be most effective against positive symptoms of schizophrenia. C) be given in higher doses to women than to men. D) need to be taken even after symptoms have been alleviated.

If one were treated by therapists who believed that patients needed to live in a social climate that promoted productive activity, self-respect, and individual responsibility, one would be likely to be living in the: A) 1920s. B) 1930s. C) 1940s. D) 1950s.

If parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) borderline personality disorder. C) dependent personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

If relatives of a schizophrenic come to have more realistic expectations, reduce their guilt, and work on establishing better communication, they are probably receiving: A) milieu therapy. B) social therapy. C) family therapy. D) insight therapy.

If schizophrenia depended solely on genetic make-up, then compared to rates of schizophrenia in siblings in general, "fraternal" twins should have: A) four times the concordance rate for schizophrenia. B) twice the concordance rate for schizophrenia. C) the same concordance rate for schizophrenia. D) half the concordance rate for schizophrenia.

If someone had the delusion of being an animal, the person MOST likely would be experiencing: A) negative symptoms. B) lycanthropy. C) loose associations. D) loss of avolition.

If there were several Parents Anonymous groups in a city near you, you could be sure that in that city: A) children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were abusing alcohol, were receiving help. B) children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were abusing alcohol or any other drug, were receiving help C) parents whose children were physically or verbally abusing them were getting help. D) parents who were themselves child abusers were receiving help.

If you and your family were receiving support, encouragement, and advice from other families with schizophrenic members, you would MOST likely be participating in: A) family psychoeducational programs. B) family milieu therapy. C) joint drug treatment. D) psychodynamic therapy.

If you are being treated for schizophrenia and are learning to distract yourself from the voices you hear and to reinterpret them as just a symptom of your disorder rather than reality, you are MOST likely receiving: A) psychotherapy. B) newer antipsychotic drugs. C) family therapy. D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.

If you believe that personality disorders are BEST understood as a matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a specific diagnosis, you agree with: A) the dimensional approach. B) the categorical approach. C) the symptomatic approach. D) the cluster approach.

If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that: A) the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in his brain. B) the person knows that the hallucinations are fictional. C) hallucinations and delusions are coded in the same place in the person's brain. D) the person is aware of auditory hallucinations but not aware of other types of hallucinations.

If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a "typical" example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have the character exhibit all of the following EXCEPT: A) incessant lying. B) periods of very high anxiety. C) persistent violation of others' rights. D) lack of conscience after committing crimes.

If you went to a meeting of a group lobbying for better care for the mentally ill and made up primarily of family members of people with severe mental disorders, you would probably be attending: A) the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill. B) the Association for Retarded Citizens. C) the Society for Social Workers and Case Managers. D) the Halfway House Paraprofessional Affiliates.

If you were looking for people who have schizophrenia, where would you MOST likely find them? A) living on their own, unsupervised B) in halfway houses C) on the street D) in jail

If you were trying to learn a new language and you could understand it better than you could speak it, you would be showing symptoms MOST like: A) dyslexia. B) developmental coordination disorder. C) receptive language disorder. D) expressive language disorder.

If you were working with a patient who displayed muscle tremors and rigidity, facial tics, and tardive dyskinesia, you would suspect that the person was receiving: A) electroconvulsive therapy. B) antipsychotic drugs. C) milieu therapy. D) psychodynamic therapy.

If your child is diagnosed with a conduct disorder, you could be confident in providing all of the following treatments EXCEPT: A) juvenile training centers. B) treatment foster care. C) anger coping programs. D) problem-solving skills training.

Imagine a child who neglects studies, work, friends, and family in order to be on the Internet. Which of the following about Internet addiction disorder is FALSE? A) There is no such diagnosis as Internet addiction disorder. B) Exposure to vivid but imaginary experiences might impact brain development in children. C) When deprived of the Internet, some of these children become anxious or depressed. D) The Internet does not represent reality nor equip children for dealing with reality.

Imagine that I just stubbed my toe and cried "Ouch." A child with autism, when asked if I was hurt, said, "No," because he wasn't hurt. This inability to take the perspective of another is referred to as: A) excessive logic. B) self-stimulatory behavior. C) mind-blindness. D) sensory overload.

Imagine that you see a video on YouTube designed to encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. It is probably part of a program called: A) Self-Defense is For Everyone. B) It Gets Better. C) How to Hide Your Orientation. D) What to Say to Your Parents.

In general, the closer people are genetically related to someone with schizophrenia, the MORE likely they are to be diagnosed with schizophrenia as well. This is evidence of: A) a positive correlation between a schizophrenia diagnosis and closeness of relationship. B) a negative correlation between a schizophrenia diagnosis and closeness of relationship. C) a causal relationship between a schizophrenia diagnosis and closeness of relationship. D) no clear relationship between a schizophrenia diagnosis and closeness of relationship.

In general, the problems that mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs) face in terms of diagnosis and treatment are: A) about equal to the problems faced by people with severe mental illnesses. B) about equal to the problems faced by people with chemical abuse disorders. C) less than those faced by either by people with severe mental disorders or chemical abuse disorders. D) more than those faced by either people with severe mental disorders or chemical abuse disorders.

In many cases, people with schizophrenia make at least modest gains when they receive behavioral therapy. These findings MOST likely indicate that: A) learning is the cause of schizophrenia. B) other forms of therapy are inappropriate. C) some symptoms of schizophrenia may be learned. D) operant, but not classical, conditioning causes symptoms of schizophrenia.

In poor inner-city neighborhoods, children sometimes eat paint that is flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to intellectual developmental disorder due of: A) meningitis. B) encephalitis. C) microcephaly. D) lead poisoning.

In the United States, most teenagers have cell phones and text. Which of the following MOST accurately describes adult cell phone usage? A) Most do not have cell phones, so most do not text. B) About half have cell phones, but most of them do not text. C) Most have cell phones, but most of them do not text. D) Most have cell phones, and most of them text.

In the middle of a normal, calm conversation, a person with Tourette's syndrome might suddenly begin shouting, and then follow that with a string of obscenities. This is similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called: A) blunted and flat affect. B) inappropriate affect. C) poverty of speech. D) loss of volition.

In the original Community Mental Health Act, the place where individuals would be treated was a: A) day center. B) halfway house. C) sheltered workshop. D) community mental health center.

In the treatment of schizophrenia, a case manager's primary goal is to help with: A) coordination of services. B) services. C) trained professionals. D) access to medication.

Individuals with Down syndrome: A) have a different range of personality characteristics just as do those in the general population without Down syndrome. B) have a similar range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome. C) have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome. D) have a range of personality characteristics similar to those of people with fetal alcohol syndrome.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room. This is known as: A) lack of responsiveness. B) communication difficulties. C) rigid and repetitive behavior. D) perserveration of sameness.

Intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine intellectual developmental disorder, because intelligence test scores: A) are not positively correlated with school performance. B) lack reliability. C) don't indicate level of adaptive behavior. D) lack validity.

Isabelle is born into a very poor family. Both parents have below-average IQs and are barely able to support and provide for themselves. Isabelle's nutrition and health care have never been very good. She is at risk for: A) autistic spectrum disorder. B) mild intellectual developmental disorder. C) attention-deficit disorder. D) severe intellectual developmental disorder.

Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend's house or go to camp. His condition is called: A) enuresis. B) encopresis. C) conduct disorder. D) noctural emission.

Like those with paranoid personality disorder, those with avoidant personality disorder usually: A) are very sensitive to criticism. B) avoid close relationships. C) are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships. D) are indifferent to criticism and seek out close relationships.

Lisa felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Lisa's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with: A) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) borderline personality disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

Long-term mental patients frequently developed anger, aggressiveness, and loss of interest in personal appearance. This condition has been called: A) psychosis. B) schizophrenia. C) social breakdown syndrome. D) neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

MOST cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder seem to be related to: A) inherited traits. B) sociocultural and psychological factors. C) fetal alcohol syndrome. D) organic brain syndrome.

MOST children with intellectual developmental disorder live: A) at home. B) in "normalization" residences. C) in relatively small, county-run institutions. D) in relatively large, state-run institutions.

MOST diagnosed cases of Down syndrome are of the: A) trisomy 21 type. B) mosaicism type. C) age-related type. D) translocation type.

Martin is a person with schizophrenia who feels ambivalent about most issues. He has no goals and does not seem to have the energy or interest to think about them. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from: A) disturbances in affect. B) disturbances in volition. C) a disturbed sense of self. D) a disturbed relationship with the outside world.

Maxwell Jones (1953) created an approach to psychotherapy of the institutionalized in London called: A) oral therapy. B) group therapy. C) a token economy. D) the therapeutic community.

Mild mental retardation is MOST common in which socioeconomic class? A) lower B) middle C) upper D) Mild mental retardation is about equally common across socioeconomic classes.

Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia. A) active B) positive C) negative D) psychomotor

Mindfulness is MOST similar to which of the following therapies? A) family B) medical/biological C) milieu D) cognitive-behavioral

Most colleges and universities now require students to have a meningitis vaccination before enrolling. Untreated meningitis can lead to: A) cretinism. B) encephalitis. C) autism. D) intellectual development disorder.

Most contemporary psychodynamic theorists would agree with which of the following statements? A) Schizophrenogenic mothers confuse their children, resulting in their children becoming schizophrenic. B) Schizophrenogenic mothers, if they do exist, don't create schizophrenic children. C) Schizophrenogenia should be applied to fathers as well as to mothers. D) Schizophrenogenia has been supported by research as an important contributor to schizophrenia.

Most patients who lived on the hospital wards in state mental hospitals in the mid-1900s: A) were schizophrenics. B) were given individual "talk" therapy with no success. C) interacted well with each other but not with staff members. D) were in fact violent criminals.

New-wave cognitive-behavioral therapies are MOST similar to: A) milieu therapy. B) exposure and response prevention. C) covert sensitization. D) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.

Noreen has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She is totally unresponsive to her environment. She does not move for hours on end and never responds to contacts from others. This is an example of: A) catatonic stupor. B) general dysphoria. C) inappropriate affect. D) catatonic excitement.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is MOST common among: A) unemployed women. B) women with jobs. C) unemployed men. D) men with jobs.

Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you it's your imagination, but eventually, you come to think your friends are hiding something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This thinking leads you down the "rational path to madness." This scenario is consistent with the: A) cognitive view. B) behavioral view. C) existential view. D) psychodynamic view.

Of the following parents, the ones LEAST likely to have children who receive effective treatment for ADHD are: A) white Americans with private health insurance. B) African Americans with private health insurance. C) white Americans who are Medicaid-insured. D) African Americans who are Medicaid-insured.

Of the following reasons, the LEAST likely to contribute to the differences between African Americans and white Americans in receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is: A) economic factors. B) social bias. C) stereotyping. D) differences in drug tolerance.

Of the following statements, which one most accurately reflects up-to-date research on DSM- 5 categories of personality disorder? A) Diagnostic criteria for personality disorders have remained very consistent for many years. B) Passive-aggressive personality disorder remains the personality disorder easiest to diagnose and treat. C) Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis. D) Personality disorder "clusters" are quite distinct from one another.

Of the following, which is MOST likely to be successful as part of a treatment foster care program? A) family therapy with the foster parents followed by therapy with the original parents B) meetings with school, parole, and probation officers if needed C) training and treatment that involves the child, the foster parents, and the biological parents. D) individual treatment with the child, followed by family therapy

One especially good reason to use a form of group therapy in the treatment of dependent personality disorder is that: A) the therapist can still control the group, because the participants are so dependent. B) the group members will see how maladaptive the dependent behavior is when they observe it in the other group members. C) the group members can model appropriate behaviors and expression of feelings to one another. D) All of these alternatives are good reasons to use group therapy with those with dependent personality disorder.

One of the unwanted and later side effects of antipsychotic medications is: A) paralysis. B) hyperactivity. C) tardive dyskinesia. D) Parkinson's disease.

One reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is that the afflicted individuals: A) enjoy their symptoms and do not seek change. B) are frequently unaware that they have a problem. C) experience no distress and do not want treatment. D) have accompanying mood disorders that must be treated first.

One similarity of those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid personality disorder is that they tend: A) not to have close ties to others. B) to distrust others. C) to be described by others as arrogant and angry. D) not to score well on typical intelligence tests.

One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called: A) echolalia. B) neologism. C) nominal aphasia. D) pronominal reversal.

One useful approach to treating enuresis employs: A) insight therapy. B) stimulant drugs. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.

Only 23 percent of adults report openly expressing their anger. Should they? A) Yes. Venting is a healthy way to express anger. B) Yes. Otherwise, they will develop a personality disorder. C) Yes. Venting is better than walking away from an anger-producing situation. D) No. Ironically, venting appears to make people angrier.

Pat does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. These symptoms MOST likely indicate: A) a conduct disorder. B) school phobia with acting out. C) dyslexia with childhood anxiety. D) attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

Patients are MORE likely to recover from schizophrenia if they: A) had hallucinations but no delusions. B) showed delusions but no hallucinations. C) demonstrated good premorbid functioning. D) had primarily negative rather than positive signs.

Patients who developed extreme withdrawal, anger, physical aggressiveness, and loss of personal hygiene as a result of poor institutional care were showing a pattern known as: A) institutional deterioration. B) social breakdown syndrome. C) chronic back ward syndrome. D) schizophrenic failure to thrive.

Paula has moderate intellectual developmental disorder, a small head and flat face, as well as a protruding tongue. Her condition is MOST likely: A) PKU. B) Down syndrome. C) Tay-Sachs disease. D) fragile X syndrome.

People around those who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia begin to treat them as if they are "crazy," expecting and overreacting to odd behaviors that they might not even notice in others. This observation is MOST consistent with the ______ understanding of schizophrenia. A) psychodynamic B) family systems C) cognitive D) sociocultural

People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty ______ relationships, while people with dependent personality disorder have difficulty ______ relationships. A) initiating; ending B) ending; initiating C) ending; beginning D) seeking; initiating

People with schizophrenia who wave their arms around in wild motions and make kicking motions with their legs are experiencing: A) catatonic stupor. B) catatonic excitement. C) catatonic rigidity. D) catatonic posturing.

Perhaps the biggest problem facing school administrators who try to deal with bullying is that: A) so many students are involved in bullying incidents, it is hard to tell who is dangerous. B) they really don't care, since bullying is such an unusual occurrence in most schools. C) there is a very real possibility that the bullies will attack them, as well as their student victims. D) students really don't rate bullying as a serious problem.

Personality disorders are categorized into three main clusters that include all of the following EXCEPT: A) odd. B) dramatic. C) anxious. D) schizophrenic.

Postpartum psychosis occurs: A) in 1-2 percent of women, beginning soon after childbirth. B) in about 5 percent of women, beginning soon after childbirth. C) in 1-2 percent of women beginning 1-2 years after childbirth. D) in about 5 percent of women, beginning 1-2 years after childbirth

Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal, are all examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia. A) positive B) negative C) hallucinatory D) psychomotor

Psychodynamic theorists explain obsessive-compulsive personality disorder as a fixation at the: A) oral stage. B) anal stage. C) phallic stage. D) genital stage.

Psychosis means: A) split personality. B) loss of contact with reality. C) brain seizures. D) drug abuse.

Quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, he now lives on his own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. He would not be considered to have intellectual developmental disorder because: A) he is too old. B) his IQ is not low enough. C) his daily functioning is adequate. D) his condition was not diagnosed before the age of 18.

Rather than seeking to eliminate hallucinations and delusions, which form of therapy helps people learn to reinterpret their hallucinations and change their reactions to the hallucinations? A) cognitive-behavioral. B) milieu. C) insight. D) medical.

Recent research shows that if one identical twin develops schizophrenia, there is about a 50 percent chance the other twin will develop schizophrenia. If future research confirms this finding, we will have evidence of: A) a strong genetic component of schizophrenia. B) a strong environmental component of schizophrenia. C) strong environmental and strong genetic components of schizophrenia. D) a single, strong "schizophrenia gene."

Recent studies show that children with autistic spectrum disorder are MORE likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of the brain? A) cerebral cortex B) corpus callosum C) cerebellum D) hypothalamus

Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of: A) avoidant personality disorder. B) paranoid personality disorder. C) narcissistic personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Regarding brain structure, those with schizophrenia have been found to have all of the following EXCEPT: A) reduced blood flow to the brain. B) smaller frontal lobes than nonschizophrenics. C) larger amounts of cortical gray matter. D) enlarged ventricles.

Regarding likelihood of recovery and types of symptoms exhibited, which of the following would be the WORST disorder to have? A) Type I schizophrenia B) Type II schizophrenia C) Type III schizophrenia D) Type IV schizophrenia

Research has shown that, during infancy and early childhood, autistic children are MORE likely to: A) have parents who divorce than are "normal" children. B) be raised in a family with financial difficulties than are "normal" children. C) have cold, rejecting parents. D) None of the answers are true.

Research suggests that an effective treatment plan for schizophrenia should include: A) biological treatments but not psychological treatments. B) biological treatments but not sociocultural treatments. C) sociocultural treatments and psychological treatments only. D) biological treatments and psychological treatments.

Research with those experiencing auditory hallucinations has demonstrated all of the following EXCEPT: A) increased blood flow in Broca's area. B) increased activity in the brain's hearing center. C) movement of the oval window of the cochlea. D) increased activity near the brain's surface.

Researchers estimate that about what percent of homeless individuals are identifiable as MICAs (mentally ill chemical abusers)? A) less than 5 percent B) 10 to 20 percent C) about one-third (33 percent) D) almost half (50 percent)

Researchers found that phenothiazines reduced psychotic symptoms but also caused Parkinsonian symptoms, like tremors. This discovery suggests that: A) schizophrenia masks Parkinson's disease. B) schizophrenia is tied to excessive dopamine. C) excessive dopamine is tied to Parkinson's disease. D) schizophrenia causes the synthesis of excessive amounts of dopamine.

Results from TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) BEST support which of the following conclusions? A) Second-generation antidepressants should not be used with adolescents because the risk for harm is too high. B) Treatment that works for one category of people may not be effective for another category of people. C) Cognitive-behavior therapy alone is the best treatment for adolescents. D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy cannot be used with adolescents because of their cognitive limitations.

Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from: A) delusions of grandeur. B) delusions of reference. C) delusions of control. D) delusions of persecution.

Sarah respects none of society's boundaries and is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. She does not consider the consequences of her actions. She MOST probably experiences: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a: A) lower socioeconomic level. B) middle socioeconomic level. C) professional socioeconomic level. D) privileged (wealthy) socioeconomic level.

Schizophrenia researchers have been: A) about equally successful in identifying biological and psychological origins of schizophrenia. B) more successful in identifying biological origins than psychological origins of schizophrenia. C) more successful in identifying psychological origins than biological origins of schizophrenia. D) frustratingly unsuccessful in identifying either biological or psychological origins of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenics who are working in a sheltered workshop are receiving: A) coordinated services. B) partial hospitalization. C) halfway house services. D) occupational training.

Schizophrenics who receive 24-hour supervision in a community setting, usually following a milieu approach, are receiving: A) coordinated services. B) partial hospitalization. C) halfway house services. D) occupational training.

Schizotypal personality disorders differ from other "odd" personality disorders in that they are related to schizophrenia and: A) stress disorders. B) mood disorders. C) anxiety disorders. D) mental retardation.

Several people with schizophrenia work at a recycling center, where on-time behavior is expected, and payment is made solely for work completed. The people do not compete with each other. MOST likely, this work takes place at a: A) halfway house. B) community mental health center. C) sheltered workshop. D) community employment center.

Should drugs be used in the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder? A) Maybe; in low doses, they seem to help some clients. B) Maybe; in high doses, they seem to help some clients. C) Yes; in low doses, they seem to help practically all clients. D) Yes; in high doses, they seem to help practically all clients.

Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with: A) trisomy 21. B) Down syndrome. C) phenylketonuria. D) fragile X syndrome.

Since 1950, interest in psychological explanations for schizophrenia, as opposed to genetic and biological explanations have: A) decreased, then increased. B) increased, then decreased. C) decreased steadily. D) stayed the same.

Social therapy appears to play the STRONGEST role in: A) lessening the possibility of relapse in those recovering from schizophrenia. B) preventing the development of schizophrenia. C) treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. D) giving families skills to treat their relative with schizophrenia.

Some hospitalized mental patients whose original symptoms of schizophrenia improved were nonetheless unable to return to society because of the negative effects of their care. This syndrome is called: A) schizophrenogenesis. B) hyperinstitutionalization. C) social breakdown syndrome. D) downward drift.

Someone says to you, "Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy." What is your BEST response? A) "It's true that most homeless people experience a serious mental illness." B) "That's a big myth. Virtually no homeless people are truly mentally ill." C) "Unfortunately, about a third of homeless people are mentally ill." D) "You should be scared. Mentally ill homeless people are usually violent."

Studies of the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce: A) long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. B) only short-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. C) long-term gains in school achievement, but only short-term gains in intelligence test performance. D) only short-term gains in school achievement, but long-term gains in intelligence test performance.

Studies of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder show that: A) less than half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and almost none succeed. B) less than half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and over 5 percent succeed. C) over half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and almost none succeed. D) over half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and about 10 percent succeed.

Studies relating rates of diagnosis of schizophrenia to poverty and race show: A) a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and poverty. B) a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and race. C) a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and both race and poverty. D) no clear connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and either race or poverty.

Surveys show that ______ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States. A) worry B) depression C) anxiety D) substance abuse

Symptoms of postpartum psychosis appear to be triggered by: A) the sudden loss of social status a woman experiences immediately after giving birth. B) maternal diabetes, which is at its worst during and after birth. C) feelings of diminished worth, combined with anxiety related to child care. D) a large shift in hormones occurring just after childbirth.

Tardive dyskinesia can be overlooked because: A) its symptoms are always very subtle. B) it has symptoms that are similar to schizophrenia. C) the symptoms are manifest in different ways in different patients. D) the symptoms do not begin until after the actual brain damage has taken place.

The "flower children" of the 1960s and 1970s have sometimes been called the "me" generation, reflecting the supposed self-centered individualism of the time. If this is true, a sociocultural theorist would predict a larger than usual percentage of which kind of personality disorder among the aging "me" generation? A) narcissistic B) antisocial C) obsessive-compulsive D) dependent

The "rational path to madness" is MOST consistent with a: A) behavioral orientation. B) family systems orientation. C) psychoanalytic orientation. D) cognitive orientation.

The Americans Walter Freeman and James Watts "improved" the procedure developed by Egas Moniz by developing the: A) prefrontal lobotomy. B) prefrontal leucotomy. C) transorbital lobotomy. D) complete prefrontal lobectomy

The BEST way to characterize children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is that they: A) show disturbed and contradictory patterns of reactions to stimuli. B) have low IQs and poor cognitive skills, but good social skills. C) engage in excessive amounts of abstract play. D) appear to be exceptionally coordinated.

The Community Mental Health Act stipulated that patients with mental disorders should receive all of the following except ______ without leaving their communities. A) inpatient treatment B) preventative care C) outpatient therapy D) research opportunities

The LEAP program for treating children with autism spectrum disorder is unique because it involves the use of: A) reinforcement principles. B) medication. C) MMR vaccinations. D) typical children as models and "teachers."

The LEAST effective way to deal with conduct disorder is: A) prevention programs. B) teaching children how to deal with their anger. C) having children live in juvenile training centers. D) through family intervention.

The LOWEST number of extrapyramidal side effects is seen after taking: A) clozapine. B) haloperidol. C) thioridazine. D) chlorpromazine.

The MAIN concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, and in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is: A) the use of cognitive behavioral therapy. B) the use of family therapy. C) the use of adult medications. D) the use of psychodynamic therapy.

The MAIN contribution of Philippe Pinel to the care of those with severe mental illnesses was to: A) develop state hospitals for people who couldn't afford private care. B) use antipsychotic drugs in highly controlled settings. C) treat patients with sympathy and kindness. D) promote deinstitutionalization.

The MAIN difference between hallucinations and delusions is that: A) hallucinations are more serious than delusions. B) hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve belief. C) hallucinations are more common early in the disorder and delusions more common later. D) hallucinations are auditory and delusions are visual.

The MOST common and successful treatments for encopresis are: A) medication and family therapy. B) behavioral and family therapy. C) bell and pad system. D) behavioral and medical treatments.

The MOST common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is: A) visual. B) tactile. C) auditory. D) olfactory.

The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that: A) disorders of thought, perception, and attention are present. B) the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness. C) they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress. D) they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting relationships with other people.

The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include: A) brain abnormalities. B) personality characteristics of the parents. C) social status. D) environmental stress.

The MOST widely used atypical antipsychotic drug is: A) Clozaril. B) Xanax. C) Thorazine. D) Prozac.

The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) about treatment for adolescent depression, produced three major surprises. Which of the following is NOT true about the study's findings? A) A combination of antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy was most effective. B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a placebo treatment. C) Antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone. D) The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and is not that significant.

The TV show Monk features a detective who is very seldom happy, has few good friends, has a very rigid order and way in which he must do things, and who frequently has difficulty making up his mind about what to do. If he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it would MOST likely be a ______ disorder. A) narcissistic B) obsessive-compulsive C) schizoptypal D) borderline

The TV show Saturday Night Live once featured a skit involving an "Anal Retentive Carpenter," who had to keep all his tools and work materials in just the "right" places, arranged "just so." He was very anxious any time tools and materials were not just as he wanted them. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for the carpenter would be: A) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. B) borderline personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) impulse-control personality disorder.

The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is most likely a _____ personality disorder. A) cognitive B) biological C) behavioral D) psychodynamic

The authors of DSM-5 have designed their own dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders for possible inclusion in future revisions of the DSM. The idea is that individuals whose traits significantly impair their functioning should receive a diagnosis of: A) psychoticism disorder. B) personality disorder trait specified. C) negative affectivity disorder. D) detachment disorder.

The behavioral view of schizophrenia: A) provides a complete explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia. B) provides no explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia. C) provides a partial explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia. D) has not been explored to further understand the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia.

The belief that many people hear voices and that this can be a meaningful, nonpathological experience is held by: A) a representative from a pharmaceutical company. B) a psychiatrist practicing insight therapy. C) a member of the Hearing Voices Network. D) someone setting up a token economy program.

The categorical approach to personality disorders assumes that: A) problematic personality traits are either present or absent. B) personality disorders are best understood on a continuum based on severity of symptoms. C) individuals can turn their symptoms off and on like a light switch. D) children as well as adults should be diagnosed with personality disorders.

The category of "odd" personality disorders includes the traits of: A) anxiety and fearfulness. B) being highly dramatic, emotional, or erratic. C) inflexibility and total loss of contact with reality. D) extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities.

The child most likely to show the first symptom of autism spectrum disorder would be a: A) boy under 3 years old. B) girl under 3 years old. C) boy over 5 years old. D) girl over 5 years old.

The cognitive view of schizophrenia is based on the assumption that those with schizophrenia experience strange and unreal sensations: A) then tell their friends and family, who deny the reality of the sensations. B) and misinterpret them as "normal." C) that have no basis in biology. D) that are confirmed by their schizophrengernic mothers.

The complete remission rate for those diagnosed with schizophrenia is: A) higher in developed countries than in undeveloped countries, possibly because of better access to powerful antipsychotic drugs. B) higher in developed countries than in undeveloped countries, possibly because of better access to hospitalization. C) higher in developing countries than in undeveloped countries, possibly because of better family and social support. D) higher in developing countries than in undeveloped countries, possibly because of decreased societal tolerance of positive symptoms.

The consistencies of one's characteristics are called: A) inherited characteristics. B) learned responses. C) personality traits. D) personality typologies.

The data from studies of the biological and adoptive parents of children who receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia as adults show that the concordance rate of schizophrenia with biological relatives is: A) lower than with adoptive relatives. B) higher than with adoptive relatives. C) a direct function of the age at adoption. D) equally low with both biological and adoptive relatives.

The decrease in the fluency and productivity of speech that is seen in schizophrenia is specifically termed: A) alogia. B) blocking. C) avolition. D) catatonia.

The goal of family therapy is: A) to help the family better support the schizophrenic patient. B) to help the patient move out of the family home and live on his or her own. C) to help the family display higher levels of expressed emotion. D) to help patients return to the hospital more quickly.

The inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological emotional or physiological states is characteristic of both: A) schizophrenia and schizoid personality disorder. B) a mass murderer and self-injurious behavior. C) odd and dramatic personality disorders. D) borderline personality disorder and eating disorders.

The inability to move limbs in catatonic schizophrenia illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia. A) active B) positive C) negative D) psychomotor

The latest research on the use of Ritalin to treat ADHD suggests which of the following? A) Research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on white American children. B) Negative side effects are serious enough to discourage the use of Ritalin among adolescents. C) Fortunately, Ritalin is not effective when used as a recreational drug. D) Most ADHD children are better off if they are not treated with Ritalin.

The link between dopamine and schizophrenia is supported by the finding that: A) lower dopamine activity helps remove schizophrenic symptoms. B) the use of L-dopa can reduce schizophrenic symptoms. C) antipsychotic drugs can block Parkinsonian symptoms. D) dopamine-receiving synapses in persons with schizophrenia are apparently inactive.

The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it, MOST likely would be diagnosed with: A) autism spectrum disorder. B) ADHD. C) mental retardation. D) oppositional defiant disorder

The most common of the identified chromosomal causes of Down syndrome is: A) trisomy 21. B) mosaicism. C) translocation. D) PKU.

The most successful way to eliminate tardive dyskinesia is: A) to stop the antipsychotic medication. B) to use anti-Parkinsonian drugs to treat the side effects. C) to ignore it; it will go away eventually. D) to increase the dose of antipsychotic medication.

The neuroleptic side effect marked by muscle rigidity, fever, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfunction is called: A) dystonia. B) akathisia. C) tardive dyskinesia. D) neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

The parents of those with schizoid personality disorder are MOST likely to have been: A) responsive. B) accepting. C) unaccepting. D) available.

The percentage of individuals at the four levels of intellectual developmental disorder from mild to profound: A) increases steadily as the intelligence level decreases. B) decreases steadily as the intelligence level decreases. C) stays about the same as the intelligence level decreases. D) is highest for the "moderate intellectual developmental disorder" level.

The person most responsible for coordinating community service and providing practical help with problem-solving social skills, and ensuring that medications are being taken properly is a: A) psychiatrist. B) clinical psychologist. C) nurse practitioner. D) case manager.

The personality disorder that is characterized by the need for undying love and admiration is: A) borderline. B) histrionic. C) narcissistic. D) schizotypal.

The proportion of patients taking antipsychotic medication who eventually develop tardive dyskinesia is closest to: A) 1 percent. B) 10 percent. C) 20 percent. D) 50 percent.

The schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that: A) those with schizoid personality disorder seek close affiliations with others, while those with paranoid personality do not. B) paranoid personality disorder is treatable only through drug therapy; schizoid personality can be treated with psychotherapy. C) women are more likely to have schizoid personality disorder than paranoid personality disorder; the opposite is true for men. D) those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.

The schizophrenic symptom most likely to be relieved by antipsychotic drugs is: A) delusions. B) flat affect. C) lack of speech. D) lack of purpose.

The theorist who describes schizoid personality disorder as developing from coping with parental rejection by avoiding relationships represents the: A) cognitive perspective, B) behavioral perspective. C) existential perspective. D) psychodynamic perspective.

The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder have been: A) behavioral and drug therapies. B) group therapy and sociotherapy. C) behavioral and group therapy. D) insight therapy and cognitive therapy.

The two childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial personality disorder are: A) depression and withdrawal. B) schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. C) mental retardation. D) conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The type of therapist MOST likely to try to help people diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder to believe they are not helpless, and to teach them better thinking skills, is a ______ therapist: A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) sociocultural D) behavioral

The type of therapy that generally provides the least help for those with schizoid personality disorder is: A) behavioral. B) drug. C) cognitive. D) None of the other alternatives provide help for those with schizoid personality disorder.

The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs of others are different from theirs, or be able to anticipate future negative events. Therefore: A) the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms. B) children do not experience phobias. C) a child cannot fully experience an anxiety disorder. D) anxiety is not diagnosed until adolescence.

The use of IQ test results to diagnose intellectual developmental disorder has been criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) They do not measure functioning at the low end of the scale adequately. B) They are culturally biased. C) They do not measure adaptive functioning. D) They are not valid predictors of school performance.

The usual way of dealing with troublesome or violent schizophrenic people in institutions in the first half of the twentieth century was to: A) use drugs. B) beat them. C) ignore them. D) use physical restraint.

The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure: A) before birth. B) between birth and two years old. C) during puberty. D) during the two years just after puberty.

Theorists propose that institutionalized patients deteriorate because they are deprived of opportunities to develop self-respect and independence. The therapy that counters this effect by creating an environment that encourages self-respect and responsibility is known as: A) token therapy. B) social therapy. C) milieu therapy. D) environmental enhancement.

Tokens: A) are given by patients to other patients whom they admire. B) can be exchanged for a variety of rewards. C) are given as punishment when a patient behaves unacceptably. D) have a great street value.

Therapists who advise clients to apply special breathing and relaxation techniques in response to their hallucinatory voices are using a technique from the cognitive-behavioral approach that involves: A) education about the biological causes of hallucinations. B) ways of coping with hallucinations. C) interpreting their hallucinations. D) challenging ideas about the power of hallucinations.

Therapists who advise clients to resist following orders from their hallucinatory voices are using a technique from the cognitive-behavioral approach that involves: A) education about the biological causes of hallucinations. B) ways of coping with unpleasant sensations. C) reattribution of their hallucinations. D) challenging ideas about the power of hallucinations.

Therapists who make statements such as, "It's not a real voice; it's my illness," are using a technique from the cognitive-behavioral approach that involves: A) education about the biological causes of hallucinations. B) ways of coping with unpleasant sensations. C) interpreting their hallucinations. D) challenging ideas about the power of hallucinations.

There is a new game called "Moods" where one acts out the mood listed on a card. Being encouraged to play this game is most like the treatment _____ might use for those with schizoid disorders. A) psychoanalytic therapists B) cognitive therapists C) behavioral therapists D) biological therapists

Transported to the hospital after a suicide attempt, a man is later admitted to the hospital's psychiatric wing. His history showed other self-destructive behaviors and recklessness. MOST likely, if the man is diagnosed with a personality disorder, it will be: A) paranoid. B) avoidant. C) narcissistic. D) borderline.

Those diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder appear MORE responsive to which kinds of therapy? A) cognitive and biological B) psychodynamic and biological C) psychodynamic and cognitive D) biological and behavioral

Those with schizophrenia who hold awkward and bizarre positions for long periods of time are experiencing: A) catatonic stupor. B) catatonic excitement. C) catatonic rigidity. D) catatonic posturing.

Those with schizophrenia who remain standing for hours and resist efforts to be moved are experiencing: A) catatonic stupor. B) catatonic excitement. C) catatonic rigidity. D) catatonic posturing.

Those with schizophrenia who stop responding to their environment and remain motionless and silent for long periods of time are experiencing: A) catatonic stupor. B) catatonic excitement. C) catatonic rigidity. D) catatonic posturing.

Those with with schizophrenia who are unable to recognize other people's needs and emotions and who also distance themselves from reality are displaying: A) poverty of speech. B) blunted or flat affect. C) loss of volition. D) social withdrawal.

Two children—one, African-American and the other, white American—display exactly the same symptoms of overactivity. What is MOST likely to happen? A) They will both be diagnosed with ADHD. B) The white American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the African American will be diagnosed with possibly a lower IQ or substance abuse. C) The African American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the white American will not be diagnosed with anything. D) Both will be diagnosed with ADHD, but it will be attributed to medical causes for the white American and social causes for the African American.

Ty is fairly handsome, but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) schizotypal personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

What aspect of dialectical behavior therapy relates to psychodynamic theory? A) the emphasis on anal retention B) the emphasis on social skills training C) the emphasis on multicultural influences on behavior D) the emphasis on the patient-therapist relationship.

What differentiates normal personality characteristics from personality disorders? A) the specific characteristics B) the degree of inflexibility and maladaptiveness C) the length of time one possesses the characteristics D) All the answers are correct.

Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) paranoid personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

What do Parkinson-like symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and tardive dyskinesia have in common? A) They are all symptoms of schizophrenia. B) They all result mostly from taking the newer antipsychotic drugs. C) They all involve disruption of motor control. D) They all can be treated with conventional antipsychotic drugs.

What does it mean to say that intelligence tests are culturally biased? A) They measure "street smarts," so rural children are disadvantaged. B) They measure abilities that are related to having been in school, disadvantaging home-schooled children. C) They are biased against children who have experienced a great variety of cultures and who are bilingual. D) They are biased in favor of those from middle and upper socioeconomic levels who are exposed to the kinds of language and typical experiences that the test evaluates.

What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder? A) They may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves. B) They finally cannot care for themselves. C) They voluntarily ask for hospitalization, out of desperation. D) They are so afraid of leaving their homes that they suffer social paralysis.

What is the BEST educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum? A) mainstreaming and being in a typical classroom with other children B) being in special classes that operate in the school district's own facilities C) being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education D) being home-schooled

What is the MOST accurate advice you could give someone thinking about taking traditional antipsychotic medication for their schizophrenia? A) "Try psychotherapy first; it often works just as well." B) "If you have negative symptoms of schizophrenia, you can expect better results from medication." C) "Although these drugs will probably work, there are significant side effects." D) "Although these drugs work well, you probably won't see the maximum results until after six months."

What is the concern regarding the changes produced by token economies? A) Many studies of token economies are methodologically flawed. B) Some patients can function in normal life but deteriorate in the hospital. C) The skills learned in the hospital may not generalize to the outside world. D) The person may have learned new behaviors without changing his distorted thinking.

What is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins? A) 2-5 percent B) 15-18 percent C) 40-60 percent D) 70-80 percent

What percentage of the world population is estimated to have schizophrenia? A) 0.05 percent B) 1 percent C) 5 percent D) 10 percent

What treatment programs seem to work best for mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs)? A) short-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy B) short-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy C) long-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy D) long-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy

What was the dominant way of treating schizophrenic people during the first half of the twentieth century? A) institutionalization B) outpatient services C) individual psychotherapy D) treatment with neuroleptic drugs

What would be the BEST answer to give to parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD in response to their questions about what caused it? A) "It is probably due to a brain malformation that can be corrected with surgery." B) "Family dysfunction and high levels of family stress cause ADHD." C) "It results from the reactions of others to a child who is just an active child." D) "Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors."

When Janice drinks her milk, she is sure from the taste that someone put salt in it. Janice is most likely experiencing a(n) _______ hallucination. A) somatic B) auditory C) olfactory D) gustatory

When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps her arms, twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in: A) self-injurious behavior. B) self-communication behavior. C) self-motor behavior. D) self-stimulatory behavior

When a child with autism spectrum disorder says "You want a drink" when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying A) self-stimulatory behavior. B) delayed echolalia. C) limited imagination. D) pronominal reversal.

When dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline personality disorder, those patients, compared to patients receiving other forms of therapy, make: A) far fewer suicide attempts, and are hospitalized less often. B) far fewer suicide attempts, but are hospitalized about as often. C) about the same number of suicide attempts, but are hospitalized less often. D) about the same number of suicide attempts, and are hospitalized about as often.

When the seat belt light in DiDi's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of: A) obsessive personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

Which category of personality disorder contains the disorders MOST commonly diagnosed? A) "odd" B) "dramatic" C) "anxious" D) There are no clear differences among the categories in terms of frequency of diagnosis.

Which of the following BEST describes the effectiveness of token economy strategies? A) They are ineffective in the long run. B) They reverse the progress of schizophrenia. C) They are successful at changing the patient's behavior. D) They are successful in altering the patient's distorted thinking.

Which of the following MOST accurately represents the "rational path to madness?" A) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others say I am imagining things. I decide others are lying to me. B) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others give me lots of attention and sympathy. I experience more symptoms. C) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others say I am imagining things. I decide they are right and become depressed. D) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others argue rationally against my symptoms. I believe them and no longer have symptoms.

Which of the following antipsychotic drugs appears to work at serotonin receptors? A) Haldol B) clozapine C) chlorpromazine D) the phenothiazines

Which of the following best supports the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia? A) Like those with Parkinsonism, those with schizophrenia have unusually low levels of dopamine. B) Antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinson-like symptoms. C) Antipsychotic drugs increase the rate of firing at dopamine receptor sites. D) Dopamine levels vary across the different kinds of schizophrenia.

Which of the following do phenylketonuria and Tay-Sachs disease have in common? A) Both can be detected at birth and treated. B) Both are caused by a double recessive gene. C) Both are metabolic defects involving an amino acid. D) People of Eastern European Jewish ancestry are at increased risk for both.

Which of the following drugs appears to act more at D-1 and D-4 dopamine receptors than at D-2 dopamine receptors? A) clozapine B) Thorazine C) haloperidol D) chlorpromazine

Which of the following drugs has antipsychotic properties? A) Prozac B) Valium C) imipramine D) haloperidol

Which of the following groups of relatives of someone diagnosed with schizophrenia shows the correct sequence from having the highest concordance rate for schizophrenia to having the lowest concordance rate for schizophrenia? A) parent, sibling, first cousin B) parent, first cousin, sibling C) sibling, parent, first cousin D) sibling, first cousin, parent

Which of the following has experienced "triggering"? A) an individual who posts YouTube videos of himself biting and cutting himself B) an individual who commits suicide by shooting himself while someone else films it C) an individual who is prompted to injure himself intentionally after watching someone else do it D) an individual who engages in intentional self-injury but encourages others not to do so

Which of the following have sociocultural theorists suggested as a cause for the emergence of borderline personality disorder? A) rapid social change B) traditional family structures C) clinging and dependent parents D) nontraditional family structures

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of mass murderers? A) a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder B) previous imprisonment C) feelings of persecution and desire for revenge D) being under the influence of illegal substances while killing

Why are people taking medication for schizophrenia often given medication that helps control shaking and tremors? A) Schizophrenia often leads to the development of Parkinsonism. B) Medication used to treat schizophrenia leads to Parkinson-like symptoms. C) Dopamine is used to treat both schizophrenia and Parkinsonism. D) Too little or too much dopamine (an imbalance) leads to Parkinsonism and schizophrenia.

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the token economy approach? A) Many studies of effectiveness do not include a control group, confounding the treatment with attention. B) Although token economy programs can change patients' delusional statements, they may not be changing delusional thoughts. C) Token economy programs do not change the behavior of the most severely ill patients. D) It is difficult for patients to make the transition from a token economy program to the community.

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the most common pattern of schizophrenia? A) Women develop the disorder earlier and more severely than men. B) There is a significant risk of suicide attempt—about 25 percent. C) There is a higher incidence in lower than upper socioeconomic groups. D) There is about a 1 percent risk of developing schizophrenia in a lifetime, worldwide.

Which of the following is NOT related to a fuller recovery from schizophrenia? A) good prodromal functioning B) schizophrenia initially triggered by stress C) schizophrenia developing in early life D) an abrupt beginning to the disorder

Which of the following is TRUE of state mental hospitals in the United States in the mid- twentieth century? A) They were built as places to warehouse, isolate, and punish mental patients. B) They were built in large cities so patients could stay in contact with the "real" world. C) They were overcrowded and understaffed. D) Although successful treatments were available, they were too expensive to be used.

Which of the following is a qualified criminal justice professor MOST likely to say? A) "The rate of crime among juveniles is almost evenly split between boys and girls." B) "The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different." C) "Fortunately, the overall rate of juvenile crime is declining." D) "Children are not labeled as delinquent until they reach the age of 13."

Which of the following is a somatic hallucination? A) That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along. B) That butterfly is growing so much it is as big as the house. C) There are invisible bugs crawling under my skin. D) My intestines are a mass of wiggling worms.

Which of the following is a tactile hallucination? A) That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along. B) That butterfly is growing so much it is as big as the house. C) There are invisible bugs crawling under my tingling skin. D) My intestines are a mass of wriggling worms.

Which of the following is the BEST example of a double-bind communication? A) saying "Get away from me" while frowning and crossing one's arms B) saying "I love you" but refusing to allow the child in your lap C) saying "I love you" and cuddling the child D) saying "Get away from me. You are not my child when you act like that."

Which of the following is the BEST example of a finding from genetic linkage and molecular biology studies? A) The brains of those with schizophrenia are structured differently from the brains of those without schizophrenia. B) Those with schizophrenia process certain neurotransmitters differently from those without schizophrenia. C) Gene defects on certain chromosomes predispose one to schizophrenia. D) Biological relatives of those with schizophrenia are at greatest risk for schizophrenia.

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? A) You cannot suffer from both of them at the same time. B) Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive- compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder). C) The most likely disorder comorbid with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder). D) The two obsessive-compulsive disorders are comorbid over half the time.

Which of the following marks an individual as a pseudocommando? A) wearing combat fatigues while committing mass murder B) expecting to be killed while committing mass murder C) forcing others to engage in mass murder D) previously serving as a member of the military in a noncombat zone

Which of the following statements BEST fits the evidence for the biological basis of schizophrenia? A) The gene that causes schizophrenia has been identified in position 21, and it is recessive. B) Schizophrenia is a polygenetic disorder, probably impacting brain structure and chemical activity. C) If someone inherits defects on chromosomes 1-11 and 15-19, that person is likely to experience schizophrenia. D) Genetic studies have revealed no gene involvement in schizophrenia.

Which of the following statements BEST represents current knowledge about mass murderers? A) The mental health field has a clear understanding of what causes mass murderers to behave as they do. B) We really don't know what causes mass murderers to act or how to treat them. C) We know how to treat mass murderers effectively; we just don't have the funds to offer treatment to all who need it. D) The focus of the field is more on the feelings of mass murderers than on their diagnoses.

Which of the following statements MOST accurately reflects current thinking about psychosis and schizophrenia? A) Psychotic behavior is best labeled as schizophrenia. B) Schizophrenia and psychosis are two distinctly different syndromes. C) People with different diagnoses can exhibit psychosis; it's not limited to schizophrenia. D) People with bipolar disorder or major depression don't exhibit psychosis; only people with schizophrenia do.

Which of the following statements about genetic factors in schizophrenia is accurate? A) Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with schizophrenia. B) Fraternal twins have a higher concordance rate for schizophrenia than do identical twins. C) Those with schizophrenia who have been adopted are more like their adoptive parents than like their biological parents. D) Recent family studies eliminate the confounding of environment and genetics.

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate, in terms of current research findings? A) "Odd" personality disorders cause schizophrenia. B) "Odd" personality disorders are caused by schizophrenia. C) "Odd" personality disorders and schizophrenia are related to one another. D) "Odd" personality disorders and schizophrenia are not related to one another.

Which of the following statements is NOT generally true of those with antisocial personality disorder? A) They lie very frequently. B) They are careless with money, and often do not pay their debts. C) They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's. D) They have little regard for their own safety or the safety of others.

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding antisocial personality disorder? A) Most who have it are not treated, and most who are treated are not helped much. B) Most who have it are not treated, but most who are treated are helped substantially. C) Most who have it are treated, but most who are treated are not helped much. D) Most who have it are treated, and most who are treated are helped substantially.

Which of the following statements reflects current research about the biological causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? A) So far, researchers have found no biological causes for ASD. B) The problem is much more likely to be with the brain's anatomy rather than with brain functioning. C) There are probably multiple biological causes, leading to a common "brain problem." D) Neurotransmitter dysfunction explains problems in the cerebellum, but not the brain stem.

Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of paranoid personality disorder is MOST accurate? A) Drug therapy generally works best. B) Psychodynamic therapy involving hypnotic regression is often effective. C) Behavioral therapy usually works well, and in relatively few sessions. D) Most therapies are of limited effectiveness and progress slowly.

Which of the following two pairs MOST closely represent opposites in terms of the behavior you would observe in people with schizophrenia? A) catatonic stupor and catatonic excitement B) catatonic rigidity and catatonic stupor C) catatonic posturing and catatonic rigidity D) catatonic excitement and catatonic posturing

Which of the following would MOST clearly fit into the biosocial theory of the development of borderline personality disorder? A) an individual who has deficits in the functioning of both the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex B) an individual who has family members who display many of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder C) an individual who engages in self-injurious behavior while under the influence of illegal substances D) an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions

Which of the following would a phrenologist MOST likely have done? A) assessed personality by feeling for bumps and indentations on the head B) argued that personality disorders should not be categorized according to symptoms C) treated personality disorders using didactic behavioral therapy D) criticized the validity and reliability of personality disorders in DSM

Which of the following would be the MOST common type of hallucination? A) That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along. B) That butterfly is growing so much it is as big as the house. C) There are invisible bugs crawling under my skin. D) My intestines are a mass of wiggling worms.

Which of these well-known people appears to have displayed symptoms of antisocial personality disorder? A) Mitt Romney B) Bernie Madoff C) Bill Clinton D) Martha Stewart

Which one of the following people would MOST correctly be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder? A) one with an IQ of 85 and significant difficulty communicating B) one with an IQ of 85 but no other significant difficulties C) one with an IQ of 65 but functioning well in life D) one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

Which therapy is based on the premise that when you change the social environment, you can change the patient? A) milieu therapy B) insight therapy C) family therapy D) the token economy

While Type I schizophrenia is dominated by ______ symptoms, Type II schizophrenia is dominated by ______ symptoms. A) alogia; avolition B) negative; positive C) positive; negative D) negative; catatonia

Who is most likely to offer the advice, "If you have the urge to yell at your 'voices' in public, do so with a cell phone up to your ear."? A) a representative from a pharmaceutical company. B) a psychiatrist practicing insight therapy. C) a member of the Hearing Voices Network. D) someone setting up a token economy program.

Who was the first physician responsible for developing the prefrontal lobotomy for use on human patients? A) Egas Moniz B) Eliot Valenstein C) Walter Freeman D) Carlyle Jacobsen

Why do some therapists believe psychotherapy is unsuccessful in treating schizophrenia? A) Schizophrenia increases the strength of most ego defense mechanisms. B) Insurance does not cover psychotherapy for patients diagnosed as schizophrenic. C) Unmedicated schizophrenics are too far removed from reality to form the relationship needed. D) Excessive dopamine interferes with the process of free association that is requisite to the success of psychotherapy.

Why were lobotomies so enthusiastically accepted by the medical community in the 1940s and 1950s? A) They were based on sound experimental studies with animals. B) The inventors of this procedure were gifted and dedicated physicians. C) There were relatively few of them and side-effects were mild. D) They could be used to control criminals as well as mental patients.

With the help of a therapist, a client with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has experienced a dramatic decrease in both dichotomous thinking and worrying. The client's behavior is: A) common; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder seek help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy. B) common; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder seek help, and this person is most likely receiving psychodynamic therapy. C) uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy. D) uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving psychodynamic therapy.

You have found enlarged ventricles during a postmortem analysis on a sample of brain tissue. This is MOST likely to be evidence of: A) conversion disorder. B) schizophrenia involving mainly positive symptoms. C) schizophrenia involving mainly negative symptoms. D) schizophreniform disorder.

You might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when: A) there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness. B) preferences in women's and men's clothing undergo substantial shifts. C) there is a decline in materialism and individualism. D) the sale of "inspirational" DVDs, books, and tapes suddenly increases.

You read a case study about a ten-year-old girl from a poor background who was sexually abused. This case is: A) common; girls from poor backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. B) fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse. C) uncommon; girls from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. D) very uncommon; boys from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse.

Your daughter is MORE likely than your son to be diagnosed with: A) encopresis. B) ADHD. C) autism. D) separation anxiety.

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