ACC Government: chapter 1

14. Capitalism is best described as a(n) a. economic system in which the means of production are owned by the state. b. system that guarantees rights of speech and political participation. c. system in which the use of property is controlled by majority will. d. system of government that favors privately owned businesses. e. good idea in theory but not practically applicable.

D

16. Conservatives strongly a. favor free enterprise. b. argue against government job programs. c. want to preserve traditional patterns of social relations. d. Options A, B, and C are true. e. None of the above is true.

D

17. The following group values both equality and order more than freedom, and its members support both affirmative action and laws that restrict pornography: a. communists b. libertarians c. socialists d. communitarians. e. capitalists

D

18. The Bill of Rights is at the core of our a. procedural theories of democracy. b. majoritarian theories. c. participatory theories of democracy. d. substantive theories of democracy. e. representative theories of democracy.

D

5. Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was a. a representative democracy. b. democratic socialism. c. the absence of any strong central authority. d. a global council of world leaders. e. a single ruler with unquestioned authority.

E

6. The text suggests that there are _________ forces that may be pushing authoritarian governments toward democratization. a. religious b. moral c. philosophical d. ethical e. economic

E

1. A referendum is best described as a(n) a. statement of legislative goals. b. do-over of a previous election. c. ballot without true competition for offices. d. election on a policy issue. e. decision that resolves a legal issue.

D

1. In 2010 Congress passed the Affordable Health Care Act that a. required nearly all Americans to buy health coverage or pay a penalty. b. nationalized health care into a government-run model. c. gave uninsured Americans a $10,000 voucher to help purchase private health insurance. d. created a government-funded public health plan to compete with private in-surers. e. mandated that no private health plan cost more than $20,000.

A

13. A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy, but also some private ownership of pro-ductive capacity, would best be labeled as a a. socialist. b. capitalist. c. totalitarian. d. libertarian. e. moderate.

A

3. An organized group that seeks to influence government policy is called a(n) a. interest group. b. pluralist group. c. elite group. d. oligarchy. e. substantive group.

A

10. Government's "modern dilemma" is how best to balance a. order and equality. b. equality and freedom. c. freedom and order. d. equality of opportunity and equality of outcome. e. chaos and structure.

B

2. An alleged weakness of the majoritarian democratic model is its a. reliance on public opinion polls, which tend to fluctuate over time. b. reliance on the American public to be knowledgeable and participatory. c. insistence that political parties represent the true opinion of the public. d. failure to require elected officials to follow voters' wishes. e. exclusion of interest groups from issue formation.

B

2. The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is a. the restriction of human freedom in the name of national sovereignty. b. the authoritative allocation of values for a society. c. the struggle for economic self-interest. d. rule by the people. e. the manipulation of public opinion by government.

B

3. The broad, basic definition of government given by the text is a. the use of force to benefit an elite. b. legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior. c. citizens participating in community decisions. d. taking from each according to his or her ability and giving to each according to need. e. leaders controlling power and authority.

B

4. According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to ensure a. freedom. b. order. c. a functioning economy. d. public goods. e. free and fair elections.

B

8. Social order is usually defined as a. the degree of equality in society. b. established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior. c. the pattern of economic ownership. d. the methods by which government enforces its authority. e. mechanisms for disagreement with government.

B

9. When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called a. equality of outcome. b. political equality. c. equality of opportunity. d. social order. e. equality of results.

C

11. Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans a. value freedom of speech less than order. b. value freedom of speech less than equality of outcome. c. value equality of outcome more than order. d. value freedom of speech more than order. e. value governmental responsiveness less than order.

D

12. During the 1990s, Congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between a. freedom and order. b. equality and order. c. liberty and justice. d. freedom and equality. e. equal opportunity and equal outcomes.

D

5. Elite theory is discredited as an explanation of American national politics because studies show that a. elitism cannot coexist with democratic elections. b. there are too few power positions in the United States to constitute an elite. c. government and business leaders generally do not cooperate with one anoth-er. d. no one identifiable group regularly prevails on different issues. e. citizens will rally to defend rights they believe are endangered by government policies.

D

7. Examples of public goods are a. social welfare programs. b. nonprofit organization programs. c. private hospitals d. education, sanitation, and parks.

D

7. The text suggests that the United States fulfills the __________ model quite well. a. authoritarian b. majoritarian c. totalitarian d. pluralist e. egalitarian

D

15. Liberals are more likely to favor generous government support for a. education. b. wildlife protection. c. public transportation. d. a whole range of social programs. e. All of the above are true.

E

4. Compared with majoritarian thought, the pluralist model of democracy shifts the focus of democratic decision making from _________ to _________. a. organized groups; the mass electorate b. representatives; voters c. procedures; substance d. substance; procedures e. the mass electorate; organized groups

E

6. Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap-piness" in the Declaration of Independence? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Adam Smith c. Karl Marx d. Boris Yeltsin e. John Locke

E