Acid Base Balance

Between EFC and ICF, which fluid is the majority of our body water composed of?

Intracellular fluid

The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is __________.

A. sodium

What does hypotonic hydration cause?

Hypotonic hydration causes hyponatremia (low concentration of Na+ in the extracellular fluid), leading to cell swelling.

Which of the following has the LEAST influence over the pH of blood plasma?

The bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffer system for the ECF. Because the phosphate buffer system is present in low concentrations in the ECF (approximately one-sixth that of the bicarbonate buffer system), it is relatively unimportant for buffering blood plasma. However, it is a very effective buffer in urine and in ICF, where phosphate concentrations are usually higher.

Hydrogen ions are normally eliminated from the body: a. by excretion in urine b. via insensible perspiration c. in expired air d. via liver detoxification

a. by excretion in urine

Receptors that detect changes in PaCO2 are called: a. chemoreceptors b. nocireceptors c. pH receptors d. osmoreceptors

a. chemoreceptors

Hyperventilation (breathing in and out more air than normal) during a panic attack causes an increase in blood ______. a. partial pressure of CO2 and H+ b. pH c. H+ d. partial pressure of CO2

a. pH

The falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of CO2 due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates: a. respiratory acidosis b. respiratory alkalosis c. metabolic acidosis d. metabolic alkalosis

a. respiratory acidosis

The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of: a. the control of respiratory ventilation b. the operation of the various buffer systems in the stomach c. the active secretion of OH into the filtrate by the kidney tubule cells d. control of acids produced in the stomach

a. the control of respiratory ventilation

To compensate for metabolic acidosis, the body will: a. excrete more bicarbonate ions b. increase respiration rate c. decrease respiration rate d. excrete more monohydrogen phosphate ions

b. increase respiration rate

A blood pH of 7.1 is said to be: a. neutral b. alkaline c. acidic d. homeostatic

c. acidic

Which of the following would serve to buffer H+? a. any strong acid b. any weak acid c. HCO3 + d. NaH2PO4

c. HCO3 +

As ventilation increases and more carbon dioxide is removed from the blood: a. pCO2 will increase b. hydrogen ion concentration of the blood will decrease c. blood pH will decrease d. hydrogen ion concentration of the blood will decrease

c. blood pH will decrease

The only way the body can get rid of the huge acid load produced by metabolic reactions is to: a. increase the concentration of bicarbonate ions b. breathe faster and more deeply c. excrete hydrogen ions in the urine d. increase the concentration of proteins in the plasma

c. excrete hydrogen ions in the urine

In a patient with severely compromised lung function, which is most likely to stimulate the respiratory center in the medulla? a. low PaCO2 b. high PaCO2 c. low PaCO2 d. high PaO2

c. low PaCO2

If the pH of blood plasma becomes 7.49 due to ingested substances, ALL of the following would happen to compensate EXCEPT: a. respiration rate decreases b. the kidney increases secretion of bicarbonate ions c. tubule cells produce more ammonia from glutamate d. the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood would begin to rise

c. tubule cells produce more ammonia from glutamate

The most important factor that influences K+ secretion is __________.

the concentration of K+ in the ECF

One way the kidneys maintain HCO3- balance is by __________.

the most important renal mechanism for regulating acid-base balance of the blood involves controlling blood bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels. This is achieved by conserving or generating HCO3- and excreting HCO3-.