ACTUAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS - A&P EXAM 2 (taken from test)

What is the general term for the loss of muscle mass? A) Hypertrophy B) Atrophy C) Syncopy D) Organomegaly

B) Atrophy

During which phase of muscle contraction does Ca2+ bind to the troponin/tropomyosin complex? A) Excitation B) Excitation-Contraction Coupling C) Contraction D) Relaxation

B) Excitation-Contraction Coupling

What type of tissue would be found in areas where there is a high amount of friction? A) Simple Epithelium B) Stratified Epithelium C) Psuedostratified Epithelium

B) Stratified Epithelium

Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? A) tendon B) adipose tissue C) reticular tissue D) dense connective tissue

B) adipose tissue

Sebaceous glands ____________. A) are a type of sweat gland B) are associated with hair follicles C) may function in response to touch D) release a watery solution of salt and metabolic waste

B) are associated with hair follicles

Eccrine sweat glands. A) are present on hair B) are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat C) produce sebum D) act as a moisturizer

B) are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat

Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation _____________. A) in the medullary cavity B) beneath the periosteum C) in the epiphyseal plate D) within the metaphysis

B) beneath the periosteum

The skeletal system is made of _________. A) muscles and tendons B) bones and cartilage C) vitreous humor D) minerals and fat

B) bones and cartilage

A fracture can be both ___________. A) open and closed B) open and transverse C) transverse and greenstick D) greenstick and comminuted

B) open and transverse

Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? A) storage of minerals B) protection of internal organs C) facilitation of movement D) fat storage

B) protection of internal organs

Which of the following has the largest role in determining skin color? A) Amount of body hair B) Distribution of Keratinocytes C) Ancestral need for melanocytes D) Thickness of the dermis

C) Ancestral need for melanocytes

What type of connective tissue is termed a liquid connective tissue? A) Adipose B) Cartilage C) Blood D) Ligament

C) Blood

What is stored in the terminal cisternae and necessary for muscle contraction? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Selenium

C) Calcium

Which lay of the skin is the most superficial? A) Hypodermis B) Dermis C) Epidermis D) Ectoplasm

C) Epidermis

What type of fracture is typically only in youth? A) Transverse B) Oblique C) Green stick D) Hextangle

C) Green stick

The joint between adjacent vertebrae that includes an invertebral disc is classified as which type of joint? A) diarthrosis B) multiaxial C) amphiarthrosis D) synarthrosis

C) amphiarthrosis

In general, skin cancers _________ A) are easily treatable and not a major health concern B) occur due to poor hygiene C) can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun D) affect only the epidermis

C) can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun

Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? A) areolar tissue B) adipose tissue C) dense regular connective tissue D) dense irregular connective tissue

C) dense regular connective tissue *this question will not be written exactly this way, it will also ask about the lining formation of Dense Regular Tissue*

Which of the following is not a type of tissue? A) muscle B) nervous C) embryonic D) epithelial

C) embryonic *this answer has been swapped with another option, but the question & the 3 other answer options remain the same*

Long bones enable body movement by acting as a _________. A) counterweight B) resistive force C) lever D) fulcrum

C) lever

A bursa ______________. A) surrounds a tendon at the point where the tendon crosses a joint B) secretes the lubricating fluid for a synovial joint C) prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone D) is the strong band of connective tissue that holds bones together at a synovial joint

C) prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone

Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis? A) protects underlying organs B) helps maintain body temperature C) source of blood vessels in the epidermis D) a site to long-term energy storage

C) source of blood vessels in the epidermis

Synovial joints __________. A) may be functionally classified as a synarthrosis B) are joints where the bones are connected to each other by hyaline cartilage C) may be functionally classified as a amphiarthrosis D) are joints where the bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity

D) are joints where the bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity

In a compound fracture, ____________________ . A) the break occurs at an angle to the bone B) the broken bone does not tear the skin C) one fragment of broken bone is compressed into the other D) broken bone pierces the skin

D) broken bone pierces the skin

In bone, the main cells are ​\text{__________}​. A) fibroblasts B) chondrocytes C) lymphocytes D) osteocytes

D) osteocytes

Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ____________. A) joints B) muscles C) ligaments D) tendons

D) tendons

In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for vitamin D synthesis... (This question starts this way, but information has been added to the question, whichhhhh I can't seem to remember right now) A) vitamin D synthesis B) arteriole constriction C) folate production D) thermoregulation

I chose D) Thermoregulation as my new answer.

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released at the motor end plate? A) Acetylcholine B) Triptophen C) Epinephrine D) Norepinephrine

A) Acetylcholine

Bones grow in length due to activity in the ___________ A) epiphyseal plate B) perichondrium C) periosteum D) medullary cavity

A) epiphyseal plate

Which of the following properties of muscle is the ability for it to return to the same size after being contracted or stretched? A) Elasticity B) Contractility C) Excitability D) Sensitivity

A) Elasticity

What bone cell is considered a bone destroying cell? A) Osteoclast B) Osteoblast C) Osteocyte

A) Osteoclast

Wolff's law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that ​{__________}​ A) a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left. B) a right-handed cyclist will have thicker bones in her right leg compared to her left. C) a broken bone will heal thicker than it was before the fracture. D) a bed-ridden patient will have thicker bones than an athlete.

A) a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left.

Which type of joint provides the greatest range of motion? A) ball-and-socket B) hinge C) condyloid D) plane

A) ball-and-socket

In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? A) columnar B) stratified C) squamous D) transitional

A) columnar

Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as bones. A) irregular B) sesamoid C) flat D) short

A) irregular

Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? A) long bone B) sesamoid bone C) short bone D) flat bone

A) long bone

The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are ​\text{__________}​. A) neurons B) oligodendrocytes C) astrocytes D) microglia

A) neurons

The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ___________. A) periosteum B) epiphysis C) endosteum D) diaphysis

A) periosteum

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ​\text{__________}​. A) skeletal muscle only B) cardiac muscle only C) smooth muscle only D) skeletal and cardiac muscles

A) skeletal muscle only