Biology Lab Quiz #1
Systematic
Classified based on evolutionary relationships
From least to most inclusive, list the following terms; class, kingdom, phyla, genus, order, domain, species. (Do Kings Play Cards Or Games Sometimes)
Domain, Kingdom, Phyla, Class, Order, Genus, Species
Embyros
Embryonic development reveals temporary or permanent structures in related organisms that may not be apparent in adults.
Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Eukaryotic cells have a well defined nucleus , are mostly multicellular and have organelles that are membrane bound and a cytoplasm Prokaryotic cells do not have a well defined nucleus, are mostly unicellular and not surrounded by a membrane.
Cladistics (A way to determine which similarities are important):
Focuses on order of evolution and the order of branching based upon restricted (derived), shared characteristics.
Fossils
Fossil records reveal structures of intermediate forms possessed by extinct organisms from datable rock layers showing connections between organisms.
What is Taxonomy
The scientific field that addresses the classification of living organisms and classifies similar organisms together
Eubacteria
True bacteria; small ancient cells with no nucleus
With an exception to yeast; all fungus are:
UNICELLULAR
IS an amoeba multicellular or unicellular
Unicellular!!!
Define species
a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
Yeast
are the only unicellular fungi
Why are scientific names given?
because there are different names for species in different languages Ex. Dog
Cladistics
focuses on order of evolution and the order of branching based upon restricted (derived), shared characteristics
Which of the three domains has the most ancient (the oldest) fossil representatives?
Archaea
What does a systematist study?
Studies organisms of the past and present; all living forms.
What are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?
Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista
What are the three domains?
Archaea Bacteria Eukarya
What is binomial nomenclature?
- two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet.
Plantae
-All multicellular - photosynthesis- autotrophs-make own food
Animalia
-multicellular -heterotrophic -no cell wall -only cell membrane
Plantae
All multicellular; photosynthesis autotrophs- make their own food
Hierarchy System used by Carolus Linnaeus
King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Eukarya
Larger; more complex cells, each with a nucleus inside a membrane and other membrane bound structures.
Protista
Mostly unicellular only few are multicellular.
Animalia
Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, no cell walls, displays movement. Include sponges, jellyfish, worms, insects, fish, reptiles, mammals, mollusks.
Fungi
Multicellular; yeast are the only unicellular fungi. Includes mushrooms, yeasts, molds, mildews. Energy from decomposing materials
Archaea
Small, tough prokaryotes with no nucleus; many are extremophiles.
Analogous
Structures similar in purpose and form, not from common ancestor but convergent from evolution
What does a taxonomist study?
Origins and relationships between organisms; they also classify them into categories of organisms who share common traits.
Homologous
Structures that share similar characteristics because they actually evolved from a true common ancestor (Ex. Heart, plant cellular structure.)