Biology Lab Quiz #1

Systematic

Classified based on evolutionary relationships

From least to most inclusive, list the following terms; class, kingdom, phyla, genus, order, domain, species. (Do Kings Play Cards Or Games Sometimes)

Domain, Kingdom, Phyla, Class, Order, Genus, Species

Embyros

Embryonic development reveals temporary or permanent structures in related organisms that may not be apparent in adults.

Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic cells have a well defined nucleus , are mostly multicellular and have organelles that are membrane bound and a cytoplasm Prokaryotic cells do not have a well defined nucleus, are mostly unicellular and not surrounded by a membrane.

Cladistics (A way to determine which similarities are important):

Focuses on order of evolution and the order of branching based upon restricted (derived), shared characteristics.

Fossils

Fossil records reveal structures of intermediate forms possessed by extinct organisms from datable rock layers showing connections between organisms.

What is Taxonomy

The scientific field that addresses the classification of living organisms and classifies similar organisms together

Eubacteria

True bacteria; small ancient cells with no nucleus

With an exception to yeast; all fungus are:

UNICELLULAR

IS an amoeba multicellular or unicellular

Unicellular!!!

Define species

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

Yeast

are the only unicellular fungi

Why are scientific names given?

because there are different names for species in different languages Ex. Dog

Cladistics

focuses on order of evolution and the order of branching based upon restricted (derived), shared characteristics

Which of the three domains has the most ancient (the oldest) fossil representatives?

Archaea

What does a systematist study?

Studies organisms of the past and present; all living forms.

What are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?

Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista

What are the three domains?

Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

What is binomial nomenclature?

- two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet.

Plantae

-All multicellular - photosynthesis- autotrophs-make own food

Animalia

-multicellular -heterotrophic -no cell wall -only cell membrane

Plantae

All multicellular; photosynthesis autotrophs- make their own food

Hierarchy System used by Carolus Linnaeus

King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Eukarya

Larger; more complex cells, each with a nucleus inside a membrane and other membrane bound structures.

Protista

Mostly unicellular only few are multicellular.

Animalia

Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, no cell walls, displays movement. Include sponges, jellyfish, worms, insects, fish, reptiles, mammals, mollusks.

Fungi

Multicellular; yeast are the only unicellular fungi. Includes mushrooms, yeasts, molds, mildews. Energy from decomposing materials

Archaea

Small, tough prokaryotes with no nucleus; many are extremophiles.

Analogous

Structures similar in purpose and form, not from common ancestor but convergent from evolution

What does a taxonomist study?

Origins and relationships between organisms; they also classify them into categories of organisms who share common traits.

Homologous

Structures that share similar characteristics because they actually evolved from a true common ancestor (Ex. Heart, plant cellular structure.)