ADM 303 Fundamentals of Management Chapters 9 & 10 Study Quiz

Which of the following factors would be included in Maslow's physiological needs category?

Air * Physiological needs—things such as food, sex, and air represent basic issues of survival and biological function.

Identify the contribution made by an individual to a psychological contract.

Effort * An individual makes a variety of contributions to the organization—effort, skills, ability, time, loyalty, and so forth.

_____ is a spontaneous breakthrough that occurs after the preparation and incubation phases of the creative process.

Insight * Usually occurring after preparation and incubation, insight is a spontaneous breakthrough in which the creative person achieves a new understanding of some problem or situation.

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory?

Organizational behavior modification * Organizational behavior modification (OB Mod) is a technique of motivating employees based on reinforcement theory.

Every alternate day, quality control inspectors at McHeinz Inc. randomly select items from an assembly line for inspection, and compliment the workers for every product that meets their expectations on quality. However, they vary the number of items they inspect each time.This motivates the employees to put in more effort to ensure that all the items are of the required quality. What reinforcement schedule are the quality control inspectors using?

Variable-ratio * Since the number of items that workers get complimented for may vary at a fixed intervals of time between schedules, the number of behaviors needed for each reinforcement varies. The workers are complimented based on a variable-ratio schedule.

Martha Sizemore, a senior analyst at BigWorks Inc., remains calm and poised in spite of being scrutinized for the errors made by her subordinates. Her ways of handling stress portray that Martha has _____.

a personality low in neuroticism * Martha is less neurotic as she is relatively poised, calm, and experiences less anxiety and stress.People who are less neurotic might be expected to better handle job stress, pressure, and tension.

Amelia believes that recreation management, as a specification, can be understood only outside the confines of a classroom. However, she is required to fulfill a certain number of classroom hours to graduate as a recreation specialist. In this scenario, Amelia is likely to experience _____.

cognitive dissonance * Amelia has no choice but to spend time in a classroom contradicting to her beliefs. This conflict she experiences is called cognitive dissonance.

The extent to which other people in the same situation behave in the same way is known as _____.

consensus * Consensus is the extent to which other people in the same situation behave the same way.

Travis observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye. He wonders if the employee lacks respect for him. Later, Travis sees that other employees also fail to look him in the eye. Travis decides that the employees are not disrespectful of him, but rather that he must be intimidating them. Travis makes this attribution based on _____.

consensus * The attributions formed by Travis is based on the extent to which other people behave in the same way, which is called consensus.

According to Maslow's hierarchy, _____ needs include the need that people have for respect and recognition.

esteem * Esteem needs actually comprise two different sets of needs: the need for a positive self-image and self-respect and the need for recognition and respect from others.

Leo showed up late for a meeting. His boss ignored it. She was using _____ as reinforcement.

extinction * Leo's boss is most likely using a reinforcement method called extinction, which is used to weaken undesired behaviors by simply ignoring them.

A manager who provides reinforcement on a periodic basis, regardless of behavior, is using a _____ schedule.

fixed-interval * The fixed-interval schedule provides reinforcement at fixed intervals of time, regardless of behavior.

A manager gives her employees a variable bonus every month based on resulting cost savings every time they exceed their sales quota. This type of incentive pay is known as _____.

gainsharing * Gainsharing programs are designed to share the cost savings from productivity improvements with employees.

When Caryl feels stress, anxiety, fear, or anger, she prays so that her emotions do not interfere with her work. Afterward she is more productive. Identify the emotional intelligence (EQ) dimension illustrated by Caryl's praying.

managing emotions * Caryl's way of balancing stress and work portrays that she is capable of managing her emotions. Managing emotions is the EQ dimension portrayed in this scenario.

An arrangement where an employee works a traditional schedule one week and a compressed schedule the next, getting every other Friday off is called as _____.

nine-eighty schedule * An arrangement where an employee works a traditional schedule one week and a compressed schedule the next, getting every other Friday off is called as nine-eighty schedule.

Rewards tied specifically to _____ have the greatest impact on enhancing motivation.

performance * Rewards that are tied specifically to performance, have the greatest impact on enhancing both motivation and actual performance.

The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by an organization is called as _____.

person-job fit * The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by an organization is called as person-job fit.

Anne, a software programmer at Mont Inc., tries to rectify a programming module that stressed her out with unfamiliar issues. According to the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), Anne is in the _____ stage.

resistance * The resistance stage represents an individual trying to confront and control a stressful circumstance such as Anne trying to resolve the issues with her module.

Tyler is the marketing manager at MarketAds Inc., and Emily is an account manager reporting to him. Tyler instructs Emily to improve public opinion. The goal that Emily was given lacks goal _____.

specificity * Improve the public opinion is not very specific. The goal requires more specific details such as how and when it is to be accomplished.

Eleanor, a scientist at Medivac Inc., develops a prototype for a new vaccine to determine whether the vaccine works as designed. Eleanor is in the _____ stage of the creative process.

verification * Eleanore is in the verification stage of the creative process. Verification includes the development of a product or service prototype to see if the ideas behind a new product actually work.