ADOL Ch 8
What race has the highest self-esteem
Blacks especially when they are the majority
Sex differences in self-esteem
Girls are more vulnerable to disturbances in their self-image Girls self-esteem is lower than boys their self-conscientiousness is higher and their self image is shakier These differences are more common in white girls
Factors that influence self-esteem
High achievement increases self esteem teens with a low self-esteem get an increase when they join a delinquent peer group
3 types of possible selves
Ideal Actual False
When is false-self behavior most likely to happen?
In the dating years
Three phenomena of MMRI
Racial Centrality Private Regard Public Regard
What is MMRI?
a perspective on ethnic identity that emphasizes three different phenomena
According to research cited in the textbook, which of the following is TRUE regarding adolescents and self-esteem?
academic success leads to improvements in self-esteem.
Identity VS Identity Diffusion
according to Erikson, the normative crisis characteristic of the fifth stage of psychosocial development, predominant during adolescence
Multiethnic Youth
adolescents whose parents are not from the same ethnic or racial group
self-concept
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
false-self behavior
behavior that intentionally presents a false impression to others
What does extreme masculinity cause
delinquency
According to the text, a strong sense of ethnic identity among Black adolescents:
enhances (helps) their self-esteem.
Achievement identity status
exploration and commitment identity
Foreclosure Identity Status
high commitment, low exploration
racial centrality
how important race is in defining your identity
private regard
how you feel about being a member of your race
Public regard
how you think others view your race
Marcia's 4 statuses of identity
identity diffusion, incomplete sense of self and not exploring and not decided identity foreclosure, decided without exploring identity moratorium, exploring but have nor reached a comitment identity achievement, explored, researched and decided
Negative Identity status
identity that stands in opposition to what is valued by people around the adolescent
According to the chapter in the textbook, most researchers today believe that adolescents evaluate themselves:
in constant comparison to their peers and their ideal self and globally
Monoracial
individuals who are, or who are perceived to be, of just one racial heritage
Self-conceptions become __________________ during adolescence (compared to childhood).
more differentiated
MMRI
multidimensional model of racial identity
Identities that are undesirable to parents and community members are referred to by Erikson as:
negative identities
Self-esteem
one's feelings of high or low self-worth
psychosocial moratorium identity status
process of trying on new identities without playing "for keeps"
What is Identity vs identity diffusion
reflect on their place in society, on the ways that others view them, and on their options for the future We help find our identity by telling stories and communicating with others
How positively or negatively people feel about themselves defines:
self-esteem
What causes immigrant paradox?
the children who come to US are very grateful for all of their parents hard work to get them there so they work hard to say thank you.
Amy, a 16-year-old girl, is shy around boys though she would really like to be more outgoing. This reflects:
the discrepancy between her ideal and actual selves.
Achievement Foreclosure Psycho-social Moratorium Diffusion Negative Identity
the five (Erik Erikson)
gender intensification hypothesis
the idea that pressures to behave in sex-appropriate ways intensify during adolescence (Especially for girls)
Diffusion Identity Status
the individual is overwhelmed by the task of achieving an identity and does little to accomplish the task
ethnic socialization
the process through which individuals develop an understanding of their ethnic or racial background, also referred to as racial socialization
Effects of discrimination
those who speak with an accent get stereotyped at perpetual foreigners those who are insulted, excluded, or teased have more psychological problems conduct problems, depression, and lower achievement discrimination by teachers leads to poorer school performance discrimination by peer results in mental health discrimination in schools leads to the feeling of less control over academic achievement
3 way to do ethnic socialization
understand the values of ones culture learn to deal with racism succeed in mainstream society
According to the textbook, which of the following might make individuals especially vulnerable to the effects of stress?
volatile self-image
Which adolescent is most vulnerable to disturbances in self-image?
13 year old female
At what age does elf-esteem stabilize
14 years old
immagrant paradox
1st generation and foreign born youth who move to US perform better and have fewer problems than those of that same race who were born here.
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity diffusion state?
Alexandra, who has not made firm commitments and is not currently trying to make them
What race has the lowest self-esteem
Asian-Americans