ADOL Ch 8

What race has the highest self-esteem

Blacks especially when they are the majority

Sex differences in self-esteem

Girls are more vulnerable to disturbances in their self-image Girls self-esteem is lower than boys their self-conscientiousness is higher and their self image is shakier These differences are more common in white girls

Factors that influence self-esteem

High achievement increases self esteem teens with a low self-esteem get an increase when they join a delinquent peer group

3 types of possible selves

Ideal Actual False

When is false-self behavior most likely to happen?

In the dating years

Three phenomena of MMRI

Racial Centrality Private Regard Public Regard

What is MMRI?

a perspective on ethnic identity that emphasizes three different phenomena

According to research cited in the textbook, which of the following is TRUE regarding adolescents and self-esteem?

academic success leads to improvements in self-esteem.

Identity VS Identity Diffusion

according to Erikson, the normative crisis characteristic of the fifth stage of psychosocial development, predominant during adolescence

Multiethnic Youth

adolescents whose parents are not from the same ethnic or racial group

self-concept

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"

false-self behavior

behavior that intentionally presents a false impression to others

What does extreme masculinity cause

delinquency

According to the text, a strong sense of ethnic identity among Black adolescents:

enhances (helps) their self-esteem.

Achievement identity status

exploration and commitment identity

Foreclosure Identity Status

high commitment, low exploration

racial centrality

how important race is in defining your identity

private regard

how you feel about being a member of your race

Public regard

how you think others view your race

Marcia's 4 statuses of identity

identity diffusion, incomplete sense of self and not exploring and not decided identity foreclosure, decided without exploring identity moratorium, exploring but have nor reached a comitment identity achievement, explored, researched and decided

Negative Identity status

identity that stands in opposition to what is valued by people around the adolescent

According to the chapter in the textbook, most researchers today believe that adolescents evaluate themselves:

in constant comparison to their peers and their ideal self and globally

Monoracial

individuals who are, or who are perceived to be, of just one racial heritage

Self-conceptions become __________________ during adolescence (compared to childhood).

more differentiated

MMRI

multidimensional model of racial identity

Identities that are undesirable to parents and community members are referred to by Erikson as:

negative identities

Self-esteem

one's feelings of high or low self-worth

psychosocial moratorium identity status

process of trying on new identities without playing "for keeps"

What is Identity vs identity diffusion

reflect on their place in society, on the ways that others view them, and on their options for the future We help find our identity by telling stories and communicating with others

How positively or negatively people feel about themselves defines:

self-esteem

What causes immigrant paradox?

the children who come to US are very grateful for all of their parents hard work to get them there so they work hard to say thank you.

Amy, a 16-year-old girl, is shy around boys though she would really like to be more outgoing. This reflects:

the discrepancy between her ideal and actual selves.

Achievement Foreclosure Psycho-social Moratorium Diffusion Negative Identity

the five (Erik Erikson)

gender intensification hypothesis

the idea that pressures to behave in sex-appropriate ways intensify during adolescence (Especially for girls)

Diffusion Identity Status

the individual is overwhelmed by the task of achieving an identity and does little to accomplish the task

ethnic socialization

the process through which individuals develop an understanding of their ethnic or racial background, also referred to as racial socialization

Effects of discrimination

those who speak with an accent get stereotyped at perpetual foreigners those who are insulted, excluded, or teased have more psychological problems conduct problems, depression, and lower achievement discrimination by teachers leads to poorer school performance discrimination by peer results in mental health discrimination in schools leads to the feeling of less control over academic achievement

3 way to do ethnic socialization

understand the values of ones culture learn to deal with racism succeed in mainstream society

According to the textbook, which of the following might make individuals especially vulnerable to the effects of stress?

volatile self-image

Which adolescent is most vulnerable to disturbances in self-image?

13 year old female

At what age does elf-esteem stabilize

14 years old

immagrant paradox

1st generation and foreign born youth who move to US perform better and have fewer problems than those of that same race who were born here.

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity diffusion state?

Alexandra, who has not made firm commitments and is not currently trying to make them

What race has the lowest self-esteem

Asian-Americans