Adolescent Devel final
All of the following are individual risk factors for school violence, EXCEPT
Individual: - medical/physical condition - difficult temperament - impulsivity/hyperactivity - psychiatric conditions - history of aggression - substance abuse - attitudes/beliefs - narcissism
Which adolescent would be expected to have the greatest difficulty establishing a sense of identity?
Jerome, who has many alternatives available to him in many different arenas
Reports of psychological symptoms (i.e. depression, anxiety, etc.,) jump sharply for adolescents working more than __ hours a week
10
By 1925 the majority of American adolescents left school by the age of _ to become full-time workers
15
Between what ages do adolescents transition to adulthood?
18-21
The biological changes that take place during puberty can cause changes in adolescents' behavior in all of the following ways, except:
A) directly B) by affecting the adolescent's self-image C) by affecting the reactions of others to the adolescent D) All of these are ways in which biological changes occurring in puberty can cause changes in adolescents' behavior. (D)
According to the textbook, because _____ girls do not feel as _____ about their appearances as girls of other racial backgrounds, these individuals typically have _____ overall self-esteem.
African American, poorly, higher
"I don't really think of myself as Asian American, just as American." This is an example of what kind of ethnic identity orientation?
Assimilated
American girls are showing breast budding as early as 3 years old.
False
Which one of the following is a family risk factor for school violence
Family: - poor monitoring - exposure to violence - child abuse/neglect - parental substance abuse - ineffective parenting - marital conflict - poor attachment - antisocial parents
Students who have unusually high abilities in academics, art, or music are called
Gifted students
Which of the following statements about the timing and tempo of sexual maturation is true?
- genetic factors - environmental factors: physical activity (increaed body fat- earlier menarche, later in those who are thin/exercise too much), Nutrition (poor nutrition = later period, appalachia - poverty), Rearing environments (absent father, lot of stress slows down maturation)
'Generation Me' is the first generation raised to believe everyone should have high self-esteem
True
A person can achieve identity in one domain but still be searching in another domain.
True
African Americans typically have higher self-esteem.
True
Among American adolescents, one sign of being an adult is accepting responsibility for oneself
True
As many as 92% of young gay people have been verbally targeted, bullied, or abused.
True
At the end of the movie Arranged, both young women experience a resolution in terms of the identity development.
True
Ethnic identity is associated with positive outcomes in ethnic minority adolescents.
True
Gender has a substantial influence on job choice
True
In the documentary, "Inside the Teenage Brain," it seems that adolescent risk taking is quite normal
True
In the documentary, "Inside the Teenage Brain," researchers compared the adolescent brain to a tree and the growth of new branches
True
Friendships replace relationships with parents
True?
The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique is called
a personal fable
Bruce, a 2nd-year college student, has switched majors three times. He is still undecided about what he wants to do with his life. Bruce is in:
a state of psychosocial moratorium.
Authoritative parenting promotes intellectual development and psychosocial maturity through all of the following, except
asserting parental authority by turning adolescents' personal decisions into moral issues
Tammy's father has absolute standards and expects Tammy to conform to them without exception. If she disobeys he generally punishes her, and sees no reason why he should explain his rules to Tammy. Instead, his response is, "I'm the father and I love you. I know what's best for you." Her father is best described as having what kind of parenting style?
authoritarian
Joshua's parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and, even if they don't agree to change the rule, they at least listen to his opinions. Joshua's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles?
authoritative
What provides the main social context in which adolescents interact with eachother?
clique
_____ are settings for intimate interactions and friendships, whereas _____ are based on reputation, rather than on actual social interaction
cliques
High demandingness is characterized by
compliance, authority of parents, high responsiveness
which of the following terms applies more to adolescent thought than to childhood ...
d. flexible, speculative, abstract
Which of the following is not thought to contribute to the onset of puberty?
development of primary sex characteristics
Parenting style in which parents are low in both demanding-ness and responsiveness and relatively uninvolved in their children's development
disengaged parents
Jamie discovered sex at an early age and smoked pot by 13 years old. Jamie likes going to parties and having sex most weekends and finds it hard to concentrate on homework. According to research, Jamie most closely fits the profile of a(n)
early-maturing male
Adolescents are more likely to talk to their parents about __ and __
education, future occupation
What are female friendships based on?
emotional sharing (face to face)
The _________ system produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body
endocrine
Which of the following can delay the onset of puberty?
excessive thinness
DURING industrialization, adolescents worked in
factories
A benefit of racial socialization is that it leads to a stronger sense of ethnic identity.
false
Adolescents achieve or find their ethnic identity through exploration and commitment/resolution in the context of assimilation.
false
Adolescents that have one white parent and one parent of a minority group typically chose to identify with the white parent.
false
All school shooters were competitive shooters
false
Girls are twice as likely to have a learning disability compared to their male counterparts
false
In the movie Arranged Rochel experiences resolution with her identity while Nasira struggles.
false
Male relationships are more intimate than female relationships
false
School shooters are not the victims of bullying
false
Unemployed is defined as a person who is in school but has no job
false
Multiracial wasn't added to the census until 2010
false (2000)
African American and Asian American children fare better with authoritarian parents?
false (asian & latino)
Nationality is the common heritage (practices, values, and beliefs) that are passed on from generation to generation
false (that is ethnicity)
Some acts of school violence are serious while others are more minor
false- all are serious
Before industrialization, adolescent boys worked
farming/hunting
"My parents are Baptist, and thus I'm a Baptist; it's just the way I grew up" is an example of what identity status, according to Marcia?
foreclosure
Sixteen-year-old Mercedes believes that the death penalty is wrong because her parents, friends, and church say so. She has never really thought about the issue, but has accepted this view as her own. What is her identity status?
foreclosure
Mrs. Nichol is trying to explain to her son that everyone has bad hair days and it's not the end of the world. Little Jack refuses to leave the house because he knows the humiliation he will endure will go on for months. This shows an example of
imaginary audience
Teenagers often become self-conscious because they believe that people are talking about them. Which characteristic are they exhibiting?
imaginery audience
Engagement is the quality of being psychologically committed to __
learning
The connections or relationships (connections between schools and families) between settings is the
mesosystem
The ability to think about one's own thoughts is called
metacognition
Mixed-sex cliques start becoming more prevalent during
middle adolescence
When someone has constantly searched for ideas that they could consider their own, but haven't committed to yet, which status are they in?
moratorium
Aside from athletics, which types of extracurricular activities are second most popular among adolescents
music
The imaginary audience phenomenon is based on the lack of distinction between adolescents' thoughts about themselves and
other's thoughts about them
The patterns of practices that parents exhibit in relation to their children are
parenting styles
According to Sullivan, the need for intimacy develops during:
preadolescence
The goal of determining the exact increase in adolescent risk-taking caused by being raised in neighborhoods with high percentages of single-parent families and becoming a gang-member is most likely to be pursued by a
quantitative researcher
______________refers to physical characteristics such as skin tone and hair color.
race
What is ethnic identity?
refers to an individual's sense of belonging to an ethnic group; includes the degree to which children associate their thinking and beliefs to their ethnic group.
Overall, the greatest number of working high school students are employed in
retail & service
Adolescents feel more freedom when with friends than with family because
romantic relationships; acting crazy and goofy
What are male friendships based on?
shared activities (side by side)
Early maturing girls may be at greater risk for adjustment problems than other groups because they
short term: - more popular with males - more emotional problems & negative body image - more involved in delinquent behaviors, risk-taking, earlier sexual experiences, and drug use longer term: - better coping skills - negative attitude toward school/lower aspirations - higher rates of depression and eating disorders
With age, adolescents develop a more sophisticated theory of mind, which is the ability to:
the ability to attribute mental states to one's self and others, including beliefs, thoughts, and feelings
The growth of _____ during adolescence is directly related to an improved ability to think abstractly
the prefrontal cortex
Adolescents report using social media a lot for the all of the following reasons except
they use it to: - interact with people from different backgrounds and experiences - find different points of view - show their support for causes/issues - find trustworthy information
A red flag for a school shooting is persistent themes of violence in school work
true
Focus groups are an example of quantitative research
true
Girls like Instagram because it is visual and represents face-to-face friendships
true
In the movie Arranged, Rochel goes through a period of exploration.
true
International Labor Organization seeks to prevent children and adolescents from being exploited in the work place
true
Kids who participate in extra-curricular activities are more likely to have better grades and less likely to drop out
true
Male friendships prefer shared activities sort of sharing
true
Many school shooters participated in band, but researchers are not sure what to make of that
true
Parents are a "Secure base"
true
Peer pressure can be positive
true
School shooters often have an obsession with media violence
true
School shooters often to not participate in activities like varsity athletics and hunting because they require discipline.
true
There are physical effects of technology use that include lowered cardiovascular health and sleep disturbances.
true
Working during adolescence, on top of school, is a common part of the adolescent culture in the US
true
Your ethnicity, nationality, and race might be aspects of your identity.
true
Early-maturing boys are:
•Short term effects Positive self image More popular with peers More involved in delinquent behaviors, risk-taking, and drug use •Longer term effects More responsible , self-controlled, sociable More conforming, conventional and humorless More marital and career success Heavy drinking and higher alcohol use