adolescent psych chapter 7

Which of the following people is MOST likely to be targeted for recruitment by a cult? A. Maxim, who lives at the poverty line even though he works at three jobs B. Nikita, who is mentally ill and lives in a group home C. Evan, who has a good job and is quite intelligent D. Shelby, who has just moved back home with her parents to save money for a house

C

Which of the following statements regarding Kohlberg's theory of moral development and culture is TRUE? A. Stages 5 and 6 have been found in all cultures. B. Kohlberg's scoring system is appropriate for all cultures. C. Moral reasoning is more culture-specific than Kohlberg envisioned. D. People around the world shift from Stage 3 to Stage 4 at approximately the same time.

C

Which of the following statements regarding moral behavior is NOT true? A. Moral behavior is situation-dependent. B. Adolescents are more likely to cheat when their friends pressure them to do so. C. Adolescents are likely to display consistent moral behavior in diverse social settings. D. Adolescents are more likely to cheat when the chance of being caught is slim.

C

Contemporary moral development theorists emphasize that A. both positive feelings and negative feelings contribute to moral development in adolescence. B. both positive and negative emotions provide the foundation for the acquisition of moral values. C. moral emotions are not enough to build adolescents' moral awareness. D. all of these

D

Criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development have included all of the following, EXCEPT that Kohlberg A. placed too much emphasis on moral thought. B. may not have done high-quality research. C. may have underestimated the care perspective. D. placed too much emphasis on moral behavior.

D

Justin's school has rules about behaviors, and teachers clearly transmit the attitude that students should be respectful and considerate of others. According to John Dewey, the rules and moral atmosphere of Justin's school make up its A. values curriculum. B. belief system. C. overt curriculum. D. hidden curriculum

D

Mackenzie, a 20-year-old college student, attends church weekly and makes prayer a part of her daily activities. According to research, Mackenzie is likely to have A. fewer sexual encounters than her less religious counterparts. B. a fear of contracting HIV from unprotected sexual intercourse. C. a fear of an unplanned pregnancy from unprotected sexual intercourse. D. all of these

D

Marcy believes that self-regulation, rather than abstract reasoning, is the key to positive moral development. Which of the following theorists shared Marcy's view? A. George Kelly B. Abraham Maslow C. B. F.Skinner D. Albert Bandura

D

Margaret's parents refuse to talk to her if she displeases them in any way. They tell her younger brother that Margaret is a big disappointment to them if she gets any grade below a B. Margaret's parents are using which of the following discipline techniques? A. power assertion B. induction C.deduction D. love withdrawal

D

Moral behavior includes moral A. thought. B. feelings C. behavior. D. all of these.

D

Researchers consider the core of all three types of moral exemplars to include the traits of honesty and A.agreeableness. B.conscientiousness. C. emotional stability D. dependability.

D

Researchers consider the core of all three types of moral exemplars to include the traits of honesty and A.agreeableness. B.conscientiousness. C. emotional stability. D. dependability

D

The type of moral reasoning that focuses on social consensus is A. empathy reasoning. B. behavioral reasoning. C. prosocial reasoning. D. social conventional reasoning.

D

Which of the following factors has been found to influence movement through Kohlberg's stages of moral development? A. cognitive conflict B. modeling C. peer relationships D. all of these

D

Which of the following has been used to explain how adolescents learn moral behavior and why behavior differs from one person to another? A.reinforcement B.punishment C.modeling D. all of these

D

Which of the following is NOT one of Erikson's three stages of moral development? A. specific moral learning in childhood B. ideological concerns in adolescence C. ethical consolidation in adulthood D. identity development in emerging adulthoo

D

Which of the following is a recent trend in religion among adolescents and emerging adults? A. There is a downward trend in religious interest among college students. B. Religious issues are important to many adolescents and emerging adults. C. More than twice as many first-year students as in 1978 reported no religious preference. D. All of these are recent trends

D

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the psychoanalytic account of moral development? A. Inwardly directed hostility is experienced as depression. B. Children are openly hostile to their parents until age 4 or 5. C. Adolescents avoid committing transgressions for fear of punishment. D. Children and adolescents conform to societal standards to avoid guilt.

D

Which of the following statements regarding Kohlberg's theory of moral development is NOT true? A. Most adolescents reason at Stage 3. B. Stage 5 never characterizes more than 10 percent of the individuals. C. Stage 6 has recently been removed from the Kohlberg moral judgment scoring manual. D. Most people in their mid-thirties reason at Stage 3

D

Which of the following statements regarding prosocial behavior is NOT true? A. Adolescents engage in more prosocial behavior than do children. B. Adolescent females regard themselves as more prosocial than adolescent males. C. The biggest gender difference in prosocial behavior is in kindness and considerate behavior. D. Prosocial behavior occurs more in childhood than in adolescence.

D

Alex, age 12, always helps his elderly grandmother by carrying her plate to the table and making sure that she always has her cane ready before she gets up. Alex says he feels sad that his Nana is getting weaker and not able to do as much for herself. Alex is showing A.sympathy. B.empathy. C. pity. D. neurotic anxiety.

B

Chelsea's father takes away her cell phone and her iPod whenever she does something that he views as "disrespectful." Chelsea's father is using ____ discipline technique. A.authoritative B. power assertion C. love withdrawal D. induction

B

In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on the role of ______ in moral development. A. values clarification programs B. parenting C.teachers D. peers

B

Katie's parents know that their daughter will inevitably be confronted by peers who want to offer her alcohol or drugs. They spend time talking with her about how to resist these harmful situations, and they even role-play with her to increase her skills. Katie's parents are engaging in which type of parenting strategy? A.cocooning B. pre-arming C.pampering D. protecting

B

Kendra's class on moral education consists of small-group discussions on a number of moral issues. Kendra's school has adopted a _____ approach to moral education. A. values clarification B. cognitive moral education C. moral character D. character education

B

The key concept in understanding Kohlberg's theory of moral development is A. externalization. B. internalization C. individualism D. collectivism

B

The potential for abuse is highest in cults that A. require members to beg on the streets for money to feed and house members. B. are physically and socially isolated from the outside community. C. have an engaging, friendly leader. D. require members to give 10 percent of their income to the cult.

B

What differences exist between Kohlberg's and Gilligan's theories of moral development? A. Gilligan postulated an ethic of justice; Kohlberg postulated an ethic of care. B. Kohlberg postulated an ethic of justice; Gilligan postulated an ethic of care. C. Gilligan postulated an ethic of equity; Kohlberg postulated an ethic of care. D. Gilligan postulated an ethic of individualism; Kohlberg postulated an ethic of collectivism

B

Which of the following statements about cults is NOT true? A. People involved in cults are usually focused on the goals of the cult's leader. B. People involved in cults are attempting to better the lives of members as well as nonmembers. C. Cults sometimes use deception to get people to join them. D. Cults attempt to replace a recruit's identity with a new identity

B

Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in moral development between males and females is TRUE? A. Males generate more interpersonal conflict than females. B. There is no evidence to support Gilligan's claim that Kohlberg downplayed female moral thinking C. Young teen girls use more justice-based reasoning about dating dilemmas than do boys. D. Females rated prosocial dilemmas as less significant than did males

B

Which theory of moral development emphasizes a distinction between adolescent moral competence and moral performance? A. self-efficacy theory B. social cognitive theory C. social competence theory D. none of these

B

According to Freud, when the moral standards of the _____ are violated, the individual feels _____. A.id;anger B. ego; shame C. conscience; guilt D. ego ideal; doubt

C

An integrative approach to moral education encompasses the _____ and ______. A. reflective moral thinking of Kohlberg; values clarification approach B. cognitive moral education approach; service learning C. reflective moral thinking of Kohlberg; character education D. care perspective of Gilligan; values clarification

C

Candace holds herself accountable for the consequences of her actions. She has a sense of responsibility for all that she does, good or bad. Candace has the virtue of A. willpower. B.honesty. C. integrity. D. moral desire.

C

Currently 40 out of 50 states provide mandates to schools requiring them to provide some sort of A. values-clarification. B. service learning. C. character education. D. cognitive moral education.

C

The goal of the integrative ethical education program is to A. help students to define and clarify their moral values. B. have students practice their ethical skills in the community. C. turn moral novices into moral exemplars. D. have students identify clear moral and immoral behaviors.

C

The highest level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is A. conventional reasoning. B. utilitarian reasoning. C. postconventional reasoning. D. universal reasoning

C

Which of the following is NOT one of the three aspects of the moral personality? A. moral identity B. moral character C. moral integrity D. moral exemplar

C

Austin volunteers to help senior citizens learn basic computer skills. If Austin is like many students who participate in service learning, Austin will A. have high grades in school. B. have excellent computer skills. C. have elderly grandparents who inspire him to give back to the community. D. probably not volunteer when he gets older

A

Denise helps organize a five-mile walk to raise money for a good cause, the Brain Injury Association. Denise's work is an act of A.altruism. B.egocentrism. C. proactive behavior. D. empathy.

A

Lance's parents encourage family discussions about value-laden issues such as the death penalty, abortion, and amnesty for illegal immigrants. As a result, Lance is likely to think at A. more advanced levels of moral reasoning than other people his age. B. the same level as his parents. C. Stages 5 or 6 of Kohlberg's stages. D. none of these.

A

Lucia argues that community members need to obey laws in order for the community to work effectively. According to Kohlberg, Lucia is in which stage of moral development? A. social systems morality B. social contract morality C. post conventional reasoning D. universal reasoning

A

Moral character presupposes that the person has A. set moral goals and is committed to act in accord with these goals. B. formally learned the morals of society. C. had moral guides or mentors. D. all of these.

A

Our beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be are our A. values. B. ethics C. morals. . D. stereotypes

A

People who have lived exemplary lives are known as: A. moral exemplars. B. moral characters. C. moral elitists. D. moral dignitaries.

A

Recently there has been an interest in the fourth dimension of moral development, which is A. moral personality. B. moral emotions. C. moral values D. moral beliefs.

A

Research has found that moral children have parents who do all EXCEPT A. foster an external sense of morality. B. involve children in family decision-making C. model moral behaviors. . D. use inductive discipline

A

The two stages of Kohlberg's preconventional reasoning level are individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange, and A. punishment and obedience orientation. B. social systems morality. C. social contract morality. D. none of these

A

Which of the following statements regarding the use of the induction technique of discipline is TRUE? A. Induction works better with older children and adolescents than with preschool children. B. Induction focuses on the adolescent's shortcomings. C. Induction works just as well as love withdrawal for adolescents. D. Induction works better on children from low SES families than with children from middle SES families

A