African American History: Chapter 12 Test
Most former slaves became Methodists or __________.
Baptists
Why did many black people meet in conventions in 1865 and 1866 across the South?
They convened to protest the black codes.
Andrew Johnson was __________.
a self-made man
The delegates to the Syracuse Convention looked forward to __________.
participating in American politics
In the aftermath of the Civil War, which of the following was the primary target of the wave of violence unleashed by white southerners?
African Americans
With which of the following would Andrew Johnson have agreed?
Black people were vastly inferior to white people.
Which of the following best characterizes General Oliver Howard, the head of the Freedmen's Bureau?
He was sincerely interested in helping former slaves.
What was done to help quell the violence that broke out in the South in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War?
Little effort was made to stop the violence.
By the __________, sharecropping was the dominant agricultural system in the South.
1870s
_______ were often apprehensive about emancipation.
Elderly slaves
What did the Fourteenth Amendment accomplish?
It made all people born in the United States citizens.
Jourdon Anderson's letter to his former master demonstrated which of the following?
Masters and slaves often had very different ideas about their relationship.
Which of the following best characterizes the response of southern white people to the efforts of former slaves to acquire an education?
Most considered such efforts to be pointless.
Many of the prosperous free people of color in __________ were Catholics.
New Orleans
__________ worked with the Freedmen's Bureau to organize schools in the South.
Northern religious organizations
Which of the following made the implementation of Radical Reconstruction possible?
Republican victories in the 1866 congressional election
Which of the following was an unintended consequence of Andrew Johnson's vetoes of Senator Lyman Trumbull's bills?
The Republican Party was strengthened.
How is the Port Royal experiment in land distribution an example of the failures of Reconstruction?
The land soon reverted to private white ownership.
How did black women participate in the political arena in 1867?
They participated in meetings and organizing rallies.
Under sharecropping, what did laborers receive in exchange for their work?
a portion of the crop
Who attended the 1864 Syracuse Convention?
black leaders
Once in office, Andrew Johnson __________.
blocked efforts to distribute land to freedmen
The former slaves who worked the land set aside by Special Field Order #15 ________.
broke with the agricultural patterns that had prevailed under slavery
The overall purpose of the black codes was to __________.
create a racial hierarchy as close to slavery as possible
The 1865 southern constitutional conventions __________.
denied black people political and civil rights
Charlotte E. Ray was the first African-American woman to __________.
earn a law degree
Former slaves understood that __________ was inseparable from freedom.
education
In the decades following the Civil War, the __________ became the most important African-American institutions.
family and the church
The end of slavery revealed that most ex-slaves __________.
felt little loyalty to their former masters
In 1867, black men in Charleston, South Carolina, staged a "sit-in" to __________.
gain the right to sit at a lunch counter
Soon after the war, Andrew Johnson __________.
granted amnesty and pardons to most Confederates
When Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency, he gave the impression that __________.
he was going to be tough on white southerners
Pre-Civil War slave codes demonstrated that white people __________.
knew that slaves were capable of learning
Which of the following was often associated with southern African Americans who had been free before the Civil War?
light skin
The vast majority of white southerners __________.
opposed Radical Reconstruction
The overall tone of the Syracuse Convention was __________.
optimistic
After the Civil War, most former slaves __________.
organized their own churches
The Radical Republicans __________.
saw white southerners as disloyal to the Union
Radical Republicans focused on __________.
securing voting rights for black men
As soon as slavery ended, many ex-slaves __________.
set out to find family members who had been sold
Lydia Maria Child's was meant to __________.
teach freedmen about famous African Americans
General Howard's Circular 13 was issued in response to ________.
the freedmen's desire for land
Former slaves soon discovered that the acquisition of land depended on __________.
the intervention of the federal government.
The many advertisements for missing persons in black newspapers following the Civil War was a testimony to __________.
the strength of familial ties among ex-slaves
Under the terms of Special Field Order #15, each black family received 40 acres of land and __________.
the use of an army mule
Which of the following did many northern teachers find difficult about the freedmen they taught?
their unwillingness to embrace middle-class values
Most of the land set aside by the Southern Homestead Act was eventually acquired by __________.
timber companies
What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
to help newly freed slaves transition to freedom
The primary purpose of most of the black colleges of the 1860s and 1870s was to __________.
train students to become teachers
The Freedmen's Bureau was __________.
understaffed and underfunded