African American History Chapter 2

In what century did the Atlantic slave trade reach similar proportions to the Muslim trans-Sahara slave trade?

1600s

The time period of "seasoning" a slave in the Americas lasted no more than how many years?

2 years

How did African women's experience differ from African men's experiences on slave ships?

African women experienced sexual violence from the crew

Examine the nineteenth-century engraving on page 33 of the textbook. What clues emerge that reveal the interior stage of the Atlantic slave trade?

Africans are shown chained together marching through grasslands.

Examine Figure 2-1 and compare the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in the number of West African slaves shipped to the Americas. Which of the following statements is true?

Approximately 37,000 African slaves were imported to the Americas in the 1700.

What is the connection between piracy and the Atlantic slave trade?

As the Atlantic slave trade increased, piracy increased in the Caribbean.

French slave traders rested their slave passengers on which of the following Caribbean islands?

Barbados

What does the story of John Newton, a British slave-ship captain, indicate about the Atlantic slave trade?

Christians could be cruel, harsh slavers.

Which of the following is an example of the accomplishments of Christopher Columbus in the late 1400s?

Columbus made navigation mistakes that led to his accidental landfall in the Americas

How were the lives of Creole slaves different from other slaves?

Creoles were generally more familiar with European languages

Examine the eighteenth-century print of Luanda that appears in Chapter 2. What aspects of the Atlantic slave trade surface in the image?

European armies fight in the distance over the slave trade.

By 1510 most of the slaves in the Americas were men and boys who served as agricultural laborers, rather than soldiers or domestic servants, in part because

Europeans believed men and boys were stronger laborers than women and girls

Examine the late-sixteenth/early-seventeenth century Benin bronze relief sculpture shown in Chapter 2.2 What aspects of the image indicate that the individuals are Europeans?

Europeans clothing styles are depicted in the image.

What steps did the Europeans take to reduce the risk of rebellion at the slave factories in Africa?

Families and ethnic groups were separated

Which of the following was true of African health care aboard slave ships?

Generally, ship doctors used a primitive form of inoculation to prevent the worst diseases.

Which nation ended Spanish and Portuguese domination of the slave trade in the early seventeenth century?

Holland

According to Map 2-2, most African slaves in the Caribbean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries lived on which of the following islands?

Jamaica and Hispaniola

Which of the following is true about the use of medical remedies by doctor abroad slave ships?

Many collected African herbs and foods along the Guinea Coast to help treat illnesses at sea.

How was work divided among slaves during the seasoning process in the West Indies?

Masters generally divided the slaves into several gangs.

Why did Europeans need labor from Africa for their colonies in the Americas?

Native Americans quickly began to die in huge numbers from European diseases.

Which European country took the lead in the exploration and colonization of Africa, Asia, and the Americas in the early 1400s?

Portugal

Who was the first known Portuguese merchant to begin to formally trade for slaves with the Africans?

Ruy do Siqueira

What was a common characteristic of a typical slave ship?

Slave captains packed their ships as tightly as possible to maximize profit

What was typical of the slave-selling process in the West Indies?

Slavers allowed the slaves some time to rest and recuperate before sale

Which of the following groups conducted the Islamic slave trade?

Sudanese horsemen

Which of following was the most important reason that the British abolished the Atlantic slave trade in 1807?

The British economy was less dependent on agriculture by the late 1700s.

Which of the following statements best best describes the slave ship Brookes?

The Brookes weighed 300 tons.

Which statement about the nature of the Islamic slave trade prior to European entry is true?

The Islamic slave trade was not based primarily on race.

How did "the scramble" operate aboard slave ships?

The captain set standard prices and then allowed the buyers to grab their slaves

Examine Figure 2-1 and compare the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in the number of West African slaves shipped to the Americas. Which of the following statements is true?

The highest number of slaves was shipped from the Gulf of Guinea.

Why did the African kingdom of Guinea and Western Central Africa fight fiercely to continue participation in the slave trade?

The kingdoms were economically dependent on the slave trade.

What does the story of Olaudah Equiano, a former slave, reveal about the Atlantic slave trade?

The middle passage was an incredibly difficult experience for Africans.

According to the Voices excerpt titled "The Journal of a Dutch Slaver," what were the major challenges experienced by the Dutch slaver?

The ship's surgeon died of dysentery.

How did a planter decide if a slave had been "seasoned"?

The slave seemed psychologically stable and not suicidal

Take a closer look at the plan of the British slave ship Brookes shown in Chapter 2. Which of the following statements best demonstrates the use of control by the ship's crew as revealed in the image of the Brookes?

The slave ships appears tightly packed with Africans

Which of the following is true about the path a slave---once captured---took to the market in Africa?

The slaves were tied together with ropes, or had "yokes" around their necks, during the journey

How would and African most likely become slave?

Their town or village was conquered by another African army

Why did the British want to take over the slave trade in the late-seventeenth century?

They needed labor for tobacco and sugar cultivation in North America and the Caribbean.

How did the early Europeans usually obtain their supply of African slaves?

They obtained their slaves through trade with native African tribes, primarily in West Africa.

What is the relationship between bathroom facilities and slave ships?

Three or four toilet tubs were provided below decks for the slaves to use during the Middle Passage.

Why did Africans enslave other Africans and sell them to Europeans?

Warfare among African tribes led to selling defeated tribes to make money and to get rid of opponents.

In what form did the Portuguese use captured slaves until the early sixteenth century?

as domestic servants

Regarding provisions on slave ships, which of the following was eaten by slave ship's crew?

caviar

The account of Dr. Alexander Falconbridge in the second Voices section of the textbook discusses which of the following disease as the primary problem for African slaves aboard slave ships?

dysentery

After arriving off the Guinea Coast, Portuguese captains traded with African leaders for which of the following items?

ivory

Which of the following was a common way for slaves to rebel or resist their imprisonment while at sea?

refusing to eat

Which of the following diseases vied with dysentery to kill the most slaves while aboard slave ships?

smallpox

Which accomplishment did the Portuguese achieve before other European nations?

the discovery of the New World

Which of the following statements best describes the triangular trade system produced by the Atlantic slave trade?

the middle part of the trade included traders carrying African slaves to the West Indies and exchanging slaves for sugar

Grog, the favorite drink of European sailors in the Atlantic slave trade, was a mixture of which of the following items?

water and rum