African American History Study Guide

Which of the following phrases best describes sharecropping?

"cycle of poverty and debt"

African Americans believed that laws requiring segregation violated the "equal protection" clause of the

14th amendment

The police chief of Birmingham, Alabama that opposed integration efforts with riot police, attack dogs and high pressure hoses was

Eugene "Bull" Connor

The government agency that set up 4,500 schools in the south after the Civil War was the

Freedmen's Bureau

The CORE plan to test the effectiveness of court orders barring the segregation in interstate bus transportation was the

Freedom Ride

Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. was the first African American to be promoted to the rank of

General

In the South after Reconstruction, literacy and property tests for white male voters were often waived because of the

Grandfather Clause

Between 1915 and 1930, over a million African Americans left the agricultural South for Northern and Midwestern urban, industrial centers as part of what was called the

Great Migration

The African American who became known for a campaign against lynching was

Ida B. Wells

The most prominent of writers during the Harlem Renaissance was

Langston Hughes

President Eisenhower ordered federal troops to enforce integration of the public high school in

Little Rock, AR

The great trumpet player who is credited with ushering in the modern jazz age was

Louis Armstrong

The founder of the SCLC and the most visible and eloquent spokesperson of the Civil Rights Movement was

Martin Luther King Jr.

According to W.E.B. DuBois, "the Negro race... is going to be saved by its exceptional men," a group called the

Niagara Movement

The Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" facilities for African Americans and whites were acceptable in the landmark case of

Plessy v. Ferguson

A major training base for African American fliers during World War II was located at

Tuskegee Airfield

A major part of the NAACP's long term strategy against laws that discriminated against African Americans was to

attack such laws in court

At the end of the Civil War, newly freed slaves hoped for federal action to enable them to

become independent farmers

When segregation exists, even though it is not required by law, it is known as t

de facto segregation

After Reconstruction, African Americans in the South faced segregation

in many aspects of their daily life.

The form of protest in which African Americans refused to leave segregated restaurants and lunch counters until they were served was the

sit-ins

During World War II, many African Americans left Southern farms in order to

take jobs in defense industries

The musical form that grew out of African American work songs and uses the call-and-response pattern of African music is

the blues

The major aim of white societies that formed after the Civil War was

the destruction of Reconstruction governments

The fee instituted by many Southern states, in order to impede freedmen from voting in election was

the poll tax