African American History Study Guide
Which of the following phrases best describes sharecropping?
"cycle of poverty and debt"
African Americans believed that laws requiring segregation violated the "equal protection" clause of the
14th amendment
The police chief of Birmingham, Alabama that opposed integration efforts with riot police, attack dogs and high pressure hoses was
Eugene "Bull" Connor
The government agency that set up 4,500 schools in the south after the Civil War was the
Freedmen's Bureau
The CORE plan to test the effectiveness of court orders barring the segregation in interstate bus transportation was the
Freedom Ride
Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. was the first African American to be promoted to the rank of
General
In the South after Reconstruction, literacy and property tests for white male voters were often waived because of the
Grandfather Clause
Between 1915 and 1930, over a million African Americans left the agricultural South for Northern and Midwestern urban, industrial centers as part of what was called the
Great Migration
The African American who became known for a campaign against lynching was
Ida B. Wells
The most prominent of writers during the Harlem Renaissance was
Langston Hughes
President Eisenhower ordered federal troops to enforce integration of the public high school in
Little Rock, AR
The great trumpet player who is credited with ushering in the modern jazz age was
Louis Armstrong
The founder of the SCLC and the most visible and eloquent spokesperson of the Civil Rights Movement was
Martin Luther King Jr.
According to W.E.B. DuBois, "the Negro race... is going to be saved by its exceptional men," a group called the
Niagara Movement
The Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" facilities for African Americans and whites were acceptable in the landmark case of
Plessy v. Ferguson
A major training base for African American fliers during World War II was located at
Tuskegee Airfield
A major part of the NAACP's long term strategy against laws that discriminated against African Americans was to
attack such laws in court
At the end of the Civil War, newly freed slaves hoped for federal action to enable them to
become independent farmers
When segregation exists, even though it is not required by law, it is known as t
de facto segregation
After Reconstruction, African Americans in the South faced segregation
in many aspects of their daily life.
The form of protest in which African Americans refused to leave segregated restaurants and lunch counters until they were served was the
sit-ins
During World War II, many African Americans left Southern farms in order to
take jobs in defense industries
The musical form that grew out of African American work songs and uses the call-and-response pattern of African music is
the blues
The major aim of white societies that formed after the Civil War was
the destruction of Reconstruction governments
The fee instituted by many Southern states, in order to impede freedmen from voting in election was
the poll tax