African American studies exam

Which of the following was true of Meroe?

It was Africa's first industrial center

The Nubians established and independent kingdom known as

Kush

How was work divided among slaves during the seasoning process in the West Indies?

Masters generally divided the slaves into several gangs

Which of the following prevented widespread conversion of slaves to Christianity before the 1730s?

Masters worried that conversion would be seen as a step toward freedom

Which of the following was the largest of the empires in western Sudan?

Songhai

__________ was the first European nation to actively colonize the Americas

Spain

Georgia was founded, in part, to serve as a buffer between South Carolina and ____________

Spanish Florida

The term habilis means

"tool using"

In 1487 ________ discovered the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa.

Bartolomeu Dias

Which of the following was true of the low country by 1740?

Black slaves made up 90 percent of the population in vicinity of Charleston

The growth of the Atlantic slave trade was driven by demand for the products of the Americas in _________

Europe

Settled village life was the result of the emergence of ___________

agriculture

What disease was known to slave crew as "bloody flux" ?

dysentery

In the late twentieth century, Afrocentricists regarded ancient _______ as an essentially black civilization

egypt

In what century did the English become the dominant power in the Atlantic slave trade?

eighteenth

Most African Americans saw Bill Clinton as ____________

one of their own

Growing demand for _________ led to the expansion of the slave labor system in the Chesapeake

tobacco

How long did a typical crossing from Africa to the Americas take?

two to three months

What contributed the most to the high mortality rates among slaves making the crossing to the Americas?

unsanitary conditions

Anthony Johnson _____________

was a black man who became a planter and slave owner

During the colonial period, about ________ percent of southern female slaves were field workers

90

In West Africa, ______ conducted the Islamic slave trade.

Sudanese horsemen

Which of the following was the most important reason that the British abolished the Atlantic slave trade in 1807?

The British economy became less dependent on agriculture by the late 1700s

The crews of ________ slavers generally preferred to sell their slaves in Barbados.

English

What was true of ships' surgeons aboard slavers?

They were paid by the hour for their services

Most southern slaves used technologies closely associated with __________

cultivating and processing agricultural commodities

Under President Reagan, the executive branch sought to _____________

cut non-military spending and eliminate federal regulations

Maroon communities were made up of _________

escaped slaves

Once captured Africans reached the coast, they were taken to fortified structures called _________

factories

Before 1750, nearly all slaves were ________

field hands

Before the late eighteenth century, slaves' goal in resisting was to _________

force concessions from masters

The Sahel is a(n)

huge grassland

Miscegenation resulted in a(n)

mixed-race population

The term homo sapiens refers to __________.

modern humans

Which of the following was stipulated by slave codes passed in the Chesapeake between 1660 and 1710?

slaves could not marry

After 1750, vaccinations helped reduce the incidence of ________ on board slavers

smallpox

What created enormous demand for West African slaves in sixteenth-century Brazil?

sugar plantations

Rice cultivation encouraged the development of the ___________ system in the low country

task

The peoples of the forest region were particularly important in African-American history because they played a large role in _______

the Atlantic slave trade

The preservation of _________ created the foundation for African-American century

the West African extended family

Which of the following best explains the growth in the slave population in the low country before 1750?

the arrival of new slaves from Africa

What was the main reason colonial assemblies banned interracial marriages?

to keep white women from having mixed-race children

Why did slave traders seek to separate enslaved Africans who spoke the same langauges?

to lessen the possibility of shipboard conspiracies

Why did sailors on slavers string up nets on the side of the ship?

to prevent slaves from jumping overboard

Which of the following turned Jamestown into a profitable enterprise?

tobacco cultivation

Indentured servants who worked on Chesapeake tobacco plantations sold their freedom for a number of years in exchange for __________

transportation to North America

The major early roots of African-American culture lay in the civilizations that emerged in ________

west africa

Which of the following might help explain the frequency with which enslaved women on board slavers were sexually abused?

women were worth less at sale than men were and there were fewer on board

Which of the following helps explain why the 32 people of African descent who arrived in Jamestown in the early seventeenth century were not considered slaves?

The English did not have a law establishing slavery

Beginning in the __________, historical records in Virginia suggest a tendency to view African Americans as slaves

1640s

During the voyage to the Americas, enslaved Africans were fed_______

African foods

Why did President Reagan give his approval to the Martin Luther King jr. holiday?

After pressure from the people

Africa is bounded by the ________ to the west

Atlantic ocean

Which of the following was the first Christina state in sub-Saharan Africa

Axum

Most of the British settlers who settled in Charleston in 1670 came from ___________

Barbados

Which of the following was the earliest civilization in Africa?

Egypt

Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between African Americans and American Indians during the colonial period?

Indians saw African Americans as their natural allies

__________ established England's claim to the east coast of North America

John Cabot

The term "affirmative action" was first used by President _________

John F. Kennedy

African styles of architecture were most common in _________

Maryland

Ancient Egyptian society was profoundly shaped by the

Nile River

In the early 1400s, the ______ began to explore the coastline of Africa

Portuguese

What was true of Barack Obama's victory in 2008?

Race is no longer a barrier to presidency

___________ was the first African American to seek the presidential nomination of a major political party

Shirley Chisholm

Which of the following was a consequence of Proposition 209?

There were two cases including the University of Michigan and the admission rate to the University of California dropped

Where did the majority of slaves in British North America live in 1750?

Virginia and Maryland

Which statement best characterizes the power and status of women in ancient Egypt?

Women held a relatively high status, could own property, and be public officials

which of the following helps explain why slavery was less extensive in the northern colonies than the southern colonies

a cooler climate in the North

In March 1991 Rodney King was beaten by Los Angeles police after ________

a high-speed chase

The "scramble" was _________

a particularly horrible form of selling slaves

Many captive Africans believed that the Europeans they encountered on the West African coast were ________

cannibals

John Newton began his involvement in the Atlantic slave trade as a(n)

indentured servant

The term miscegenation refers to _________

interracial sexual contact

Mali was _____ than Ghana

less centralized

Under chattel slavery, enslaved African Americans were the legal equivalents of _________

livestock

In the face of the consolidation of Republican power in the 1980s and early 1990s, black voters ____________

put their hopes in the Democratic party

Low-country plantations focused on the cultivation of _________

rice

What was a major component of the trans-Saharan trade?

slaves

Tabby was used in _________

the construction of houses

Which of the following played the largest role in the decline of Kush?

the decline of Rome

The journal kept by the Dutch slaver St. Jan documented _______ aboard such ships.

the poor and inadequate food supply

Historic Eric Williams has argued that __________.

the terrors of the Middle Passage have been exaggerated