Agronomy 181 Exam 3

Order the size of the three soil particles from smallest (1) to largest (3) Clay, sand, silt

1. clay 2. silt 3. sand

Order the soil particles from smallest (1) surface area per volume of soil to largest (3) surface area per volume of soil Clay, sand, silt

1. sand 2. silt 3. clay

At 25 C (77 F) the atmosphere can hold 19.6 g water/kg of air. How much water could the atmosphere hold at a relative humidity of 75%? a. 19.6 g water/kg of air b. 4.9 g water/kg of air c. Not enough information was given to answer the question. d. 14.7 g water/kg of air

D. 14.7 g water/ kg of air

Most of the water that the plant uses occurs in the process of photosynthesis a. True b. False. Corrected: most of the water that the plant uses occurs in the process of photosynthesis, specifically in the Calvin cycle c. False. Corrected: very little water that enters the plant via the xylem is used in the process of photosynthesis.

Either b or c (for sure not a)

If a cell has a water potential of -2570 kPa and a pressure potential of 360 kPa, the solute potential is a. -2930 kPa b. -2210 kPa c. I don't have enough information to calculate the solute potential d. +2210 kPa

a. -2930 kPa

If a cell with a solute potential of -3245 kPa and a pressure potential of 260 kPa, the water potential of the cell is a. -2985 kPa b. -3245 kPa c. -3505 kPa

a. -2985 kPa

Which two plant nutrients make up 90% of the plant? a. Carbon and oxygen b. Carbon and hydrogen c. Hydrogen and oxygen d. Nitrogen and carbon

a. Carbon and oxygen

True or False? If the plant looks healthy, then the plant is not experiencing nutrient deficiency. a. False. A plant can have a 10% yield loss, without visually appearing to have a nutrient deficiency b. False. A plant can have luxury consumption, which is not good for the plant c. True

a. False. A plant can have a 10% yield loss, without visually appearing to have a nutrient deficiency

True or False? When nutrients/ ions move into the cell by crossing the plasma membrane, the process requires only energy. a. False. when nutrients/ ions move into the cell by crossing the plasma membrane, the process requires a protein carrier and energy b. False. When nutrients/ ions move into the cell by crossing the plasma membrane, the process only requires a protein carrier. c. True

a. False. when nutrients/ ions move into the cell by crossing the plasma membrane, the process requires a protein carrier and energy

Which statement below is accurate about the three stages of the Calvin Cycle? a. In the third stage, RuBP is regenerated from the GA3P compounds; this stage requires energy. b. The fourth stage is the stage in which two PGA molecules are combined to create glucose c. The second stage is called the reduction stage; it requires lots of energy to reduce the CO2 to GA3P. d. The first stage is carbon fixation and it requires lots of energy from ATPs and NADPHs.

a. In the third stage, RuBP is regenerated from the GA3P compounds; this stage requires energy.

When ______ concentration in the guard cell decreases, the ______ become ______. a. K+ ion; guard cells; flaccid b. K+ ion; guard cells; turgid c. Mg2+ ion; stoma; flaccid d. K+ ion; stoma; turgid

a. K+ ion; guard cells; flaccid

Choose the answer which correctly fills the blanks:In general, leaves have a _____ water potential than the roots, because ___________. a. Lower, because of the higher solute concentration in the cells of leaves b. Higher, because of the higher solute concentration in the cells of leaves c. Equal, because the stomata are open d. Depends upon the plant species

a. Lower, because of the higher solute concentration in the cells of leaves

Nitrogen and ________ are essential parts of the chlorophyll molecule a. Magnesium b. sulfur c. phosphorus d. Nitrogen only. Trick question

a. Magnesium

Which is true about N fixation? a. Nitrogen fixation is the result of a symbiotic relationship with bacteria in the plant root of legumes and the plant b. Nitrogen fixation takes place in the soil when the soil is saturated with water. c. Nitrogen fixation is conducted in the soil by micro-organisms called decomposers. d. All the statements are correct.

a. Nitrogen fixation is the result of a symbiotic relationship with bacteria in the plant root of legumes and the plant

Water uptake into the root, prior to the endodermis occurs in three ways: symplastically, transmembrane, and apoplastically. Define these three terms: a. Symplastically through cells via plasmodesmata, transmembrane through cells via cell membranes, and apoplastically between cells. b. Symplastically between cells, transmembrane through cells via cell membranes, and apoplastically via plasmodesmata. c. The initial statement is incorrect. Water moves into the root only symplastically through cells. d. Symplastically through cells via cell membranes, transmembrane through cells via cell membranes, and apoplastically between cells.

a. Symplastically through cells via plasmodesmata, transmembrane through cells via cell membranes, and apoplastically between cells.

True or false? Both nitrogen and sulfur are building blocks for proteins and chlorophyll. a. The original statement was false. Corrected statement: Both nitrogen and sulfur are building blocks for proteins. Nitrogen is a critical ion within chlorophyll. b. True. c. The original statement was false. Corrected statement: Both nitrogen and sulfur are building blocks for proteins. Sulfur is important as an energy storage ion and Nitrogen is a critical ion within chlorophyll.

a. The original statement was false. Corrected statement: Both nitrogen and sulfur are building blocks for proteins. Nitrogen is a critical ion within chlorophyll.

If a cell with a solute potential of -3245 kPa and a pressure potential of 260 kPa is placed in a beaker with a solute potential of -1275 kPa, water would move from the beaker into the cell, thus increasing the water in the cell and the pressure potential of the cell. a. True. b. False. Water would move out of the cell into the beaker, thus increasing pressure potential of the beaker.

a. True

True or False? Infiltration is the movement of water into the soil a. True b. False. Corrected statement: Percolation is the movement of water into the soil c. False. Corrected statement: surface runoff is the movement of water into the soil.

a. True

If a cell with a solute potential of -3245 kPa and a pressure potential of 260 kPa is placed in a beaker with a solute potential of -1275 kPa, water would move from the beaker into the cell, thus increasing the water in the cell and the pressure potential of the cell. a. True. b. False. Water would move from the beaker into the cell, thus decreasing the solute potential of the cell. c. False. Water would move out of the cell into the beaker, thus increasing pressure potential of the beaker.

a. True.

True or False? Cations are positively charged nutrients that can be adsorbed to the surface of clay particles. a. True. b. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: Anions are negatively charged nutrients that can be adsorbed to the surface of clay particles. c. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: Anions are positively charged nutrients that can be adsorbed to the surface of clay particles.

a. True.

True or False? The availability of plant nutrients in the soil is influenced by soil pH. a. True. b. The original statement was false. Corrected statement: The availability of plant nutrients in the soil is NOT influenced by soil pH. c. The original statement was false. Corrected statement: All nutrients respond the same to different pH levels.

a. True.

What are the three fates of sunlight when it strikes the leaf? a. light waves that are used in photosynthesis ___________ b. why the leaf appears green ________ c. light waves that goes through an object and bends at an angle

a. adsorption b. reflection c. transmission

What are the three fates of sunlight when it strikes the leaf? a. light waves that are used in photosynthesis__________ b. why the leaf appears green___________ c. light waves that go through an object and bend at an angle________

a. adsorption b. reflection c. transmission

If you saw a lot of nutrient deficiency in the lower leaves, but not the new growth: a. deficiency is presently occurring, but the deficient nutrient is mobile in the plant and has been translocated to the new growth b. deficiency is presently occurring because the deficient nutrient was immobile c. Neither statement is correct, because the deficiency is in the soil, not the plant

a. deficiency is presently occurring, but the deficient nutrient is mobile in plant and has been translocated to the new growth

With wind, the rate of transpiration a. increases compared to a still environment. The wind removes the water vapor from the boundary layer, which in turn increases the water potential gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere. b. Wind has no effect on transpiration rates. The relative humidity does influence the rates of transpiration. Lower relative humidity values will lead to an increase in transpiration. c. increases compared to a still environment. The wind removes the water vapor from the boundary layer, which in turn decreases the water potential gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere. d. decreases compared to a still environment. The wind removes the water vapor from the boundary layer, which in turn decreases the water potential gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere.

a. increases compared to a still environment. The wind removes the water vapor from the boundary layer, which in turn increases the water potential gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere.

Plant available water has a water potential of ____ to ______ a. 1500 kPa to 33 kPa b. -1500 kPa to -33 kPa c. -3000 kPa to -33 kPa d. -33 kPa to 0 kPa

b. -1500 kPa to -33 kPa

A farmer was advised to apply 70 lb P2O5/A to her sunflower crop. The synthetic fertilizer sources are: UAN (urea ammonium nitrate) (32-0-0) DAP (diammonium phospate) (18-46-0) Muriate of potash (0-0-60) a. 152 lb P2O5/A b. 152 lb DAP/A c. 32.2 lb DAP/A d. 70 ln P2O5/A

b. 152 lb DAP/A

How much fertilizer would you recommend a dairy farmer apply if he/she want to apply enough K2O/A to equal the amount of crop removal for corn silage. The synthetic fertilizer sources: UAN (urea ammonium nitrate) (32-0-0) DAP (diammonium phosphate) (18-46-0) muriate of potash (0-0-60) You recommend that he/she apply: a. 171 lb K2O/A b. 285 lb muriate of potash/A c. ~372 lb DAP/A d. I do not have enough information to calculate the amount of fertilizer needed.

b. 285 lb muriate of potash/A

Review the soil texture triangle. Clay loam would have a. 30% clay, 60% sand, 10% silt b. 30% clay, 30% silt, 30% sand c. 40% clay, 50% sand, 10% silt d. 60% clay, 30% sand, 20% silt

b. 30% clay, 30% silt, 30% sand

At what environmental conditions below would the least amount of evaporation occur? a. 40 F air temperature with a 50% relative humidity b. 40 F air temperature with a 90% relative humidity c. 83 F air temperature with a 90% relative humidity d. 83 air temperature with a 50% relative humidity

b. 40 F air temperature with a 90% relative humidity

A soil textural class of sandy clay loam would have a. 8% sand, 65% silt, and 27% clay b. 65% sand, 8% silt, and 27% clay c. 27% sand, 8% silt, and 65% clay

b. 65% sand, 8% silt, and 27% clay

Which statement below is true? a. The difference between clay loam and silty clay loam: clay loam can potentially have more sand than silty clay loam. b. All statements are correct. c. Silty clay loam has potentially 40-70% silt. d. Clay loam potentially has 28-40% clay. e. None of the statements are correct

b. All statements are correct.

True or False? An often over-looked source of nutrients in the soil is the nutrients released by immobilization of organic matter. a. True b. False. Corrected: An often-overlooked source of nutrients in the soil is the nutrients released by mineralization of organic matter.

b. False. Corrected: An often-overlooked source of nutrients in the soil is the nutrients released by mineralization of organic matter.

True or False? The plant is able to take up hygroscopic water a. True b. False. Corrected: The plant is unable to take up hygroscopic water because the water potential of the soil is very low c. False. Corrected: The plant is unable to take up hygroscopic water because the water potential of the soil is very high.

b. False. Corrected: The plant is unable to take up hygroscopic water because the water potential of the soil is very low

True or False? The reason that the level of transpiration is so high in mid-season when compared to evaporation, is because the temperature at the soil surface is very high. a. False. Corrected: The reason that the level of transpiration is so high in mid-season when compared to evaporation, is because the relative humidity of the atmosphere is very high b. False. Corrected: The reason that the level of transpiration is so high in mid-season when compared to evaporation, is because the transpiration increases with an increase in leaf surface area/ plant c. True

b. False. Corrected: The reason that the level of transpiration is so high in mid-season when compared to evaporation, is because the transpiration increases with an increase in leaf surface area/ plant

Why does loam have more available water (inch of water/foot of soil) compared to other soil textural classes? a. The soil textural classes that contain lots of clay hold more water, but not all of the water is available, because the water potential of clay soils is higher than loam soils. b. Loam has a mix of sand, silt, and clay. The sand helps with drainage, while the clay holds water. c. The loam soil textural class holds a lot of water, but the water potential of the loam soil is less than the water potential of soils containing lots of clay. d. The soil textural class does not influence the amount of plant available water in the soil.

b. Loam has a mix of sand, silt, and clay. The sand helps with drainage, while the clay holds water.

Is the water use rate (in of water/day) constant during the season? a. Yes. Soils hold water that moves into the roots, the movement is influenced by the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. b. No. The rate changes upon the growth stage of the plant, e.g. as the plant matures it has more leaves and deeper roots, which would lead to more water use. c. No. The rate changes depending upon the environmental conditions, e.g. in mid-summer the rate decreases.

b. No. The rate changes upon the growth stage of the plant, e.g. as the plant matures it has more leaves and deeper roots, which would lead to more water use.

True or False? Plant essential nutrients enter the root and can move apoplastically until the endodermis. At the endodermis the plant essential nutrients move easily into the xylem. a. True. b. The original statement is false. Correct statement: Plant essential nutrients enter the root and can move apoplastically, transmembrane, or symplastically until the endodermis. At the endodermis the plant essential nutrients must move into the cell using protein carrier molecules, which requires energy. c. The original statement is false. Correct statement: Plant essential nutrients enter the root and can move symplastically until the endodermis. At the endodermis the plant essential nutrients move easily into the xylem.

b. The original statement is false. Correct statement: Plant essential nutrients enter the root and can move apoplastically, transmembrane, or symplastically until the endodermis. At the endodermis the plant essential nutrients must move into the cell using protein carrier molecules, which requires energy.

True or False? The majority of the water that the plant uses occurs in the process of photosynthesis. a. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: About half of the water that enters the plant via xylem is used in the process of photosynthesis. b. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: The majority of the water that the plant uses involves transpiration. With vaporization of the water in transpiration, the leaf cells are cooled. c. True.

b. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: The majority of the water that the plant uses involves transpiration. With vaporization of the water in transpiration, the leaf cells are cooled.

True or False? With wind, transpiration rates increase compared to a still environment. The wind removes the water vapor from the boundary layer, which in turn decreases the water potential gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere. a. True. b. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: With wind, transpiration rates increase compared to a still environment. The wind removes the water vapor from the boundary layer, which in turn increases the water potential gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere. c. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: With wind, transpiration rates decrease compared to a still environment, because the water potential gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere decreases with wind

b. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: With wind, transpiration rates increase compared to a still environment. The wind removes the water vapor from the boundary layer, which in turn increases the water potential gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere.

True or False? A plant needs nutrients to meet its yield potential. A farmer can apply synthetic fertilizer or organic nutrient sources to the soil. Plants can take up both inorganic and organic nutrients. a. True. b. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: A plant needs nutrients to meet its yield potential. A farmer can apply synthetic fertilizer or organic nutrient sources to the soil. Plants can immediately take up inorganic nutrients, but not organic nutrients. Organic nutrients need to go thru the process of mineralization, which releases the inorganic nutrient. c. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: A plant needs nutrients to meet its yield potential. A farmer can apply synthetic fertilizer or organic nutrient sources to the soil. Plants can immediately take up inorganic nutrients, but not organic nutrients. Organic nutrients need to go thru the process of immobilization, which releases the inorganic nutrient.

b. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: A plant needs nutrients to meet its yield potential. A farmer can apply synthetic fertilizer or organic nutrient sources to the soil. Plants can immediately take up inorganic nutrients, but not organic nutrients. Organic nutrients need to go thru the process of mineralization, which releases the inorganic nutrient.

True or False? Evapotranspiration (ET) is the loss of water from the soil. The reason that the level of transpiration is so high in mid-season when compared to evaporation, is because the temperature at the soil surface is very high. a. The original statement is incorrect. Corrected statement: Evapotranspiration (ET) is the loss of water from the soil. The reason that the level of transpiration is so high in mid-season when compared to evaporation, is because the relative humidity of the atmosphere is very high. b. The original statement is incorrect. Corrected statement: Evapotranspiration (ET) is the loss of water from the soil. The reason that the level of transpiration is so high in mid-season when compared to evaporation, is because transpiration increases with an increase in leaf surface area/plant. c. True.

b. The original statement is incorrect. Corrected statement: Evapotranspiration (ET) is the loss of water from the soil. The reason that the level of transpiration is so high in mid-season when compared to evaporation, is because transpiration increases with an increase in leaf surface area/plant.

If a cell with a solute potential of -2985 kPa and a pressure potential of 160 kPa is placed in a beaker with a solute potential of -2535 kPa, water would move from the beaker into the cell, thus increasing the water in the cell and the pressure potential of the cell. a. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: Water would move from the beaker into the cell, thus decreasing the solute potential of the cell. b. True. c. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: Water would move out of the cell into the beaker, thus increasing pressure potential of the beaker.

b. True.

If a cell with a solute potential of -3245 kPa and a pressure potential of 260 kPa is placed in a beaker with a solute potential of -1275 kPa, water would move from the beaker into the cell, thus increasing the water in the cell and the pressure potential of the cell. a. False. Water would move out of the cell into the beaker, thus increasing pressure potential of the beaker. b. True. c. False. Water would move from the beaker into the cell, thus decreasing the solute potential of the cell.

b. True.

______ has the highest water potential value a. hygroscopic water b. gravitational water c. permanent wilting point d. capillary water

b. gravitational water

In class I showed you how to dye white carnations. Let's assume that I want to quickly dye some white carnations orange. I place the white carnations into a vase that contains orange food coloring. Where should I place the carnations if I want the process to happen quickly? a. in my basement that has little to no air-flow. b. in my kitchen while I was baking a cake c. in my closet, so they would not get disturbed d. in my bathroom while I was taking a shower

b. in my kitchen while I was baking a cake

High relative humidity ______ photosynthesis, because ________. a. none of the statements are true b. increases; the stomates are fully open and lots of CO2 can enter the leaf c. does not affect; water in the plant only represents 1% of the water in photosynthesis d. decreases; the stomate close and the CO2 cannot enter the leaf

b. increases; the stomates are fully open and lots of CO2 can enter the leaf

Active transport a. is selective, only occurs with the macronutrients. b. is regulated because energy and a protein carrier are needed to move an ion across the membrane. b. of a nutrient requires a concentration gradient. d. never happens in the plant.

b. is regulated because energy and a protein carrier are needed to move an ion across the membrane.

The lower the leaf area index (LAI) value, the a. less ground area per unit b. less leaf surface per unit ground area c. more leaf surface per unit ground area d. more photosynthesis

b. less leaf surface per unit ground area

If a plant has a phosphorus deficiency, which function below would be directly influenced? a. ATP synthesis b. opening and closing of the stoma c. the amount of chlorophyll d. structure of cell wall

b. opening and closing of the stoma *not 100% sure if right answer however I know it is not c or d*

What soil texture class has 65% silt, 15% clay, and 20% sand? a. sandy loam b. silt loam c. clay loam

b. silt loam

Which ion below is NOT a micronutrient? a. copper b. sulfur c. iron d. boron

b. sulfur

Select all correct answers. In the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and the plant roots, a. This is a trick question. Micro-organisms are never in relationship with plant roots, but rather in competition for the same nutrients. b. the bacteria can fix N2 gas, making NH4 which is available to the plant. c. the plant provides sugar for bacteria metabolism. d. the bacteria can increase the surface area of the root, resulting in increase water and phosphorus uptake.

b. the bacteria can fix N2 gas, making NH4 which is available to the plant. c. the plant provides sugar for bacteria metabolism.

As plants use soil moisture. a. the pressure potential of the soil decreases b. the matric potential of the soil decreases c. the matric potential of the soil increases d. the water potential of the soil increases

b. the matric potential of the soil decreases

Vaporization is a. movement of water into an entity that is extremely dry b. the process of liquid water becoming water vapor c. All the statements above are correct d. loss of water from the soil surface

b. the process of liquid water becoming water vapor

A farmer was advised to apply 25 lb P2O5/A to her barley crop using a synthetic fertilizer. How many pounds of synthetic fertilizer do you recommend that she apply? The synthetic fertilizer sources: UAN (urea ammonium nitrate) (32-0-0) DAP (diammonium phosphate) (18-46-0) muriate of potash (0-0-60) a. ~55 lb P2O5/A b. ~55 lb DAP/A c. 11.5 lb DAP/A d. 25 lb UAN/A

b. ~55 lb DAP/A

Plant available water has a water potential of __________ to _________. a. -33 kPa to 0 kPa b. -1550 kPa to -100 kPa c. -1500 kPa to -33 kPa d. -3000 kPa to -33 kPa

c. -1500 kPa to -33 kPa

An example of a soil water potential value for water that is not available to the plant is a. -160 kPa b. -1200 kPa c. -1700 kPa d. All these water potential values indicate soil water that is available to the plant

c. -1700 kPa

If a corn crop at the milk stage has 3.6 inches of available water, how long will it take the crop to use the 3.6 inches of available water? a. 7 days b. It depends upon the irrigation system c. 3.6 inches of water/0.24 inches per day = 15 days d. I do not have enough information

c. 3.6 inches of water/0.24 inches per day = 15 days

Which statement is true? a. Evaporation occurs when the soil surface is not covered with a canopy of leaves or residue. More evaporation occurs early and late in the growing season. b. Evapotranspiration is the process of water loss from the soil. c. All the statements are true. d. The amount of water leaving the leaf surface due to transpiration is highest in the middle of the growing season.

c. All the statements are true.

If a crop has 3.6 inches of available water, how long will it take the crop to use the 3.6 inches of available water? a. It depends upon the irrigation system b. 3.6 inches of water/0.24 inches per day = 15 days c. I do not have enough information d. 7 days

c. I do not have enough information

What is the name of the process that converts ADP to ATP (energy) by adding an additional phosphate during the Hill reaction? a. Photosynthesis b. Photolysis c. Photophosphorylation d. Phototropism

c. Photophosphorylation

True or False? In the fall leaves change color because the cool weather in the fall causes the leaf to begin synthesizing carotenoid pigments, which reflect orange and yellow wavelengths. a. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: The cool weather in the fall inhibits the absorption of green wavelengths by the chlorophyll in the leaf, causing the chlorophyll to reflect orange and yellow wavelengths. b. True. c. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: The cool weather in the fall causes the chlorophyll in the leaf to break down. Without the green pigments the carotenoid pigments, which reflect orange and yellow wavelengths, become visible.

c. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: The cool weather in the fall causes the chlorophyll in the leaf to break down. Without the green pigments the carotenoid pigments, which reflect orange and yellow wavelengths, become visible.

True or False? Greener plants will have greater photosynthetic efficiency and produce more sugar, because they can absorb more green wavelengths. a. True. b. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: The green color that we observe is from light that has been transmitted not absorbed. c. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: The green color that we observe is from light that has been reflected not absorbed.

c. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: The green color that we observe is from light that has been reflected not absorbed.

True or False? Soil microorganisms can complete with plants for nutrients in the soil because the microorganisms use the same nutrients that plants use a. False. Corrected: soil microorganisms complete with plants for nutrients in the soil, because the microorganisms uses the same nutrients for growth. However, plants always out compete the soil microorganisms b. False. Corrected: Soil microorganism never complete with plants for nutrients in the soil, because the microorganisms use different nutrients for growth than plants c. True

c. True

True or false. Clay particles have the greatest surface area/volume of soil of the three mineral particles. a. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: Of the three mineral particles, silt particles have the greatest surface area/volume of soil, because silt particles are larger than sand and clay. b. The original statement is false. Corrected statement: Of the three mineral particles, clay particles have the least surface area/volume of soil, because clay particles are smaller than silt and sand. c. True.

c. True.

Leaf area index (LAI) a. is the measure of the leaf surface area on a plant b. continues to increase throughout the growing season c. influences the amount of sunlight that is absorbed within a particular area of soil d. is the measure of the number of leaves within a particular area of soil

c. influences the amount of sunlight that is absorbed within a particular area of soil

Potassium in the plant a. is essential for chlorophyll b. helps make sugars in the Calvin cycle c. is involved in the opening and closing of the stoma d. is involved in the storage of energy in the ATP and NADPH

c. is involved in the opening and closing of the stoma

The part of the leaf of a monocot plant that is attached to the node is the a. collar b. blade c. sheath d. ligule

c. sheath

Photolysis is a. the splitting of carbon dioxide using energy from the sun, at Photosystem II, in the stroma b. the splitting of carbon dioxide using energy from the sun, releasing O2 that we breath c. the splitting of water using energy from the sun, at Photosystem II, on the lumen side of the thylakoid membranes d. the splitting of water using energy from the sun, at Photosystem I, in the stroma

c. the splitting of water using energy from the sun, at Photosystem II, on the lumen side of the thylakoid membranes

Plant available water has a water potential of __________ to _________. a. -33 kPa to 0 kPa b. -3000 kPa to -33 kPa c. -1550 kPa to -100 kPa d. -1500 kPa to -33 kPa

d. -1500 kPa to -33 kPa

Ideal soil contents include a. 33% silt, 33% clay, 33% sand b. 45% air space, 5% organic, 50% pore space c. 45% solid, 5% organic, 50% soil water d. 45% solid, 5% organic, 25% air space 25% soil water

d. 45% solid, 5% organic, 25% air space 25% soil water

A farmer was advised to apply 35 lb K2O/A to her barley crop using synthetic fertilizer. How many pounds of synthetic fertilizer do you recommend that she apply? The synthetic fertilizer sources: UAN (urea ammonium nitrate) (32-0-0) DAP (diammonium phosphate) (18-46-0) muriate of potash (0-0-60) a. 21 lb muriate of potash/A b. 21 lb DAP/A c. 58.33 lb K2O/A d. 58.33 lb muriate of potash/A

d. 58.33 lb muriate of potash/A

Which statement is correct? a. The traveling gun and the furrow methods deliver water along the soil surface of the field, while the center pivot delivers overhead. b. A smart farmer would wait to irrigate when the plant is just starting to wilt during the mid-day of the summer. c. The efficiency of water delivery to the soil surface is different depending upon the method. The traveling gun is the most efficient followed by the center pivot and then the furrow method. d. A soil tensiometer is used to measure the soil moisture tension of the soil. This information would be useful for knowing the availability of soil water and making irrigation decisions.

d. A soil tensiometer is used to measure the soil moisture tension of the soil. This information would be useful for knowing the availability of soil water and making irrigation decisions.

Which one of the nutrients below is a micronutrient? a. All are macronutrients b. Manganese c. Iron d. All are micronutrients e. Boron

d. All are micronutrients

__________ has the highest water potential value. a. Hygroscopic water b. Capillary water c. Permanent wilting point d. Gravitational water

d. Gravitational water

True or False? A soil particle has the capacity to absorb ions on its surface. a. True, if the soil particle is a sand particle and the ion is an anion b. True, if the soil particle is a sand particle and the ion is a cation c. True, if the soil particle is a clay particle and the ion is an anion d. True, if the soil particle is a clay particle and the ion is a cation

d. True, if the soil particle is a clay particle and the ion is a cation

When nutrients/ions move into the cell by crossing the plasma membrane, the process requires a. an enzyme and energy. b. only a protein carrier. c. only energy. d. a protein carrier and energy.

d. a protein carrier and energy.

Review Image 3. The leaves of Plant A are described as ______, while the leaves of Plant B are described as _______. a. turgid; flaccid b. flaccid; flaccid c. turgid; turgid d. flaccid; turgid

d. flaccid; turgid

In general, leaves have a _______ water potential that the roots, because ________. a. higher; of the higher solute concentration in the cells of roots b. water potential values of leaves and roots; will depend upon the plant species c. equal; the stomata are open d. lower; of the higher solute concentration in the cells of the leaves

d. lower; of the higher solute concentration in the cells of the leaves

You notice that the plants in your field are wilting, a. the water potential of the soil would likely be -600 kPa b. the stomates are closed c. the water potential of the soil would likely be -100 kPa d. the plant cells would be flaccid

d. the plant cells would be flaccid

Vaporization is a. movement of water into an entity that is extremely dry. b. loss of water from the soil surface. c. All the statements above are correct. d. the process of liquid water becoming water vapor.

d. the process of liquid water becoming water vapor.

Choose the best answer for each blank: In general, leaves have a ______ water potential than the roots, because _________.

lower; of the higher solute concentration in the cells of leaves