AHII- HIV

A nurse educator is preparing to discuss immunodeficiency disorders with a group of fellow nurses. What would the nurse identify as the most common secondary immunodeficiency disorder?

AIDs

A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for a group of new graduate nurses. As part of the presentation, the nurse is planning to describe the events that occur once HIV enters the host cell. Which of the following would the nurse describe as the first step?

Attachment

Which of the following indicates that a client with HIV has developed AIDS?

Herpes simplex ulcer persisting for 2 months

The development of a positive HIV antibody test following initial infection generally occurs in which timeframe?

4 weeks

Which of the following is usually the most important consideration in decisions to initiate antiretroviral therapy?

CD4 Counts

A 45-year-old waitress with a history of IV drug use also is HIV-positive. She has been following her antiretroviral medication regimen faithfully and is doing well. She's attending college to get a social work degree and is focused on a bright future. In her regular CD counts, what factor will indicate she has progressed from HIV to AIDS?

CD4 count < 200/mm indicates a diagnosis of AIDs to be made.

A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. The physician wants to perform a diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis. What test might the physician order?

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Which of the following is the first barrier method that can be controlled by the woman?

Female condom

A client with end-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has profound manifestations of Cryptosporidium infection caused by the protozoa. In planning the client's care, the nurse should focus on his need for:

Fluid replacement

A nurse is working in a support group for clients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which point is most important for the nurse to stress?

Following safer-sex practices

Nursing students are reviewing information about the different manifestations associated with AIDS. The students demonstrate understanding of these manifestations when they identify which of the following as the most common HIV-related malignancy?

Kaposi's Sarcoma

Which of the following options should the nurse encourage to replace fluid and electrolyte losses in a patient with AIDS?

Liquids

A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that humoral immunity is provided by which type of white blood cell?

Lymphocyte

HIV is harbored within which type of cell?

Lymphocyte

Which of the following has not been implicated as a factor for noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment?

Past substance abuse

A nurse is preparing to administer saquinavir, which is prescribed for a client who is HIV positive. The nurse integrates knowledge of this drug, identifying it as which of the following?

Protease inhibitor (PI)

Nursing students are reviewing the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They demonstrate understanding of the information when they state which of the following as containing the genetic viral material?

RNA

Which of the following is the greatest risk if the client does not take non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) as prescribed? Choose the correct option.

Rapid onset of drug resistance

A client with human immunodeficiency virus undergoes intradermal anergy testing using Candida and mumps antigen. During the 3 days following the tests, there is no induration or evidence of reaction at the intradermal injection sites. The most accurate conclusion the nurse can make is:

The client is immunodeficient and will not have a skin response

The lower the patient's viral load,

The longer the survival time

Which diagnostic test measures HIV RNA in the plasma?

Viral Load

A nursing student is preparing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency disorder. The student is going to include the cardinal symptoms in teaching. Which of the following would the student include? Choose all that apply.

• Chronic diarrhea • Chronic or recurrent severe infections • Poor response to treatment of infections

When do most perinatal HIV infections occur?

After exposure during delivery

Which stage of HIV infection is indicated when the results are more than 500 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm?

CDC category A: HIV asymptomatic

A home care nurse is visiting a client with AIDS at home. During the visit, the nurse observes the caregiver providing care. Which of the following would alert the nurse to the need for additional teaching for the caregiver?

Cleaning around the anal area without wearing gloves

Which blood test confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV?

ELISA

ELISA stands for:

Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize as most important?

Frequent and thorough handwashing

Which of the following is an early manifestation of HIV encephalopathy?

Headache

A nurse is implementing appropriate infection control precautions for a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse demonstrates a need for a review of transmission routes by identifying which body fluid as a means of transmission?

Urine

The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is

Viral Set Point

The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is

Viral set point

Diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is made by which of the following?

Biopsy

A client is beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The client demonstrates an understanding of the need for follow up when he schedules a return visit for viral load testing at which time?

6 weeks

Which category of HIV disease correlates with asymptomatic AIDS?

A

When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean which of the following?

Antibodies to HIV are not present in his blood.

A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time they eat. The client has AIDS and wants to know what they can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?

Avoid residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine.

When preparing a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for discharge to home, the nurse should be sure to include which instruction?

Avoid sharing things such as toothbrushes and razors

A client who is HIV positive is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which laboratory test result would the nurse expect to find?

Hypokalemia

When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean that

his body has not produced antibodies to the AIDS virus.

A client who is HIV positive has been prescribed antiretroviral drugs. The nurse explains the action of each antiretroviral drug and develops a schedule for the client's self-administration, including strong emphasis about rigidly adhering to the dosage, time and frequency of the administration of the drugs. Why is it important to adhere to the schedule of drug dosing developed for this client?

To avoid resistance to the drugs

Which of the following are antidepressants used in the treatment of AIDS? Select all that apply

• Prozac • Tofranil • Norpramin

Which of the following are modes of transmission for HIV? Select all that apply.

• Seminal fluid • Vaginal secretions • Blood • Amniotic fluid

A child has just been diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency. The parents state, "Oh, no. Our child has AIDS." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Although AIDS is an immune deficiency, your child's condition is different from AIDS."

Other than abstinence, what is the only proven method of decreasing the risk for sexual transmission of HIV infection?

Consistent and correct use of condoms

You are caring for a client who has a diagnosis of HIV. Part of this client's teaching plan is educating the client about his or her medications. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching of this client regarding medications?

Side effects of drugs

There are many ethical issues in the care of clients with HIV or HIV/AIDS. What is an ethical issue healthcare providers deal with when caring for clients with HIV/AIDS?

Disclosure of the patient's condition

A patient comes in to get an EIA test done because her physician suspects AIDS. Which of the following nursing actions is essential before an EIA test is performed?

Obtaining consent from patient

The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance related to pneumocystis pneumonia and increased bronchial secretions for a client with AIDS. Which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care?

Assist with chest physiotherapy every 4-6 hours

A client with AIDS comes to the clinic reporting difficulty swallowing. He says, "It hurts so much when I swallow." Inspection reveals creamy white patches in the client's mouth. Which of the following would the nurse suspect?

Candidias

A client who is HIV positive is receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) that includes a protease inhibitor (PI). The client comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. Assessment reveals lipoatrophy of the face and arms. The client states, "I'm thinking the side effects of the drug are worse than the disease. Look what's happening to me." The nurse would most likely identify which nursing diagnosis as the priority?

Disturbed body image related to loss of fat in the face and arms

A client suspected of having HIV has blood drawn for a screening test. What is the first test generally run to see if a client is, indeed, HIV positive?

ELISA

A client is receiving ganciclovir as part of his treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis. The nurse would monitor the results of the client's laboratory tests for which of the following?

Neutropenia

Students are reviewing information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for a class presentation about preventing the transmission of HIV transmission. Which of the following would the students be least likely to include in their presentation?

Nonlatex lambskin condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV infection

A client with AIDS is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. The nurse most likely would suspect infection with which of the following?

Pneumocystis jiroveci

A client in a late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows signs of AIDS-related dementia. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?

Risk for injury

A client with suspected HIV has had two positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. What diagnostic test would be run next?

Western Blot

A client is given a nursing diagnosis of social isolation related to withdrawal of support systems and stigma associated with AIDS. Which outcomes would indicate that the nurse's plan of care was effective? Select all that apply.

• Client demonstrates beginning participation in events and activities. • Client identifies appropriate sources of assistance and support. • Client verbalizes feelings related to the changes imposed by the disease.

In the interest of public health, the CDC has developed HIV Transmission Prevention strategies. The strategies address the routes that HIV can be transmitted and steps that can be taken to reduce or eliminate transmission. Which categories of risk are addressed by these strategies? Choose all correct options.

• Sexual activity • Illegal drugs