Airmen Leadership School SET A Vol 1 - 3

Perceived Burdensomeness

"I am a burden to others, I do not contribute to the group, and I am a liability to the group's well-being or safety."

Thwarted Belongingness

"I have no connection to others and those previously meaningful relationships that I did have been strained beyond recovery or lost outright."

Bystanders

(witnesses) are people who see the potential for a sexual assault. The bystander may want to act, but may not know what to do. Alternatively, perhaps they do not feel responsible for the actions of others. However, we are all responsible for the safety of each other.

4 signs and symptoms of PTSD

-reliving the event - nightmares, flashbacks, something that may trigger the event (ie gunshot noise) -avoiding situations that remind you of the event -feeling numb - hard to express feelings -feeling keyed up - hyperarousal, jittery, always alert; may become irritable, can't sleep, easily startled

3 sub-skills of attribution

1. Emotion regulation is the ability to manage, modify, and use our emotions toward constructive outcomes. Nonverbal communication scholars describe it as the most important predictor of cross-cultural adjustment and adaptation. 2. Self-monitoring is our ability to detect appropriateness of our social behaviors and self-presentation in response to situational constraints and to adjust our behaviors to fit the situation. 3. Perceptual acuity is the ability to perceive a communication situation accurately. It involves attentiveness to both verbal and nonverbal elements of a conversation and takes into consideration the importance of context.

What four concepts can lead toward negative behavior(s) if individuals do not suspend them before entering into a new culture and define them

1. Ethnocentrism - judging others' cultures against one's own (i.e. superior/inferior) 2. Stereotypes - a fixed or distorted generalization about all members of a particular group that share a particular diversity. 3. Prejudice - is the creation of an adverse or unreasonable opinion about a person or group without gathering all the facts and is usually based on deeply held beliefs. 4. Discrimination - is the visible act or consideration to act in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person/thing belongs, rather than on individual merit.

Combatant Commanders

A COCOM (command authority) provides full authority to organize and employ commands and forces as the CCDR (combatant commander) considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions. Operational control is inherent in a COCOM

Suicide Prevention

A community-based approach that includes family, friends, and many different professional and social service providers that are committed to reducing suicide by creating a safety net that provides protection. They also add support for those in trouble by addressing the entire iceberg of afflictions to individuals, families, and their communities.

Symbols

A culture's values and beliefs are often manifested as symbols, which can be visible or invisible. Symbols can be words, objects, and stories that are meaningful to our culture.

Follower

A follower is someone who chooses to follow a leader because of the leader's character, abilities, and vision

Prejudice

A judgment against or an opinion contrary to anything without just grounds or sufficient knowledge

Leader

A leader is someone who influences others to achieve a goal- strive to display ethical behavior, virtues, and character strengths in their actions as they battle their own vices and idiosyncrasies

Assault

A violent physical or verbal attack, an unlawful threat, or an attempt to do violence or harm to somebody else

_________ organizes, trains, equips, and deploys combat ready forces to support combatant commanders around the globe. a. ACC b. AETC c. AFSOC

A. According to the Joint Organization chapter, Air Combat Command (ACC) organizes, trains, equips and deploys combat ready forces to support combatant commanders around the globe.

During a pre-deployment briefing, A1C Addison asks SSgt Potter, "So how exactly do we contribute in a joint environment?" Potter replies, "It's our job to control the airspace above the battlefield, provide transport for and deliver forces, and protect and sustain any and all troops on the battlefield so that military operations can be successful! Our job becomes even more vital when operations escalate into a full scale war." SSgt Potter's comments BEST explain some of the _____________ and their impact on mission effectiveness. a. Air Force Core Functions b. Principles of Joint Operations c. Range of Military Operations

A. SSgt Potter's comments best explain three of the twelve Air Force Core Functions, which according to the Joint Warfighter chapter includes 1) control the airspace (Air Superiority), 2) provide transport for and deliver forces (Airlift), and 3) protect and sustain any and all troops on the battlefield (Agile Combat Support) so that operations can be successful.

Communicating

Active Listening

Psychological and Sociological Pitfalls ad hominem fallacy ad populum evading the issue/red herring fallacy of false dilemma poisoning the well

Ad Hominem Fallacy - when one is criticizing the person making an argument, not the argument itself (don't believe him, hes bitter I'm ahead in the polls" Ad Populum - bandwagon fallacy is an appeal to the popularity of the claim as a reason for accepting the claim (world's flat because Bill said so) Emotional Appeal - making irrelevant emotional appeals to a claim (make you feel pity, guilt with no logic) Evading the Issue, Red Herring - when one is accused of wrongdoing by diverting attention to an issue irrelevant to the one at hand Fallacy of False Dilemma - intentionally restricting the number of alternatives, thereby omitting relevant alternatives from consideration (you're with us or with terrorists) Poisoning the Well - when one is creating a prejudicial atmosphere against the opposition, making it difficult for the opponent to be received fairly (anyone who supports removing troops from Iraq is a traitor)

What does intellectual humility mean?

Adhering tentatively to recently acquired opinions; Being prepared to examine new evidence and arguments even if such examination leads you to discover flaws in your own cherished beliefs; Stop thinking that complex issues can be reduced to right and wrong or black and white and look at degrees of certainty or shades of gray; Recognizing that "I don't know" can sometimes be the wisest position to take on an issue.

The United States Air Force Major Command Structure

Air Combat Command (ACC) Air Education and Training Command (AETC) Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC) Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) Air Mobility Command (AMC) Pacific Air Force (PACAF) US Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC)

AFI for dress and appearance

Air Force Instruction (AFI) 36-2903. Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel

What are some of the benefits of good time management?

Allows me to focus on important items first Allows time to read, study, and practice Prevents/avoids procrastination Prevents having to rush at the last minute to complete an assignment Reduces / eliminates stress associated with falling behind Allows free time to relax more

The Use of Language - Ambiguity Assuring expression meaningless comparisons doublespeak jargon emotive content false implications

Ambiguity- A word or expression that can be understood in more than one way Assuring Expression - those that disarm you from questioning the validity of an argument; Expressions such as "As everyone knows..." and "Common sense tells us that..." can often lead a person to believe something that is not true. Meaningless Comparisons - language that implies something is superior but retreats from that view; battery lasts "up to 30% longer, but does not say it will last 30% longer." If a battery does last up to 30% longer...what is it lasting longer than? Doublespeak Jargon - use of technical language to make the simple seem complex, the trivial seem profound, or the insignificant seem important, all done intentionally to impress others Emotive Content - intentional use of words to arouse feelings about a subject to bias others positively or negatively, in order to gain influence or power; the military using the phrase "neutralizing the opposition" (less negative) than saying something like "killing". False Implications - use of language that is clear and accurate but misleading because it suggests something false.

Extrapolation

Answers the questions "what do you think could have happened next...?" and "what can you predict...?"

Interpretation

Answers the questions "what was the main idea...?" "can you distinguish between...?" and "what is the relationship between...?"

Racism

Any attitude or action of a person or institutional structure that subordinates a person or group because of race.

Drug paraphernalia

Any equipment, product, or material that is used, intended to be used, or designed to be used in planting, propagating, cultivating, manufacturing, growing, harvesting, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, or introducing a controlled substance into a human body by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or otherwise.

Faulty Logic or Perception- apophenia and superstition argument from ignorance false analogies pragmatic fallacy slippery slope fallacy

Apophenia and Superstition - erroneous perception of the connections between unrelated events; wearing their hat while watching a football game can influence the score Argument from Ignorance - logical fallacy claiming something is true because it has not been proven false False Analogies - making illogical analogies to support the validity of a particular claim Irrelevant Comparison - making a comparison that is irrelevant or inappropriate (apples to oranges) Pragmatic Fallacy - arguing something is true because "it works," even though the cause of this something and the outcome are not demonstrated Slippery Slope Fallacy - an argument that assumes an adverse chain of events will occur, but offers no proof (controlled smoking areas = controlling everyone's lives)

McClelland's Need Theory and three needs associated

Argues that for a reward to be appropriate, accepted, and effective; it must fulfill a member's needs; Based on his theory, there are three primary needs a person must satisfy to be motivated: need for achievement need for affiliation need for power

Wingman concept- ACE

Ask, Care, Escort

Assure/Dissuade/Deter

Assure/Dissuade/Deter others from acquiring or proliferating weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and the means to deliver them.

Orient

Attempting to make sense of what we are observing by categorizing (organizing) the data in a practical way that is useful to us.

Sexism

Attitudes and beliefs that one sex is superior to another.

_____ promotes cooperation among nations, responds to crises, and deters or defeats state and nonstate aggression, and supports development and, when necessary, reconstruction in order to establish the conditions for regional security, stability, and prosperity. a. USSOCOM b. USCENTCOM c. USSOUTHCOM

B. According to the Joint Organization chapter, USCENTCOM promotes cooperation among nations, responds to crises, and deters or defeats state and nonstate aggression, and supports development and, when necessary, reconstruction in order to establish the conditions for regional security, stability, and prosperity.

After gaining experience with a local law enforcement team, SSgt Lee deploys in support of a short term operation to enforce peace in an unstable nation. After a nighttime flight into the area, Lee's team exits the helicopter and stays alert for hostile forces. Once they reach the entry control point the commander greets them and tells them to prepare for a combat patrol. The scenario BEST illustrates ____________ and their impact on mission effectiveness. a. major operations and campaigns b. crisis response and limited contingency operations c. military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence

B. This scenario illustrates crisis response and limited contingency operations, which according to the Joint Warfighter chapter are small-scale, limited duration operations, such as strikes, raids, and peace enforcement, which might include combat depending on the circumstances

12 Targets to Enhance Resilience and Operational Performance

Be a wingman, "comm" check (properly communicate with people), Lead from the front, mental Rehearsal, Nutrition, physical fitness, problem solving, Purpose=Y (understand your purpose, role, reasons for serving), Recharge, Situational awareness, strategic thinking, tactical breathing

The *blank* temperament values Interpersonal interaction and close relationships

Blue

Aggravated assault

Causing serious physical injury to another; using a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument; committing an assault by any means of force that causes temporary but substantial disfigurement, temporary but substantial loss or impairment of any body organ or part or a fracture of any body part; committing an assault while the victim is bound or otherwise physically restrained or while the victim's capacity to resist is substantially impaired.

Managing organizations and resources

Change management

Definition of Learning

Changes the way a person thinks, feels or behaves

Questions Focused on Intellectual Standards

Clarity Accuracy Precision - asking for more details or specifics Relevance - quality of being directly connected with and important to something else Depth - encompasses finding out how your answer addresses the complexities in the question Breadth - open and tolerant view of things, other viewpoints Logic Significance Fairness - implies the treating of all relevant viewpoints alike without reference to one's own feeling or interest

3C Skills

Communicate- to avoid misunderstandings; Negotiate- to overcome differences and resolve conflicts; and Relate- with individuals from other cultures to work effectively

Hindrances To Critical Thinking - Basic Human Limitations Confirmation Bias and Selective Thinking False Memories and Confabulation Personal Biases and Prejudices Physical and Emotional Hindrances Testimonial Evidence

Confirmation Bias and Selective Thinking - one tends to notice and look for what confirms one's beliefs, and to ignore, not look for, or undervalue what contradicts one's beliefs False Memories and Confabulation - being unaware that your memories are often "manufactured" to fill in the gaps in our recollection, or that some memories of facts, over time, can be unconsciously replaced with fantasy (police not showing witness of possible assailant before line ups) Personal Biases and Prejudices - Resist your own biases by focusing on the facts, their sources, and the reasoning in support of arguments Physical and Emotional Hindrances - stress, fatigue, drugs, and related hindrances Testimonial Evidence - should not rely on the testimonies and vivid stories of others to substantiate one's own beliefs, testimonies are inherently subjective, inaccurate, unreliable, biased, and occasionally fraudulent

Ethical Traps

Confusion or uncertainly as to what actions or behaviors to take because of conflicting opinions/values - Ethical Relativism - making decisions based on personal values/beliefs rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct - Loyalty Syndrome - making decisions based on respect and/or loyalty to an individual, unit, or organization etc. rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct - Worry Over Image - making decisions based on how they impact one's reputation/standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, community etc. rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct. - Drive for Success - making decisions based on a "win at all cost" attitude rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct.

Integrity First

Courage, Honor, Responsibility, Accountability, Justice, Openness, Self-Respect, Humility

What traits are covered in "integrity first"

Courage, honesty, responsibility, accountability, justice, openness, self-respect, humility

Approaches for Evaluating Information

Credible - Information that is believable, from a trustworthy source (experts in a particular field, subject matter experts, Air Force leadership, etc.). Unbiased - Information that is fair, impartial, rather than prejudiced. Accurate - Information that is free from error, a correct or truthful representation of something

Culture

Culture is a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is shaped by many factors, including history, religion, politics, and resources (financial, informational, technological, material, energy, warfare, and human)

Leading people

Diversity

How can you avoid getting "burnt out"?

Don't be caught off guard Follow a set schedule Get organized (prioritize tasks/assignments) Don't procrastinate Budget time for work and play (avoid burnout)

"date rape" drugs

Drug-facilitated rape occurs when a perpetrator uses a substance that incapacitates another individual so that the perpetrator can sexually assault him or her.

4 Dimensions of Wellness

Emotional, Physical, Spirtual, Social

Embodies airmen culture

Ethical leadership

Stereotype

Exaggerated belief about a category of people. It rationalizes our conduct toward that category

Ethical Decision Making - There are three qualities individuals must possess to make ethical decisions

First is the ability to recognize ethical issues and to reason through the ethical consequences of decisions, while being able to see second and third order effects. Second is the ability to look at alternative points of view, deciding what is right in a particular set of circumstancesThird is the ability to deal with ambiguity and uncertainty; making a decision on the best information available

Enterprise Perspective

Global, regional and cultural awareness

People who prefer the *blank* temperament are goal oriented, ready to complete any task requiring little prompting or encouragement.

Gold

The *blank* temperament values competence in themselves and others and can quickly develop contempt for individuals they consider incompetent

Green

Operational doctrine

Guides the proper organization and employment of forces in the context of distinct objectives, force capabilities, broad functional areas and operational environments

US Central Command (USCENTCOM)

HQ: MacDill Air Force Base, Florida Middle East, Egypt, and Central Asia promotes cooperation among nations, responds to crises, deters or defeats state and nonstate aggression, and supports development and, when necessary, reconstruction in order to establish the conditions for regional security, stability, and prosperity.

What does it mean to have a high motivation to become a critical thinker?

Having a natural curiosity to further your understanding; Putting in the work to evaluate the multiple sides of an issue; reaching a sufficient level of understanding.

What does it mean to be a free thinker?

Having an independent mind and being able to restrain yourself from the desire to believe because of social pressures to conform.

Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC)

Headquarters: Barksdale AFB, Louisiana Newly activated: 7AUG2009 develops and provides combat-ready forces for nuclear deterrence and global strike operations—safe, secure, effective—to support the President of the United States and combatant commanders

US Pacific Command (USPACOM)

Headquarters: Camp H. M. Smith, Hawaii encompasses about half of the earth's surface, stretching from the waters off the west coast of the US to the western border of India and from Antarctica to the North Pole protects and defends, in concert with other US Government agencies, the territory of the United States, its people, and its interests; encouraging peaceful development, security cooperation, deterring aggression, when necessary.. fight to win. based on partnership, presence and military readiness.

Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC)

Headquarters: Hurlburt Field, Florida responsible to US Special Operations Command for the readiness of Air Force special operations forces to conduct the war on terrorism and to disrupt, defeat, and destroy terrorist networks that threaten the United States, its citizens, and interests worldwide.

Pacific Air Force (PACAF)`

Headquarters: Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii provides USPACOM integrated expeditionary Air Force capabilities to defend the homeland, promote stability, dissuade/deter aggression, and swiftly defeat enemies

Air Combat Command (ACC)

Headquarters: Langley AFB, Virginia Air Combat Command organizes, trains, equips and deploys combat ready forces to support combatant commanders around the globe; operates fighter, attack, bomber, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), combat search and rescue, battle-management, electronic-combat, and unmanned aircraft system platforms; conducts information operations and provides command, control, communications, and intelligence systems to theater commanders and combat forces

US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)

Headquarters: MacDill AFB, Florida Unified Combatant Command charged with overseeing the various Special Operations Commands of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps of the United States Armed Forces. conducts several covert and clandestine missions, such as unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, special reconnaissance, psychological operations, civil affairs, direct action, counter-terrorism and war on drugs operations

US Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM)

Headquarters: Miami, Florida responsible for providing contingency planning, operations, and security cooperation

US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM)

Headquarters: Offutt AFB, Nebraska charged with space operations (such as military satellites), information operations (such as information warfare), missile defense, global command and control, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), global strike and strategic deterrence (the United States nuclear arsenal), and combating weapons of mass destruction

US Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)

Headquarters: Peterson AFB, Colorado air, land, and sea approaches and encompasses the continental United States, Alaska, Canada, Mexico and surrounding water out to approximately 500 nautical miles. responsible for theater security cooperation with Canada, Mexico, and the Bahamas; conducts homeland defense, civil support, and security cooperation to defend and secure the United States and its interests.

Air Force Space Command (AFSPC)

Headquarters: Peterson AFB, Colorado responsible for organizing, training, and equipping mission-ready space and cyberspace forces and capabilities for North American Aerospace Defense Command, US Strategic Command, and other combatant commands world-wide; oversees Air Force network operations to provide capabilities in, through, and from cyberspace, manages a global network of satellites, and is responsible for space system development and acquisition.

US Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)

Headquarters: Ramstein Air Base, Germany executes the USEUCOM mission with forward-based air power to provide forces for global operations, ensure strategic access, assure allies, deter aggression and build partnerships.

Air Education and Training Command (AETC)

Headquarters: Randolph AFB, Texas develops America's Airmen for tomorrow; provides basic military training, initial and advanced technical training, flying training, medical training, space and missile training, cyber training, and professional military and degree-granting professional education

Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)

Headquarters: Robins AFB, Georgia provides personnel to augment the active duty community to carry out the warfighting mission with approximately 14% of the total force while spanning a wide variety of missions such as: space, flight testing, special operations, aerial port operations, civil engineering, security forces, intelligence, military training, communications, mobility support, transportation, and services.

US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM)

Headquarters: Scott AFB, Illinois As the single manager of America's global defense transportation system, USTRANSCOM is tasked with the coordination of people and transportation assets to allow the US to project and sustain forces, whenever, wherever, and for as long as they are needed.

Air Mobility Command (AMC)

Headquarters: Scott AFB, Illinois provides airlift and aerial refueling for all of America's armed forces; has many special-duty and operational support aircraft and plays a crucial role in providing humanitarian support at home and around the world

US European Command (USEUCOM)

Headquarters: Stuttgart, Germany all of Europe, large portions of Asia, parts of the Middle East and the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans responsible for US military relations with NATO and 51 countries on two continents with a total population of close to a billion people. conducts military operations, international military partnering, and interagency partnering to enhance transatlantic security and defend the United States forward.

Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC)

Headquarters: Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio AFMC conducts research, development, and test and evaluation, and provides acquisition management services and logistics support necessary to keep Air Force weapon systems ready for war.

Suicide Awareness

Heightened individual and community awareness of suicide, suicide risk factors, and the fact that suicide is only the "tip of the iceberg" of psychosocial problems

Holism

Holism means that all the parts of a culture are interconnected and integrated. ie) change in one area (women's rights, for example) will affect change in another area (family structure, distribution of income)

Primary Ethical values

Honesty, integrity, loyalty, Accountability, fairness, caring, respect, promise keeping, responsible citizenship, pursuit of excellence

IDDP Structured Thinking Process

Identify, Differentiate, Determine, Predict

Risk Factors

Includes, but are not exclusively limited to, relationship difficulties, substance abuse, legal, financial, medical, mental health, and occupational problems, along with depression, social isolation, and previous suicide threats/gestures, which may increase the probability of self-harm.

Personal Discrimination

Individual actions taken to deprive a person or group of a right because of color, national origin, race, religion, or sex. Such discrimination can occur overtly, covertly, intentionally, or unintentionally

4 I's of transformational leadership

Individualized Consideration (Nurturing): empathizes with others, treat others as individuals as individuals with different needs, acts as mentor. Intellectual Stimulation(Thinking): Values learning, unexpected situations are learn and grow, stimulate and encourage followers as independent thinkers. Inspirational Motivation (Charming): Help followers develop a strong sense of purpose and expresses confidence to followers, requires teamwork, presents vision clear with expert communication skills. Idealized Influence (Influencing): Display high levels of morals & virtues, strong work ethic, represent org well and encourage others to too, trustworthy, set aside self interests for the good of group

Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic (internal) motivation occurs when one experiences the positive feelings a task, activity, and the effort of doing their best generates within him or her. The rewards is internal and personal like self-fulfillment (achievement), personal gratification (enjoyment) and happiness

US Africa Command (USAFRICOM)

Kelley Barracks, Stuttgart, Germany responsible for US military relations with 53 African countries, including the islands of Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, and Sao Tome and Principe,the Indian Ocean islands of Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles. committed to supporting US government objectives through the delivery and sustainment of effective security cooperation programs that assist African nations build their security capacity to enable them to better provide for their own defense.

Cross-cultural communication

Knowledge, motivation, and skills to interact effectively and appropriately with members of different cultures

Passive Leadership Laissez-Faire (the "non-leadership") Management by Exception-Passive (MBE-P)

Laissez-Faire (the "non-leadership"): View the development of their subordinates as someone else's problem, Abandon or pass on their responsibilities to others, Fail to respond urgently to critical situations, Remain indifferent toward important issues, Are hesitant to make decisions or deal with chronic problems Management by Exception-Passive (MBE-P): Elects to sit back and wait for things to go wrong before taking action, Intervenes only if standards are not being met based on in-place control measures, Will hold subordinates accountable if they fail to meet standards (followers tend to not trust, show little commitment/motivation)

Deglamorize

Leaders can deglamorize alcohol by not exceeding alcohol consumption limits at unit functions and/or during off-duty celebrations with co-workers, bragging about weekend binges, not serving alcohol to minors, playing games that promote high alcohol consumption.

Prevention

Leaders must promote an environment that encourages members to come forward and seek help.

Macro-cultures

Macro-cultures are the most powerful or the most widely practiced cultures in a particular society, whether the society is a region or an entire country. ie) United States the "American" macro-culture would be described as predominantly Euro-American, Christian, since those are both the most prevalent groups in the American society.

Courtesies

Marks of respect, etiquette or courteous behavior shown to persons or symbols

range of military operations

Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and Deterrence- ongoing routine activities that establish, shape, maintain, and refine relations with other nations, international organizations (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and domestic civil authorities (e.g., state governors or local law enforcement). Crisis Response and Limited Contingency Operations - small-scale, limited duration operations, such as strikes, raids, and peace enforcement, which might include combat depending on the circumstances. Major Operations and Campaigns - extended duration, large-scale operations that usually involve combat; major operation is a series of related tactical actions, such as battles, engagements, and strikes; campaign is a series of related major operations

Distress

Negative stress; losing, failing, overworking and not coping

Fostering Collaborative Relationships

Negotiating

Inaction

Not taking action associated with workplace violence when warning signs are evident.

The OODA Loop

Observe, Orient, Decide, Act

Transformational Leadership

Offers followers a vision and inspires them to complete their mission, Inspires followers to exceed their goals, Promote positive and meaningful changes, Uses the "4 Is" to influence and "transform" others

Extrinsic Motivation

On the other hand, extrinsic motivation drives people to do things in order to attain a specific outcome (external). These people are fueled by their desire to achieve (or avoid) some external result or reward for their behavior.

Characteristics That Embody A Proficient Critical Thinker

Open-mindedness and healthy skepticism; Intellectual humility; Free thinker; Highly motivated;

what are the Two Distinct Branches of the Chains of Command

Operational - The operational chain of command is used to employ forces and begins with the President, through the SecDef, and onto the combatant commanders (CCDRs). Administrative - The administrative chain of command is used to recruit, organize, train, and equip forces. It also begins with the President, through the SecDef, but proceeds to the Secretaries of the military departments

Employing military capabilities

Operational and Strategic Art

The *blank* temperament values competitiveness, hands on work, and people who prefer this temperament work as hard as they play.

Orange

sources of stress

Organization factors: task demands (related to a persons job) role demands (pressures on a person in the role they play in org) interpersonal demands (pressures created by others) org structure (structural variables) org leadership (managerial styles of org seniors) individual factors

Ethical principals - three O's

Owing, ordering, oughting must know who (US Constitution, Air Force, Unit) and what you owe; display proper ordering of ethical priorities and understand what you should, or ought to do

Excellence in All We Do

Personal Excellence, Resources Excellence (material and human) Operations Excellence, Product/Service Excellence, Community Excellence (mutual respect and benefit of doubt)

Consequences of stress

Phsyiological (hypertension, headaches) Psychological (anxiety, irritability) Behavioral (change in habits, speech, sleep)

What is PTSD

Post traumatic stress disorder- an anxiety disorder that may occur in an individual following exposure to a traumatic event

Educate

Prevent substance use - abuse disorder by educating (and mentoring) Airmen on the negative consequences and dangers of excessive alcohol use, on the zero tolerance policy for drug abuse and role modeling responsible use of alcohol

Ethical principals - three P's

Principle, purpose, people Airmen must put principle (truth telling and honor) first; purpose (mission accomplishment and duty) second; and people (fellow citizens, Airmen, etc.) third.

Basic doctrine

Provides a broad, fundamental and continual guidance on how the United States forces are organized, trained, equipped, sustained and employed

Punishment

Punishment is where the leader presents an adverse event or outcome that causes a decrease in undesirable behavior. There are two kinds of punishment: Positive and negative

Questions Using Elements of Thought - Purpose Questions Information Inferences/Conclusions Concepts Assumptions Implications/Consequences Point of View

Purpose - What am I trying to accomplish? What is my central aim/purpose? Questions - What question am I raising? What question am I addressing? Am I considering the complexities in the question? Information - What information am I using in coming to that conclusion? What experience have I had to support this claim? What information do I need to settle the question? Inferences/Conclusions - How did I reach this conclusion? Is there another way to interpret the information? Concepts - What is the main idea here? Can I explain this idea? Assumptions - What am I taking for granted? What assumption has led me to that conclusion? Implications/Consequences -If someone accepted my position, what would be the implications? What am I implying? Point of View - From what point of view am I looking at this issue? Is there another point of view I should consider?

Translation

Putting things in your own words

System Thinking Approaches to Decision Making

Reactive Thinking (System - 1) decision based entirely from reactive thinking you may look back and ask yourself, "What was I thinking?" The answer - "probably not a whole lot!" Reflective Thinking (System - 2) It is useful for judgments in unfamiliar situations, for processing abstract concepts, and for deliberating when there is time for planning and more comprehensive consideration.

What is system 1 and system 2 thinking?

Reactive thinking involves deciding first, reacting, and then trying to make sense of it all. Automatic (reactive) decisions that are made based on instinct, intuition based upon expertise, training, and practice. Reflective thinking begins with a state of doubt, hesitation, or perplexity and moves through the act of searching for information that will resolve, clarify, or address the situation/problem.

Emotional Health

Relationship and financial problems, family crisis, grief and loss, experiencing failure, illness, or injury, difficulty adjusting to a new life change, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), career problems, and low self-esteem.

What are the first two concepts help to maintain motivation (positive attitudes) when exposed to new cultures?

Relativism (as an attitude) Relativism (as an behavior)

Additional Principles of Joint Operations

Restraint- disciplined application of military force appropriate to the situation Perseverance- encompasses the patient, resolute, and persistent pursuit of national goals and objectives for as long as necessary to achieve them Legitimacy- important in reducing the threat to US forces Unity of Effort- critical during interagency operations and is best achieved through consensus building.

Service before Self

Rule following, Faith in the system, Respect for others, self-discipline, self-control

Ethical principals - three R's

Rules, results, reality the rules that give a person ethical guidance. The situation, circumstances, or realities influence if the rules are followed. Don't forget to consider the results or consequences of decisions and actions beforehand.

How can you ensure you're using your time wisely?

Scheduling- your ability to manage your time properly Self Discipline- complete required course readings, exercises, and examinations Dealing with Distractions- make sure that when you are working on the task at hand you are focused on that and nothing else Overcoming Procrastination- prioritize tasks

Sexual harassment

Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that involves unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature

Complaint

Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that involves unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when

Ethical Dilemma

Situations where one is forced to choose between two alternatives (both alternatives can be unfavorable and/or less right and more right or less wrong and more wrong).

What is stress?

Stress is defined as the reaction our bodies experience to an external demand by our continually changing environment. It has physical and emotional effects on us, and can create positive or negative feelings or behaviors

Tactical doctrine

Tactical doctrine describes the proper employment of specific Air Force assets, individually or in concert with other assets to accomplish detailed objectives

Elements of the EPME Learning Process*

Take Notes- overview/outline and include main ideas and enough supporting details to make the main idea clear Study- instead of memorizing, seek to understand Practice- reinforces knowledge, builds self confidence Formative exercises- indicated preparedness for summative exams Testing- one indicator for how well you've learned Summative evaluation- determine if you have met the learning objectives Lifelong learner- apply information after graduation and continue learning

Relativism (as a behavior)

Temporarily suspending one's own culturally informed opinion and thinking about how others might interpret or value a situation.

AFI 36-2618, The Enlisted Force Structure

The Enlisted Force Structure outlines roles, responsibilities, and expectations for enlisted members in each enlisted tier and describes official terms of address for enlisted members

Observe

The Observation step involves focused attention on your environment and gathering information through all five senses.

Culture General

The ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to achieve the desired effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language

Compliance

The act or process of complying to a desire, demand, proposal, or regimen or to coercion, 2. Conformity in fulfilling official requirements, or 3. Disposition to yield to others.

Systemic Discrimination

The action by an institution (or system) that, through its policies or procedures, deprives a person or group of a right because of color, national origin, race, religion, or sex. Such discrimination can occur overtly, covertly, intentionally, or unintentionally.

Military ethics

The art of observing those moral obligations and precepts that is appropriate to a person's role within the military profession

Relativism (as an attitude)

The conviction that the beliefs and practices of others are best understood in light of the particular cultures where they are found.

Ethnocentrism

The human tendency to negatively judge others (cultures, behaviors, values) against our own values and beliefs.

Human Relations Climate

The prevailing perceptions of individuals concerning interpersonal relationships within their working, living, and social environment

Learning

The process that changes the way people think, feel, or behave

Workplace bullying

The repeated, unreasonable, and unwanted actions by individuals or groups directed at individuals or groups with the intent to intimidate, harass, degrade, or offend

Equal Opportunity

The right of all persons to participate in, and benefit from, programs and activities for which they are qualified. These programs and activities shall be free from social, personal, or institutional barriers that prevent people from rising to the highest level of responsibility possible. Persons shall be evaluated on individual merit, fitness, and capability, regardless of race, color, sex, national origin, or religion

Worldview

The sum of beliefs and values that people use to define and interpret the world, and their place within it

Substance Abuse Disorder (SUD)

The use of any illicit drug or the misuse of any prescribed medication or the abuse of alcohol - abuse meaning pattern of unconventional misuse

AFI 36-2909, Professional and Unprofessional Relationships

This AFI establishes command, supervisory and personal responsibilities for maintaining professional relationships between AF Members and civilian employees of the Department of Defense, to include AF civilian employees, and between AF members and government contractors.

Predict

This final step allows you to demonstrate your ability to answer the question, "What would happen if?" That is to make predictions or extensions of consequences or trends based on the information in the scenario rather than on information brought from other experiences. Additionally, it provides an opportunity for you to practice high-order thinking

Differentiate

This second step allows you to demonstrate your ability to distinguish whether actions, decisions, or behaviors described in the scenario are appropriate/inappropriate, effective/ineffective, or most effective according to lesson concepts and principles

Spiritual Health

This type of wellness determines one's ability to find comfort, meaning, and hope when faced with difficult and often tragic circumstances, allowing them to return to a state of psychological well-being.

Social Health

This type of wellness requires a support network consisting of family, friends, and coworkers and offers tremendous benefits for your health and wellness especially when dealing with difficult situations.

Physical Health

This type of wellness requires one to focus on five specific components: Cardio-respiratory endurance, Muscular endurance, Muscular strength, Body composition, and Flexibility.

JACA- Acronym for what?

Tool for predicting the likelihood of future workplace violence (J) Perceived Justification: Does the person feel justified in using violence? (A) Perceived Alternatives: Does the person perceive available alternatives to violence? (C) Perceived Consequences: How does the person view the consequences associated with using violence? (A) Perceived Ability: Does the person believe he/she can successfully deliver the blow, bullet, or bomb?

4 examples of leadership theory

Trait Theory Skills Theory Situational Leadership Theory Contingency Theory

Transactional Leadership Management by Exception-Active (MBE-A) Contingent Rewards

Transactional Leadership centers on the 'transaction' between the leader and the follower MBE-A: Best in critical/high stakes situations: corrective transaction: Controls followers through forced compliance with rules, regulations, and expectations, Is more concerned with identifying problems and correcting them than trends in performance, Closely monitors performance for errors, Focuses attention on errors or deviations from the standards, Wants to know if and when problems occur Contingent Rewards: constructive transaction: Sets goals, clarifies roles, and explains expectations, Uses extrinsic motivation to get followers to achieve goals. When the follower fulfills the leader's expectations, a reward is provided to reinforce the demonstrated positive behavior, Actively monitors progress and provides supportive feedback

6 Geographic Organized Combatant Commands

US Africa Command (USAFRICOM) US Central Command (USCENTCOM) US European Command (USEUCOM) US Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) US Pacific Command (USPACOM) US Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM)

3 functional combatant commands

US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM)

Strategic Level Command and Control

US determines national or multinational security objectives and guidance, and develops and uses national resources to accomplish these objectives

Principles of War

Unity of Command- concentration of effort for every objective under one responsible commander for one common objective Offensive - act rather than react; dictate the time, place, purpose, scope, intensity, and pace of operations Objective- holds that political and military goals should be complementary and clearly articulated. Mass- concentrate the effects of combat power at the most advantageous place and time to achieve decisive results Maneuver- places the enemy in a position of disadvantage through the flexible application of combat power in a multidimensional combat space Economy of Force- rational use of force by selecting the best mix of air, space, and cyberspace capabilities Security- ensure that the enemy NEVER acquires and unexpected advantage Surprise- leverages the security principle by attacking the enemy at a time, place, or in a manner for which they are not prepared Simplicity- avoiding unnecessary complexity in organizing, preparing, planning, and conducting military operations

Determine

When actions, decisions, or behaviors described in a scenario are inappropriate or ineffective, this third step allows you to demonstrate your ability to determine an appropriate and/or effective course of action based on your understanding of lesson concepts and principles

Overconfidence

When one responds to a workplace violence incident with an "I can handle it" attitude when the right thing to do is consult with professional help.

What is open-mindedness?

Willingness to investigate viewpoints different from your own and ability to recognize when to doubt claims that do not merit such investigation

Workplace violence

Workplace violence can be any act of violence, against persons or property, threats, intimidation, harassment, or other inappropriate, disruptive behavior that cause fear for personal safety and/or involve a substantial risk of physical or emotional harm to individuals, or damage to government resources or capabilities

Schema

a cognitive "shortcut" that helps us organize and interpret the vast amount of information that exists in our environment.

Airspace Control

a process used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace

A1C Royce works at the base chapel. Over the last week, Royce has been late three times. This morning he strolls in a half hour late and as his supervisor presents him with paperwork, he asks, "Why can't you come in on time? I need you here to take care of phone calls and our visitors, especially first thing in the morning." Royce replies, "As chapel assistants, we don't actually counsel people or make a difference, so what's the big deal if I'm a few minutes late? Besides, you know my wife just gave me divorce papers, I could use a little understanding from you while I get through this trying time in my life." A1C Royce's initial comments BEST illustrate a failure to understand _______ impact on mission effectiveness. a. the profession of arms and its b. direction, discipline, and recognition and their c. the profession of arms and warrior ethos and their

a. CORRECT: A1C Royce's actions illustrate a failure to understand the profession of arms. According to the Airmanship lesson, the profession of arms includes a body of theory and specialized knowledge, a public service orientation, and a distinct subculture. Clergy and the military are specific examples in the student guide. Additionally, the profession of arms includes occupations where there is "an element of selflessness, a sense that one's personal actions serve the greater good." Military chaplain assistants are certainly an example of this concept.

During a Nuclear Surety Inspection, Chief Amber briefs the inspection team, "Our systems are built with certain principles, strict criteria, and with different techniques that ensure our nuclear systems are dependable and free from environmental risks and threats. They are also designed within the constraints of operational effectiveness, time, and cost throughout their life cycle. Because of this, we have a lower risk of unintentional nuclear weapon release." Chief Amber's comments BEST explain ___________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. key elements of nuclear safety b. passive nuclear security measures c. key components of nuclear reliability

a. CORRECT: Chief Amber's comments explain nuclear safety, which according to the Nuclear Enterprise lesson, is the application of engineering and management principles, criteria, and techniques to protect nuclear weapons against the risks and threats inherent in their environments within the constraints of operational effectiveness, time, and cost throughout all phases of their life cycle. The DoD Nuclear Weapon System Safety Program consists of key elements for program guidance, system evaluation, safety assurance, and for the conduct of safe nuclear weapon system operations. According to the DoD Nuclear Weapon System Safety Standards, four qualitative standards are used in the evaluation of the safety of a nuclear weapon system, beginning as early as possible during development and continuing throughout a weapon system's life cycle.

During a staff meeting, SSgt Bank says, "If you are the victim of unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that causes an offensive or hostile working environment, you need to report this immediately. In addition, if you are the victim of threats, harassment, or behavior that causes fear for your personal safety, this is something you need to report through the chain of command. Finally, another area you don't have to endure alone is if someone has forced abusive sexual contact with you. As your supervisor, I need you all to be able to focus and trust your fellow Airmen." SSgt Bank's final comments BEST explain _________ and its impact on unit effectiveness. a. Sexual Assault b. Sexual Harassment c. Workplace Violence

a. CORRECT: SSgt Bank's final comments best explain sexual assault which, according to the Emergent Leadership Issues lesson, is defined as "the intentional sexual contact, characterized by use of force, threats, intimidation, abuse of authority, or when the victim does not or cannot consent. Sexual assault includes rape, forcible sodomy (oral or anal sex), and other unwanted sexual contact that is aggravated, abusive, or wrongful (to include unwanted and inappropriate sexual contact), or attempts to commit these acts. Sexual assaults can occur without regard to gender or spousal relationship or age of victim. When sexual assault occurs by an Airman against another Airman, trust is broken, cohesion is destroyed, and lives are altered. Rebuilding trust, cohesion, and lives can take a long time.

1. Speaking to his boss, SSgt Binder says, I've always been taught to spend all the funds in our account. Otherwise, we lose that for good. Should we spend the funds left in our account on things we do not really need? Binder's boss responds, "you are the expert on resources...what do you think?" Binder replies, "I don't know." After Binder asks questions to find the facts and examines the issue from different viewpoints, he decides not to spend the funds. The following year, Binder's budget is cut by the amount he did not spend. SSgt Binder's final actions BEST illustrate __________ impact on mission effectiveness. a. proficient critical thinking and its b. critical thinking hindrance and their c. System 1 approach to decision making and its

a. CORRECT: SSgt Binder's comments best illustrate proficient critical thinking, which according to the Critical Thinking chapter, includes the characteristics of 1) open-mindedness, 2) healthy skepticism, and 3) intellectual humility. Binder shows open-mindedness and healthy skepticism when he asks questions to find the facts and examine issues from different sides. He shows intellectual humility by saying, "I don't know." Because of Binder's decision, his budget is now aligned with mission requirements and the extra money can be used for other mission priorities.

4. During her mid-term feedback with SrA Duck, TSgt Wilson says, "I am very impressed with how you completed that last big project. It was extremely demanding both physically and mentally and you completed it with a bold and fearless attitude." Embarrassed Duck admits, "I've never thought of myself as bold and fearless. I just like to be challenged." TSgt Wilson replies, "In that case, I have another assignment that requires someone with your competitive spirit. Interested?" Duck responds, "Absolutely!" TSgt Wilson's comments BEST illustrate her understanding of ____________ impact on NCO effectiveness. a. temperaments and their b. blind spots and their c. maturity and its

a. CORRECT: The scenario shows that TSgt Wilson understands SrA Duck's need for work that is exciting and physically challenging, which are attributes of an Orange temperament. According to the Four Lenses chapter, the orange represents those that prefer excitement.

While talking with another instructor, TSgt Bright says, "I'm concerned about SrA Tall, one of my students. She completes all assignments and I know she takes notes because she shares them with the flight, but she barely passed her briefing evaluations, which I believe is due to the flight helping her practice so much. Although I have seen her study with the flight, most of the time she studies alone. This morning she failed the formative exercise, by one question, and failed to meet the academic standard. I counseled her about additional study but I'm not sure she can pass the summative." SrA Tall's use of ____________ will MOST LIKELY earn her _______________. a. effective use of the elements of the Learning Process; enhance b. ineffective use of the elements of the Learning Process; hinder c. effective use of the IDDP Structured Thinking Process; enhance d. ineffective use of the IDDP Structured Thinking Process; enhance

a. effective use of the elements of the Learning Process; enhance

Agile Combat Support

ability to field, protect, and sustain Air Force forces across the range of military operations to achieve joint effects

Cross-Cultural Competence (3C)

ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to achieve the desired effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language

coalition

ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action. Coalitions are formed by different nations with different objectives, usually for a single occasion or for longer cooperation in a narrow sector of common interest

Strategic thinking

adaptability

Receiving

affective domain's first level of learning; learners pay attention and actively receive

Responding

affective domain's second level of learning; involves some sort of action or response; reflect interests and activities that bring personal satisfaction

Valuing

affective domain's third level of learning; ranges from simple acceptance to the more complex state of commitment; A person at the valuing level responds to a message or action by assigning some worth or value to them.

Micro-cultures

also called subcultures; They are described as a group of people living within a larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, status, or interests that are different from the macro-culture or the rest of society ie) sports fan? you are part of a micro-culture

Stressor

any mental or physical challenge or challenges

Lifelong learner

apply information after graduation and continue learning

Performance Level

at this level understand and appreciate the rewards and benefits of doing more than those at the membership level; bring their complaints and problems to leadership's attention and may offer solutions

Recently promoted, SSgt Dooney is well respected and liked throughout the work center. Although he is in charge, he still desires to have the same relationship with his former peers, so he makes decisions based on their desires. As a result, the work center has missed several important deadlines and Dooney is having a hard time getting people to accomplish even the simplest mission related tasks. SSgt Dooney's actions BEST illustrate ______. a. adherence to an ethical principle b. falling for an ethical trap c. observance of military ethics

b. CORRECT: SSgt Dooney's actions illustrate falling for an ethical trap. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, ethical traps is when confusion or uncertainty as to what action or behavior should be taken because of conflicting opinions/values/beliefs rather than on military rules, regulations and codes of conduct. In this case, SSgt Dooney fell into the ethical trap of worrying over image, which is making decisions based on how the decision will impact one's reputation/standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, etc.

During a pre-deployment briefing SSgt Rener says, "I know you are all leaving out next week and this is a first deployment for some of you. All of you will face new challenges and hardships. Use the training and support network you have so you can endure, bounce back, and develop in these hard times. When you return, the unit needs you back at one hundred percent." SSgt Rener's comments BEST explain ______ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. courage b. resilience c. hardiness of spirit

b. CORRECT: SSgt Rener's comments best explain resilience, which according to the Airmanship lesson, is an Airman's ability to withstand, recover, and/or grow in the face of stressors and changing demands by orchestrating the use of base resources, support activities, peers, and leadership. In addition, resilience uses training, service, and support build a culture of resiliency.

organizational restructure, SSgt Steven says, "It's a commonly known fact that a restructure is mostly for the leadership of the organization, so I wouldn't worry too much. We all know that the enlisted folks are the people that do most of the work around here and they wouldn't want to change that!" Afterwards, his subordinates started joking about it. Because of ______, SSgt Steven's comments will MOST likely _____his effectiveness. a. critical thinking hindrances; not change b. critical thinking hindrances; decrease c. characteristics of a critical thinker; increase d. characteristics of a critical thinker; not change

b. CORRECT: SSgt Steven's effectiveness will most likely decrease because of Critical Thinking Hindrances which, according to the Critical Thinking chapter, include 1) Basic Human Limitations: Confirmation Bias & Selective Thinking and 2) Use of Language: Emotive Content. SSgt Steven demonstrates both of these hindrances with his statements, "...We all know that the enlisted folks are the people that do most of the work around here ..." and "...It's a commonly known fact ..." His statements have created a false sense of security for his subordinates. If the reorganization ultimately affects his subordinates, he has set them up for additional and unwarranted stress.

During the staff meeting, MSgt Long says, "We are facing an extremely important and challenging mission. Since the recent budget cuts, our unit has been tasked to find more efficient ways to operate. To accomplish this, we must set aside our individual differences and approach this task with optimism and enthusiasm. I am confident that with a team effort, we will exceed the unacceptable status quo and find new and innovative ways to operate with this reduced budget." Immediately after the meeting, several subordinates approach MSgt Long with their ideas and concerns. MSgt Long's actions BEST illustrate _________ and its impact on NCO effectiveness. a. Individualized Consideration b. Inspirational Motivation c. Intellectual Stimulation

b. CORRECT: The statements that MSgt Long makes to his team represent Inspirational Motivation, which according to the FRLD chapter, involves developing and articulating visions that paint an optimistic and enthusiastic picture of the future that is appealing and inspiring to followers. The transformational leader presents their vision as a shared vision...the "must achieve future. Helps followers develop a strong sense of purpose; expresses confidence in their followers; presents the vision in an understandable, precise, powerful, and engaging manner; requires followers to work together as a team."

During his in-processing briefing, SrA Holt hears the speaker say, "As a member of the USAF, you are part of a specialized society whose values, beliefs, and behaviors are different from the rest of the people in this country." The speaker's comments BEST explain ____________. a. schema b. micro-culture c. macro-culture

b. micro-culture

SSgt Hester, a PME instructor who is conducting a lesson on customs and courtesies, tells his students, "It is important to be professional in and out of uniform. Whether you're in Air Force PT gear or ABUs, you must always render the proper respect to the flag during the ceremony marking the end of the duty day." SSgt Hester's final comment BEST explains __________________. a. reveille b. retreat c. drill

b. retreat

SrA Shelby listens as the ALS instructor says, "The course is rigorous so you'll want to manage your time wisely because your achievements depend entirely on the effort you put forth. Invest time in reviewing lesson objectives and samples of behavior because they help you prepare for exams. Although we use various teaching methods to appeal to all learning styles, most students find it takes effective study habits, critical thinking, and effective use of EPME's structured thinking process to make it through the course." The instructor's comments BEST explain ________ concepts and how they contribute to individual success. a. time management b. successful learning c. teaching methods and effective study habits

b. successful learning

When SSgt Ivey arrived at her deployment location, she immediately began learning about the Air Force mission, the country, and the local culture. She compared what she saw to her own past experiences, traditions, and beliefs and then, after carefully considering her options, she determined her best option was to gather more information before doing anything else. A few days later, she was glad she did, because looking back she realized it helped her interact more effectively with leaders from the local village and that they seemed to appreciate her efforts. SSgt Ivey's actions BEST illustrate _______________ impact on her effectiveness. a. Cross Cultural Competence skills and their b. the OODA Loop and its c. ethnocentrism and its

b. the OODA Loop and its

Culture-general knowledge

basis for all cross-cultural learning, including culture-specific, and begins with an understanding of basic concepts of a culture (kinship, gender roles, types of exchanges or communication norms, etc.)

Sitting with SSgt Roy, TSgt Ingram says, "You seem a little different since you returned from combat operations." Roy replies, "Lately, I feel anxious all the time...like I need to watch my back." Ingram adds, "I've also noticed that you don't play sports or take on challenging tasks anymore." Roy replies, "I couldn't care less about those things. Why take excessive risks? Besides, I don't have the energy I used to have because every time I try to sleep my mind replays graphic scenes from the last convoy. Aside from that, I think I'm handling it all pretty well." This scenario BEST illustrates ____________ and its impact on NCO effectiveness. a. potential sources of stress b. combat and operational stress c. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

c. CORRECT: According to the Emergent Leadership Issues lesson, SSgt Roy is demonstrating symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD includes four types signs and symptoms: 1, reliving the event ("...my mind replays graphic scenes from the last convoy"); 2, avoiding situations that remind you of the event (not illustrated); 3, feeling numb ("I really couldn't care less about those things anymore"); and 4, feeling keyed up ("...I feel anxious all the time...like I always have to watch my back").

SSgt Amani tells TSgt Rowe, "I noticed something was different about SrA Jack. He let me know he was going through a rough patch and after our talk, he decided to speak to a chaplain. Even though I had a lot of work to do, I drove him to the chapel and waited until he was finished. I talk with him every day and he seems to be feeling much better now." SSgt Amani's _______ will MOST likely ________ his effectiveness. a. understanding of stress management; enhance b. misunderstanding of stress management; hinder c. understanding of the Wingman Concept; enhance d. misunderstanding of the Wingman Concept; hinder

c. CORRECT: According to the Emergent Leadership Issues lesson, a good wingman is alert, gets involved, and takes action because they believe getting help is a sign of strength-not weakness. In addition, the Wingman Concept incorporates the skills of Ask, Care, and Escort (ACE). SSgt Amani was alert, noticed something was wrong with SrA Jack, and engaged him. He also escorted him to the Chaplain and did not leave him alone. Because SSgt Amani understands the Wingman concept he took appropriate actions (ACE) and those actions will most likely enhance his effectiveness with SrA Jack and other members of the work center.

3. SSgt Cox tells SrA Green, his newest instructor, "Since you've never instructed before, let's begin an intensive training program. Your goal is to teach 18 of the 30 lessons during this next class. I will help you prepare to teach each lesson, as well as monitor your performance throughout the course to ensure compliance with standards." After graduation, Cox says to Green, "Congratulations on meeting your goal! During the next class, you will be required to teach all 30 lessons. In the meantime, let's work together on a plan for you to win Instructor of the Quarter." Feeling a bit overwhelmed but excited about the opportunity, Green replies, "Okay." SSgt Cox's _______ will MOST likely ________ his and SrA Green's effectiveness. (1) use of Transformational Leadership; enhance (2) misuse of Transformational Leadership; hinder (3) use of Transactional Leadership; enhance (4) misuse of Transactional Leadership; hinder

c. CORRECT: According to the Full Range Leadership Development chapter, SSgt Cox uses Transactional Leadership [MBE-A] to train SrA Green by keeping him and the processes in control, monitoring and controlling Green's compliance with performance standards. MBE-A exists in structured system with detailed instructions, careful observation, and active supervision. SSgt Cox also implements contingent rewards (transactional behaviors that involve the constructive transaction between the leader and the follower. These transactions formulate a sort of "contract" where the leader sets goals, identifies ways for the subordinate to reach these goals, and supports the follower in meeting these expectations. The follower is required to perform assigned tasks to a specified performance level. When the follower fulfills the leader's expectations, a reward is provided to reinforce the demonstrated positive behavior) by congratulating Green on meeting his goal and prepares to nominate him for Instructor of the Quarter. If he continues this behavior, SSgt Cox will most likely enhance his own effectiveness as well as SrA Green's.

The day before graduating, SrA Hill is showing her dad, a military retiree, around the campus when he asks, "What was the hardest part of the course?" Hill replies, "The schedule was hard at first because I was juggling reading, writing, and homework assignments plus marathon study sessions with my flight. I finally settled into a routine that helped me pay attention in class, take good notes, and actively participate in classroom discussions. However, I would have to say the hardest part for me was the public speaking. Thank goodness, my flight came together to practice all the time. SrA Hill's actions BEST illustrate __________ and its impact on her effectiveness. a. time managements concepts b. study and practice habits c. elements of the learning process

c. elements of the learning process

Protocol

code of etiquette or rules for our behavior; it is what is expected of every member of the team.

Knowledge

cognitive domain's first level of learning and is very basic; It only requires you to keep, remember, recall, label, recognize, and repeat information you have read

national security

collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign relations of the United States

Cyberspace Force Application

combat operations in, through, and from cyberspace to achieve military objectives and influence the course and outcome of conflict by taking decisive actions against approved targets

Combat stress

combat stress: change in mental function or behavior during combat as a result of actual battle conditions or the potential for battle conditions.

Operational Level Command and Control

command and control activities imply a broader dimension of time or space than tactics

The Department of the Navy

composed of the Navy and the Marine Corps; Marine Corps serves as a versatile, all-purpose, fast response task force capable of quick action in areas requiring emergency intervention using both ground and air combat elements while relying on the Navy to provide the sea combat elements. The Navy employs the global reach, persistent presence through forward-stationed and rotationally-based forces, and operational flexibility to secure the nation from direct attack.

Self-Development

concept of developing one's self requires all Airmen to grow and expand professionally as their rank, and span of control, scope of responsibilities, and sphere of influence increases.

Direction, Discipline, and Recognition

considered the foundation of P2

Defensive Counterair

consists of all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace

Perpetrators

criminals who assault victims. Often perpetrators calculate carefully and their intentions are camouflaged by what seems like common social behavior. In other words, they blend in. They groom their victims looking for vulnerability and accessibility

As SSgt Conklin conducts his ORI preparation meeting, SrA Watt stumbles in late. After the meeting, Conklin asks Watt, "Have you been drinking?" Watt replies, "I didn't get home until early this morning from a party. Maybe I have had a little too much to drink." Conklin replies, "Watt, your actions are in violation of the standards. Let's go see the first sergeant." SSgt Conklin's _________ will MOST likely __________ his effectiveness. a. inappropriate substance abuse prevention; decrease b. appropriate substance abuse prevention; increase c. inappropriate substance abuse intervention; decrease d. appropriate substance abuse intervention; increase

d. CORRECT: According to the Emergent Leadership Issues lesson, leaders have a responsibility to intervene when they suspect substance abuse and they must report all substance abuse or suspected substance abuse incidents (i.e. showing to work smelling of alcohol, use of illicit drugs). Because SSgt Conklin intervened and reported the substance abuse, his effectiveness will most likely increase

SSgt Mayberry, the NCOIC is strongly devoted to his religious beliefs. While on watch he does not allow any talk about things he considers secular, like partying and drinking, and denies time off for activities which in his opinion, are not in good taste and do not promote ethical behavior. Although morale seems okay, one or two members have talked about switching flights. Because SSgt Mayberry ______, his actions will MOST likely ______ his effectiveness. a. appropriately placed principle ahead of purpose and people; enhance b. failed to place people ahead of principle and purpose; hinder c. applied ethical relativism; enhance d. applied ethical relativism; hinder

d. CORRECT: According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, Ethical Relativism is making decisions based on personal values/beliefs rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct. In this situation, instead of adhering to military rules and regulations SSgt Mayberry bases his decisions on his personal religious beliefs. Although his actions do not appear to impact morale yet, his application of ethical relativism has caused one or two members to talk about switching flights, which indicates a negative impact on his effectiveness.

SSgt Vargas calls his crew together and says, "Lately we have had an increase in Quality Assurance inspection failures and a lot of minor write ups. The number of write-ups tells me that all of you are letting little things slip on a regular basis. I expect each of you to display a higher level of responsibility in your work. Unfortunately, to ensure our nuclear weapons program is within standards, I now have to conduct random spot inspections in order to hold everyone liable for following instructions." If SSgt Vargas acts on his comments concerning ______, he will MOST likely have a __________ impact on the mission. a. reliability and accountability; negative b. reliability and accountability; positive c. accountability and compliance; negative d. accountability and compliance; positive

d. CORRECT: According to the Nuclear Enterprise chapter, accountability is the quality or state of being accountable; especially an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for one's actions. Compliance is the act or process of complying with a desire, demand, proposal, or regimen/coercion. It is also conformity in fulfilling official requirements. If SSgt Vargas acts on his comments, he will be holding people accountable (...liable) by ensuring they comply/fulfill their official duties. The only possible outcome of accountability and compliance is a positive impact on mission effectiveness.

5. SrA Staples is frustrated because his supervisor, TSgt Stevenson, never gives him or any of his coworkers any positive feedback, even when they put in extra effort. Trying to open a line of communication, Staples asks Stevenson for a moment of his time. He says, "Sir, sometimes we'd like to hear that we're doing a good job or at least get a thank you." Stevenson replies, "I don't see how that matters, but I do appreciate how hard all of you work, especially considering how well everyone follows procedures and adheres to the rules around here." TSgt Stevenson's _______ will MOST likely ________his effectiveness. a. acknowledgment of his Blue temperament; increase b. failure to acknowledge his Orange temperament; decrease c. acceptance of feedback about his blind spot; increase d. failure to acknowledge feedback about his blind spot; decrease

d. CORRECT: TSgt Stevenson's effectiveness will most likely decrease because he failed to accept the feedback on his blind spot. According to the Four Lenses chapter, the blind spot refers to an aspect of our personality that is not known to self, but is apparent to others. It is only through the process of receiving feedback that the blind spot can be addressed. Staples informs Stevenson of the blind spot (we'd like to hear that we're doing a good job or at least get a thank you.) However, Stevenson doesn't accept it (I don't see how that matters, but I do appreciate how hard all of you work, especially considering how well everyone follows procedures and adheres to the rules around here).

Space Force Application

defined as combat operations in, through, and from space to influence the course and outcome of conflict

Space Support

defined as operations to deploy and sustain military and intelligence systems in space

Space Control

defined as operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space

Space Force Enhancement

defined as the combat support operations and force-multiplying capabilities delivered from space systems to improve the effectiveness of military forces as well as support other intelligence, civil, and commercial user

Critical thinking

defined as the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication as a guide to belief and action

Space Superiority

degree of dominance in space of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force.

Impression Management - two part process

deliberate and motivated self presentation 1. Projection: the image we want others to have of us 2. Attribution: how others actually view us. Attribution involves the sub-skills of emotion regulation, self-monitoring, and perceptual acuity

Building Partnership

described as Airmen interacting with international Airmen and other relevant actors to develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security

Eustress

describes positive stress; eustress results from exhilarating experiences. Eustress is the stress of winning and achieving—for instance, inheriting a large amount of money or receiving an unexpected promotion.

need for achievement

desire where one accomplishes something difficult or masters particular objects, ideas, or tasks independently or with little help

summative evaluations

determine whether you possess the requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform as a military professional in the US Air Force; determine if you have met learning objectives

Ethical principals - three D's

discern, declare, do discern, declare, and do state that you must try to discern the truth; at appropriate times, you declare the truth as you have discerned it; and then you do what you have discerned and declared.

Unlawful discrimination

discrimination based on color, national origin, race, religion, or sex.

The Profession of Arms

distinct subculture with specialized knowledge in the art of warfare and requires acceptance of the unlimited liability clause;

Air Force Doctrine and 3 levels of doctrine

doctrine describes and guides the proper use of airpower in military operations; doctrine shapes the manner in which the Air Force organizes, trains, equips, and sustains its forces Basic, operational and tactical

Lead by example

effective way to minimize the impact of substance use - abuse disorder (misuse) in your work center

Nuclear Surety

ensures the safety, security, and effectiveness of nuclear operations; program consisting of materials, personnel, and procedures that contribute to the safety, security, reliability, and control of nuclear weapons

Command and Control

exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission

Situational Leadership Theory

followers' competence and confidence determines appropriate leader behavior - focused on a follower's competence and commitment, or development level (DL) in completing a specific task and the use of four different leadership styles to influence the follower's development; these styles are: directive (low competence/low commitment - unable/unwilling and/or insecure), coaching (low competence/some commitment - unable but willing and/or confident), supportive (high competence/lacks commitment - is able but unwilling and/or insecure) delegating (high competence/high commitment - is able and willing and/or confident)

Cyberspace Support

foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space

Progressive Professionalism

goal of P2 is for all members of the profession of arms to consider where they believe they are in their professionalism and commitment and strive to progress toward the right side of the above continuum. Direction, Discipline, and Recognition (DDR) and Self-Development are two concepts that support P2 (goal of high commitment/more professional)

Tactical Level Command and Control

goal of tactical level command and control (C2) is to achieve commander's intent and desired effects by gaining and keeping the offensive initiative

high-context communicators

high-context communicators (i.e. Asians or Middle Easterners) the RECIEVER OR INTERPRETER of the message assumes the responsibility to infer the hidden or contextual meanings of the message.

Airmanship

include all who formally belong to the U.S. Air Force and employ or support its expeditionary and aerospace power capabilities. Airman includes all commissioned officers, noncommissioned officers, airmen, and civilian members that server in support of the almost 200 Air Force specialties codes. As such, Airmanship refers to all Airmen, skilled practitioners, and combatants of air, space, and cyberspace warfare

Take Notes

include main ideas and supporting details

Negative Reinforcement

includes the removal of unpleasant, unfavorable actions or events the follower is currently experiencing that occurs after they have displayed a desirable behavior, or taking something away that the follower thinks is 'bad' in order to 'reinforce' a behavior; removing member's unfavorable information file (UIF) and removing restrictions placed on a member

Drug

including anabolic or androgenic steroids, or any intoxicating substance, other than alcohol, that is inhaled, injected, consumed, or introduced into the body in any manner to alter mood or function

Ways to manage stress

individually: Time management, physical exercise, relaxation training, social support organizationally : Selection and placement, goal setting, job redesign, organizational communication, wellness programs,

Trait Theory

innate qualities and personality characteristics are found in "great leaders" - one's leadership effectiveness was said to be influenced by their intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability

Study

instead of memorizing, seek to understand

Sexual assault

intentional sexual contact, characterized by use of force, threats, intimidation, abuse of authority, or when the victim does not or cannot consent. Sexual assault includes rape, forcible sodomy (oral or anal sex), and other unwanted sexual contact that is aggravated, abusive, or wrongful (to include unwanted and inappropriate sexual contact), or attempts to commit these acts

Positive Reinforcement

involves favorable actions, results, or outcomes that a leader presents to a follower after the follower demonstrates a desired behavior: public recognition, praise, awards

The Oath of Enlistment

is a promise, ethical agreement or bond of one's word; formally affirmed promise to support and defend the Constitution against all enemies foreign and domestic.

Ethical principles

is about learning what is true and then having the courage to do and be what and who we ought to be. Military ethics are not about individual successes or failures or about individual virtues or vices. Military ethics is about our heritage and history, and it is about our responsibility to be men and women of character

Contingency Theory - 3 Parts

leader is paired to a particular situation based on his or her strengths and skill sets; they are moved into and out of various situations based on three critical situational factors: Leader-Member Relations-The degree to which the leader is trusted and liked by members of the group and the groups' willingness to follow the leader Leader's Position Power-The authority the leader has to reward or punish; power/authority comes from position in organization The Task Structure-This refers to how well a group's task(s) have been described. Highly structured means the tasks are clearly understood and easy to understand. Unstructured means the tasks are difficult to understand and are complex or difficult to execute

Negative punishment

leader removes something valued by the follower after they have demonstrated an undesirable or unacceptable behavior...taking something away to stop a behavior from occurring; revoking a promotion or liberties

Skills Theory

leaders who are emotionally intelligent and can successfully solve problems and make logical decisions; Emotional intelligence centers on emotional awareness and the control people have of their emotions and how this affects their leadership effectiveness

low-context communicators

low-context communicators (i.e.; many U.S. Americans) assume that the SPEAKER will take the responsibility for communicating clearly

intellectual humility

means adhering tentatively to recently acquired opinions; being prepared to examine new evidence and arguments, even if such examination leads one to discover flaws in one's own cherished beliefs; stop thinking that complex issues can be reduced to matter of 'right & wrong' or 'black & white', and to begin thinking in terms of 'degrees of certainty' or 'shades of grey'

open-minded and skeptical

means seeking out the facts, information sources, and reasoning to support issues we intend to judge; examining issues from as many sides as possible; rationally looking for the good and bad points of the various sides examined; accepting the fact that we may be in error ourselves; and maintaining the goal of getting at the truth (or close to the truth (or as close to the truth as possible), rather than trying to please others or find fault with their views; much skepticism will lead one to doubt everything and commit oneself to nothing

Contemporary Motivation and 3 levels

member's commitment to the organization membership (lowest level) performance (moderate level) involvement (highest level)

Courage (WE)

mental or moral strength to venture, persevere, and withstand danger, fear, or difficulty

The Department of the Army

nation's principal land force and promotes national values and interests by conducting military engagement and security cooperation, deterring aggression and violence, and should deterrence fail, compelling enemy behavioral change or compliance.

Visual Learners

need to see the big picture; may need to see whole screen/room; has trouble with following lecture/spoken directions;

Tactile Learners/Kinesthetic

need to touch and feel things; prefers hands on; may be more coordinate/have athletic ability

Teaching methods- Asynchronous

non-facilitated, self-paced, student-centered teaching method that uses online learning resources to facilitate information sharing outside the normal constraints of time and location to effectively deliver course content

Physical Courage

observable action taken when faced with fear, pain, uncertainty, or danger.

Positive punishment

occurs when the leader applies or presents an unfavorable action or result to a follower who has demonstrated an undesirable behavior...adding something to stop a behavior from occurring; applying restrictions on a member

operational stress

occurs when there are changes in mental functioning or behavior during military operations other than war (e.g., humanitarian missions, rescue missions, natural disasters).

Offensive Counterair

offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible

Testing

one indicator of how well you learned

Free thinker

one must restrain one's desire to believe because of social pressures to conform;

Resiliency (WE)

one's ability to withstand, recover and grow in the face of stressors and changing demands.

Membership Level

only give the required time and effort to the organization

Nuclear Deterrence Operations

operate, maintain, and secure nuclear forces to achieve an assured capability to deter an adversary from taking action against vital US interests

Cyberspace Superiority

operational advantage in, through, and from cyberspace to conduct operations at a given time and in a given domain without prohibitive interference.

Special Operations

operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or clandestine, or low-visibility capabilities.

formative exercise

part of the learning process and is not part of the evaluation process; designed to provide feedback to you on your strengths and weaknesses; indicate preparedness for summative exercises

Cyberspace Defense

passive, active, and dynamic employment of capabilities to respond to imminent or on-going actions against Air Force

Victims

people assaulted by perpetrators. Victims of sexual assault do not expect this kind of criminal act to take place. Victims are never at fault; no one asks to be assaulted. This is the one crime in which society often blames the victims for their behavior due to lack of understanding about the true nature of this crime and those who perpetrate it.

Facilitators

people who enable, encourage, or create situations or environments that allow perpetrators to act. They may also FAIL to stop someone else; even though they know an attack is possible.

Involvement Level

personally satisfied with their work and feel their personal needs and desires are being met; They strive for personal and organizational success (intrinsic motivation)

Customs

practices that are the result of the need for order and discipline and are established by frequent use over a long period.

need for affiliation

prefer to spend more time maintaining social relationships and wanting to be accepted and cared for

Highly motivated

put in the necessary work sufficient to evaluate the multiples sides of issues

Hardiness of Spirit (WE)

refers to an intense energy that empowers one to act when called to action; internal force one uses to face and handle mental and/or physical challenges; moves us to react and respond during demanding, difficult, and dangerous situations

need for power

reflects an individual's desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve; People with this need prefer to work and consider discipline and self-respect as priorities

Practice

reinforces knowledge, builds self-confidence

Human relations

relations between two or more people

alliance

relationship that is created from a formal agreement such as a treaty between two or more nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members

Act

review what you have decided to do, take action, and then reflect on how you executed your decision

Reinforcement

rewards a specific behavior and increases the likelihood the behavior will continue. There are two types of reinforcement: Positive and negative

Consent

shall not be deemed or construed to mean the failure by the victim to offer physical resistance. Consent is not given when a person uses force, threat of force, coercion, or when the victim is asleep, incapacitated, or unconscious.

Situation

situation describes the relative circumstances, position, or context that surrounds the leader and followers

Linguistic Competence

speaker's implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their native language.

What does AFI 36-2618, The Enlisted Force Structure state?

states that the core values are the framework within which military activities take place and are the basis for Air Force policies, guidance, and focus

ethics

study of what we understand to be good and right behavior and how we judge those behaviors. Ethics is a set of standards of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values.

Appropriate

suitable for a particular person, place or condition.

Personnel Recovery

sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel

Global Integrated ISR

synchronization and integration of the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, dissemination systems across the globe to conduct current and future operations

Air Superiority

that degree of dominance in the air battle of one force over another which permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force

Nuclear Strike

the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear to them.

Global Precision Attack

the ability to hold at risk or strike rapidly and persistently, with a wide range of munitions at any target and to create swift, decisive, and precise effects across multiple domains.

Comprehension

the cognitive domain's second level of learning; three levels of learning (translation, interpretation, extrapolation)

Application

the cognitive domain's third level of learning; you must identify lesson concepts from among other lesson concepts in simulated situations; After identifying the concepts, you must then apply your knowledge and comprehension of those concepts to solve the problem or deal with the issue appropriately and effectively

affective domain

the manner in which you deal with things emotionally, such as feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasms, motivations, and attitudes (receiving, responding, and valuing)

Warrior Ethos

the professional attitudes and beliefs that inspire every member of the profession of arms; it is a mindset, a warrior spirit that, in some respect, requires Airmen to change how they think about our Air Force

Accountability

the quality or state of being accountable; especially: 2. an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for ones actions.

Responsibility

the quality or state of being responsible as a moral, legal, or mental accountability, 2. Something which one is responsible: burden.

cognitive domain

the thinking or reasoning component of learning

Identify

this step allows you to demonstrate your ability to identify concepts or principles associated with specific lessons

Rapid Global Mobility

timely deployment, employment, sustainment, augmentation, and redeployment of military forces and capabilities across the range of military operations

Communication Competence

understanding how to properly communicate in another language or culture

Coast Guard

unique military service residing within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) while simultaneously providing direct support to the DoD;

Auditory Learners

use hearing to process information; have difficulty following written directions; has difficulty reading/writing; may turn away from speaker instead of looking at them

Decide

we consider all the courses of action developed and choose one to move forward with based on our options and understanding of the situation. This decision is the product of the data we gathered (Observe) and the understanding we have of the information (Orient).

Moral Courage

will to stand up for what is right, regardless of the personal cost.

Motivational Theories

word used to refer to the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior, especially human behavior; influenced by culture, attitudes, emotions, values; things we need and/or things we want