Airway Breathing and Ventilation EMT

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 B: Reason: It has 2 lobes, the upper and lower.

A 27 year old man and his 4 year old nephew have been pulled from a river after being submerged for approximately 12 minutes. Rescue breathing for the man should include breaths at what rate? Rescue breathing for the child should include breaths at what rate?

A. 1 breath every 5-6 seconds for the man / 1 breath every 3-5 seconds for the child B. 12-20 breaths per minute for the man / 10-12 breaths per minute for the child C 10-12 breaths per minute for the man / 20-30 breaths per minute for all children D. 1 breath every 3-5 seconds for the man / 1 breath every 5-6 seconds for the child A: Reason: AHA CPR Guidelines specify that adults should get 10-12 breaths per minute (one breath every 5-6 seconds). Children should get between 12-20 breaths per minute (one breath every 3-5 seconds). Old guidelines said 20 bpm for all infants and children. The new wider range is to allow the rescuer to tailor rescue breathing to the needs of the patient.

A patient is breathing at 20 breaths per minute and taking in about 400 ml of air each breath. What is this patient's minute volume?

A. 2000 ml per minute B. 4000 ml per minute C. 6000 ml per minute D. 8000 ml per minute D: Reason: Minute volume is number of breaths per minute X volume of air in each breath.

You are assisting your partner who is preparing to intubate a 79 year old woman. You are managing the BVM and begin ventilating and preoxygenating the patient at what rate?

A. 21 breaths a minute for 1 minute B. 12-18 breaths a minute for 2-3 minutes C. 12-20 breaths a minute for 1-2 minutes D. 15 breaths a minute for 4 minutes C: Reason: Pre oxygenating and hyperventilating a patient prior to intubation should be done at a rate of 12-20 breaths per minute for 1-2 minutes with high flow O2 attached.

Which of the following patients has adequate respiration's?

A. 55 year old woman with paradoxical chest expansion at 22 per minute B. A 31 year old man breathing at 20 per minute and slightly irregular C. A 6 month old child who is breathing at 22 per minute D. A 10 year old who is breathing with accessory muscles at 30 per minute. B: Reason: Even though the 31 year old is breathing slightly irregular, they are within range and considered adequate. The 10 year old, although he may be just inside the top limit of respirations, is not breathing adequately because of the accessory muscle use.

Below what percentage of oxygen saturation would you consider a patient hypoxic?

A. 95 percent B. 96 percent C. 97 percent D. 98 percent A: Reason: An SPO2 saturation of less than 95% is considered hypoxic.

When performing pulse oximetry, a patient is considered to be hypoxic if their SaO2 is?

A. <85% B. 86-91% C. 91-94% D. All of the above D: Reason: Normal range SaO2 is 95-100%. A patient is considered to have mild hypoxia at 91-94%, moderate hypoxia at 86-90%, and severe hypoxia at <85%.

You and your partner Lola arrive on scene to a multiple patient emergency. Which of the following patients would you and Lola consider a priority patient?

A. A 45 year old female with a blood pressure of 169/92 B. A 19 year old male who has a broken ulna C. A 29 year old pregnant patient who is having contractions 12 minutes apart D. A 24 year old woman who was stung by two or three wasps A: Reason: A blood pressure of 169/92 would be considered a priority patient. Contractions that are 12 minutes apart, a simple fracture, and wasp stings in and of themselves are secondary to the blood pressure.

What are the main differences between a child's airway and an adult's airway?

A. A child's airway is shorter and more compact than an adult's, making it easier to visualize the vocal cords B. An adult's airway is more narrow than a child's airway C. A child's airway is narrower at the Cricoid ring and the tongue is larger in proportion to the mouth D. There is no difference. Children's airways are just like adults C: Reason: he proportions of a child's airway are different and the tongue takes up more space. The Cricoid cartilage is also the narrowest part of a child's airway.

Anatomical differences in a child's respiratory system can make opening and maintaining the airway a difficult and challenging process. Which of the following choices correctly states some of the problems and solutions associated with these anatomical differences?

A. A child's larynx sits more posterior and superior in the throat making it easier for the tongue to fall back and block the trachea. Putting a rolled up towel under the child's head can help align the oropharynx and trachea which will assist in ventilations. B. A child's pharynx is larger in proportion to that of an adult's and is easily blocked by swelling or mucous. Using a Nasopharyngeal will assist in passing these blockages and making the airway patent. C. A child's tongue is larger and takes up considerably more room in the mouth. Using a tongue depressor to hold the tongue down while inserting an OPA without rotating it will be more effective than techniques used in adults. D. A child's cricoid cartilage is larger and less flexible than that of an adult making it more susceptible to blockage. Using a flexible or french catheter to suction the cricoid opening will aid in making the airway patent. C: Reason: A child's larynx sits more ANTERIOR and superior. Put a towel under the child's shoulders NOT the head. The pharynx in a child is SMALLER. The cricoid ring is SMALLER. Do not insert suction into the cricoid.

Which of the following is a contraindication for the nasopharyngeal airway?

A. A semiconscious patient without an intact gag reflex B. A patient with a nasal bone fracture C. A patient who was using cocaine D. A patient with a cervical fracture B: Reason: Contraindications for the nasopharyngeal airway include: severe head injury with blood draining from the nose and/or history of a fractured nasal bone.

An adult who is conscious and has a complete foreign body airway obstruction should be given:

A. Abdominal thrusts B. Oxygen via a non rebreather mask C. Enough time to clear it themselves before acting D. Back slaps and chest thrusts A: Reason Conscious adults with complete obstructions would require abdominal thrusts. Infants would require back slaps and chest thrusts.

Your 34 year old patient is breathing on their own at a rate of 18 per minute and an approximate tidal volume of 150 mL. What should you do?

A. Apply a non rebreather mask with high flow O2 at 15 lpm B. Give positive pressure ventilations with high flow O2 C. Coach your patient to increase their breathing rate D. Ask the patient if they are having trouble breathing B: Reason: A patient who is only breathing with a tidal volume of 150 mL is ineffective at oxygenating the tissues at any rate. The reason is that approximately 150 mL of air resides in the dead space of the airway and never reaches the alveoli. If the patient is only taking in 150 mL, the oxygen is never reaching the alveoli. This is conversely true with carbon dioxide being expelled from the lungs.

Your patient has a pulse, but is not breathing. Rescue breathing should be done... __________________.

A. At 200 ml for all patients except infants B. With just enough air to make the chest rise. C. At a greater depth than during CPR D. At 500 ml to 800 ml B: Reason: Each rescue breath "should make the chest rise" and the rescuer should be able to visually verify the chest rise.

AHA CPR Guidelines for treating a patient with a foreign body airway obstruction include which of the following?

A. Blind finger sweep after opening airway B. Tongue jaw lift C. Asking the patient if they can speak D. Asking the patient if they are choking D: Reason: The first 2 answer choices are now eliminated from AHA FBAO guidelines. The only question asked now is "Are you choking".

You arrive on scene with your partner to a multiple vehicle accident where you are the 2nd ambulance to arrive. Scene size up indicates there are 7 patients in 2 cars, none requiring extrication. In the first car is a 45 year old woman who is 28 weeks pregnant and unconscious, a 12 year old girl who is screaming and complaining of back pain, and an 8 year old boy who has a facial laceration and no other signs or symptoms. In the second car is a 70 year old man who is slumped against the steering wheel. There is heavy damage to the front end of his vehicle. In the backseat are 3 teenagers. The two on the impact side are complaining of nausea and appear to have an altered level of consciousness. Also in the back seat is a girl who said she was having a seizure and was vomiting earlier and that her grandfather had been taking her to the hospital. She was wearing her seat belt and has no sign of injury. What may have happened to the 70 year old man?

A. Cardiac tamponade B. Had a heart attack while driving C. Driving under the influence D. All of the above D: Reason: Any of the answers could be correct. Cardiac tamponade may have occurred as a result of the frontal collision and impact of his chest on the steering wheel. His age dictates he could have had a heart attack. Anyone could have been driving under the influence.

You have been called to a home where a 1-year-old girl is in respiratory distress, possible apnea. The caregiver called 911 after finding the girl on the floor in front of the T.V. She does not know if the child is breathing or not. Which of the following choices below contains the most accurate facts related to this call?

A. Children have a large tongue that takes up more of the oropharynx and can cause an airway obstruction. Proper administration of CPR should include about an inch of padding under the child's shoulders. B. Children may have anterior displacement of the tongue which can cause an airway obstruction. CPR should include delicate compressions to avoid rib fractures. C. Children have ridged tracheal cartilage and a short epiglottis that can easily block the airway. During CPR the neck should be slightly hyperextended to account for this difference. D. Children have smaller airways that are often blocked by toys and rarely occluded with mucus or swelling. If you suspect a foreign body airway obstruction, try to visually locate the object and remove it if possible. A: Reason: Children have a larger tongue in proportion to their oropharnyx than adults. This makes it easy for a childs tongue to occlude their airway and cause an obstruction. Proper positioning of the airway will help reduce this. One way to position the child for proper airway alignment, if performing assisted or artificial ventilations during CPR, is to place padding under the child's shoulders to help put the airway in a neutral position.

During anaphylaxis the tissues of the respiratory system __________.

A. Expand B. Contract C. Swell D. Remain constant C: Reason: Allergic reaction may cause the permeability of the vessels to change, allowing fluids to leak into the surrounding tissues of the lungs.

You and your partner Mike arrive on scene to find a man standing outside a softball park who has suffered a blunt trauma to the chest. The patient states he was hit in the chest with a bat when a player lost her grip while swinging. He is having problems breathing and lung sounds are absent on the left side. You should suspect..?

A. Flail chest B. Pneumothorax C. Pulmonary contusion D. Hemoptysis B: Reason: No breath sounds on one side is characteristic of a pneumothorax or collapsed lung. This condition would make oxygenation of the blood difficult at half capacity and cause the patient to be hypoxic.

Your patient is a 61 year old male who is complaining of dyspnea. He has no signs or history of trauma. What history and physical exam would you choose for this man and what is the most likely cause of his condition?

A. Focused:Focused / He has an inflammation of the lower airway B. Rapid:Focused/ He has COPD C. Detailed:Detailed / He has a collapsed lung D. Rapid:Detailed / He just wants some attention A: Reason: You know the man's chief complaint and potential life threat is the respiratory distress. You have determined that no trauma is involved so you can FOCUS on gathering history of his breathing difficulty as well as do a FOCUSED exam of the affected body system which in this case is the lungs and airway. Any one of the answers contained a possible explanation for his condition, but only one had the correct history and physical exam.

The epiglottis serves which function?

A. Forms the first ring of the trachea B. Protects the airway of a conscious patient during swallowing C. Protects the airway of an unconscious patient during swallowing D Protects the upper airway C: Reason: The epiglottis protects the airway of a conscious patient during swallowing.

You have responded to Qwik-mart for a possible allergic reaction. As you pull into the parking lot you see a man lying outside the store with the clerk and two other bystanders standing to the side. As you approach, you see the patient has an unused Epinephrine auto injector clutched in his hand. His respirations are shallow at about 8 breaths a minute and he only responds with slight moans when given a sternal rub. His pulse is weak at 50 beats per minute and his blood pressure is 110/80. What would be the most appropriate treatment for this patient?

A. High flow O2 via NRB at 15 LPM B. Mouth to mask ventilations at 10-12 per minute C. Injection of subcutaneous epinephrine via autoinjector D. 1 or 2 tubes of glucose administered via buccal or PR route B: Reason: At this point you do not know what is wrong with this man and the only answer that would be considered appropriate treatment at this stage of the assessment is to assist ventilations at 10-12 breaths per minute. Giving high flow O2 is not going to do much for the patient with shallow respirations who is not likely drawing in enough tidal volume to utilize the O2.

Your patient has a distended abdomen which you know can disrupt proper movement of the diaphragm and lead to?

A. Hyperventilation B. Hypoventilation C. Hyperglycemia D. Pleurisy B: Reason: If the diaphragm cannot move very well it inhibits breathing and poor breathing will lead to low oxygen levels or hypoxia.

Inaccurate SPO2 readings may be attributed to?

A. Hypothermia B. Nail polish C. A moving patient D. All of the above D: Reason: A moving patient, vasoconstrictive drugs, jaundice, and carbon monoxide poisoning may cause false readings, along with hypothermia and nail polish.

There are two separate respiratory drives. The ______________________ and the ___________________. If a COPD patient is a carbon dioxide retainer then_______________________

A. Hypoxic / Carbon dioxide / You should deliver oxygen via nasal canula at 4-6 LPM B. Autonomic / Protonomic / You should deliver oxygen via NRB at 12-15 LPM C. Carbon monoxide / Hypoxic / You should not deliver oxygen as it will inhibit the patient's hypoxic drive D. Pneumonic / Pleuritic / Only humidified oxygen should be delivered. Non humidified O2 will cause the alveoli to stick together A: Reason: Hypoxic drive stimulates the breathing centers in the brain when the oxygen levels in the blood drop too low. It is secondary to Carbon dioxide drive which stimulates the brain's breathing centers when the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood get too high.

Which of the following is the correct procedure for performing the Sellick's maneuver?

A. Identify the cricoid cartilage, apply firm forward pressure to cricoid cartilage with thumb and index finger B. Identify the cricoid cartilage, apply firm medial pressure to cricoid cartilage with thumb and index finger C. Identify the cricoid cartilage, apply firm backward pressure to cricoid cartilage with thumb and index finger D. Identify the cricoid cartilage, apply firm downward pressure to cricoid cartilage with thumb and index finger C: Reason: The correct procedure for performing the Sellick's maneuver is to identify the cricoid cartilage then apply firm backward pressure to the cricoid cartilage with the thumb and index finger.

Asthma is classified into two types.

A. Infection asthma, which is caused by a cold or flu and is usually seen in children rather than adults. Irritant asthma is more common in adults and involves chemicals or air pollution as the contributing cause of the narrowed bronchioles B. Extrinsic asthma, which is more common in childhood, causes brochioles constriction as a result of an outside substance like dust. Intrinsic asthma is more common in adults where no specific cause for the bronchioles constriction can be identified C. Allergen induced asthma, which is more common in adults than children, can be triggered by pet dander. Exercise induced asthma can be caused by rapid breathing in cold air which causes a narrowing of the bronchioles D. Drug based asthma is triggered by narcotics such as cocaine or other inhaleable substances used recreationally. Food based asthma is more often associated with adults and is most often caused by seafood or nut allergies that progress into asthma causing brochospasms B: Reason: Extrinsic is caused by an external source. Allergens, drugs, chemicals, pollution ect. Intrinsic has unknown causes and is usually associated with adults rather than children. No particular substance can be identified as the trigger.

Which list contains only items that can cause a disruption of airway patency?

A. Infection, foreign body obstructions, allergic reactions, dysphagia B. Infection, muscular dystrophy, allergic reactions, trauma C. Infection, foreign body obstructions, muscular dystrophy, drugs D. Infection, foreign body obstructions, allergic reactions, trauma D: Reason: Airway patency can be disrupted by: Infection, trauma/burns, foreign body obstructions, allergic reactions, and unconsciousness (loss of muscle tone).

You and your partner Abner are called to the scene of a man who is having trouble breathing. When you arrive on scene, you notice several other men and women standing around the front porch and inside the house. The scene appears safe and you ask where the patient is located. One of the men points into the back bedroom. You enter to find a man doubled over and breathing very rapid. He says that his stomach hurts after being struck in the stomach by a baseball bat swung by his wife. You should...?

A. Leave the scene and call law enforcement B. Treat the patient if the situation appears safe. Inform law enforcement if it was assault, when the time is appropriate C. Call the husband out for getting beat up by a woman D. Inform the man that he will have to go to the hospital if he wants to get medical attention as this scene is not safe B: Reason: If you believe the scene to be safe then you begin treating the patient, It would be prudent to inform the police if it was an attack. If the scene was not safe you would not be there. Don't read into the question anything that isn't there. The question doesn't say he was assaulted. It could have been a friendly softball game for all we know.

You and your partner Max are called to the scene where an 11 year old boy has been reported unconscious. What are you going to do before assessing the quality of the child's breathing?

A. Make sure there is no airway obstruction B. Place a folded towel under the child's neck C. Make sure the child's neck is hyperextended D. Immobilize the head in an inline position A: Reason: Before assessing the quality of respirations, you need to ensure that the child has an open airway. You do not want to hyperextend the child's neck, as this can kink the trachea, impeding airflow.

What type of lung sounds would you expect to hear in a patient that is healthy?

A. Moist lung sounds B. Bronchovesicular lung sounds C. Bronchial lung sounds D. Vesicular lung sounds D: Reason: Normal breath sounds are vesicular when heard over the lungs. Auscultation over the anterior sternum will produce bronchial breath sounds in normal conditions but they are not normal over the lungs.

A spontaneous pneumothorax is ________________.

A. More common in women than men B. Caused by an impact to the chest that penetrates the lung C. A sudden accumulation of air in the pleural space D. Only seen in people with COPD C: Reason: Spontaneous pneumothorax happens more often in men than women and is the sudden accumulation of air in the pleural space. Chest trauma is not spontaneous.

Parts of the upper respiratory system would include?

A. Mouth, nasal cavity, and larynx B. Trachea and lungs C. Right lobe and left lobes D. Pharynx, pleura, and trachea A: Reason: The upper respiratory system is everything above the trachea.

You and your partner arrive on scene to find a 9 year old with a possible basilar fracture of the skull. Which of the following would be contraindicated in this patient?

A. NRB B. Nasopharyngeal airway C. Oropharyngeal airway D. BVM B: Reason: Nasopharyngeal airways are not to be used in trauma that may include a basilar fracture. Insertion may cause damage to the brain if it enters into the fractured area.

You are assessing an 83 year old woman who has COPD and CHF. She is sitting upright in her chair and appears to understand that you are an EMT here to help her. You should?

A. Never break eye contact B. Call the patient something endearing like honey C. Be honest with the patient about her conditions D. Stand in front of her to facilitate communication C: Reason: You want to make eye contact and address the person by Mr. or Mrs. Rather than terms of endearment like "honey" or "dear". You should try to be at eye level or slightly below for best communication.

The root word pulm- refers to what?

A. Pancreas B. Lungs C. Feathers D. Vessels B: Reason: The root word pulm refers to the lungs.

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

A. Pharynx B. Oropharynx C. Nasal cavity D. All of the above D: Reason: All are part of the upper respiratory system and not the lower. Many textbooks differ on the actual break-point of the upper and lower airway. The general consensus is that the lower airway is entered up on passing the vocal chords.

You are dispatched to an elementary school for a fall. As you approach the scene, you note that a child is lying beneath the swing set. He appears apneic, unconscious, and is not moving. You should:

A. Place him in the recovery position to protect his airway. B. Immediately begin rescue breathing. C. Take manual cervical stabilization and attempt to open his airway. D. Assess his respiratory function. C: Reason: The best option is to stabilize the head/neck and open the airway. Those procedures alone will allow you to assess his respiratory function, control any cervical trauma, and prepare you to protect his airway. We never initiate rescue breathing without first attempting to open the airway.

Paradoxical motion of the chest during exhalation is often an indication of what type of injury?

A. Pneumothorax B. Hemopneumothorax C. Clavicle fracture D. Flail segment D: Reason: A loose segment of ribs known as flail segment (or flail chest) allows the lung to protrude from the open section and causes the paradoxical or uneven movement.

Carbon monoxide poisoning may occur from:

A. Poorly ventilated wood stoves B. Jabbing yourself with a pencil C. Poor exercise habits D. None of the above A: Reason: Carbon monoxide (CO) is the process of incomplete combustion from sources such as wood stoves, car exhaust, and poorly ventilated areas where fuel exhaust accumulates. CO is colorless and does not produce an odor.

The amount of air that is left after maximal expiration is known as _____________.

A. Residual volume B. Dead space C. Minute volume D. Vital capacity A: Reason: The amount of air that is left after maximal expiration is known as residual volume.

You and your partner Luke are assessing a patient who is having difficulty breathing. After auscultation of the lungs, you determine that the alveoli are collapsing when the patient exhales. What type of breath sounds would this result in?

A. Ronchi B. Cheyne-Stokes C. Rales D. Vesicular C: Reason: Ronchi are not associated with collapsing alveoli. Cheyne-Stokes is associated with head injury. Rales or crackles, as they are often called, is the most likely breath sounds you would hear.

Your patient is an unconscious adult male who is not able to maintain his airway. You determine that his gag reflex is not intact. What is the first step when inserting an oropharyngeal airway?

A. Select the proper size airway by measuring from the corner of his mouth to the earlobe B. Select the proper size airway by measuring from the center of his mouth to the earlobe C. Select the proper size airway by measuring from the base of his nose to the earlobe D. Select the proper size airway by measuring from the tip of his nose to the earlobe A: Reason: The first step for inserting an oropharyngeal airway is to select the proper size by measuring from the corner of his mouth to the earlobe.

Which statement best describes Sellick's maneuver?

A. Should be used during normal ventilation; it increases the amount of air in the stomach B. Should be used during positive pressure ventilation; it increases the amount of air in the lungs C. Should be used during normal ventilation; it reduces the amount of air in the stomach D. Should be used during positive pressure ventilation; it reduces the amount of air in the stomach B: Reason: Sellick's maneuver should be used during positive pressure ventilation. When performed correctly, it can reduce the amount of air forced into the stomach during ventilation.

You have an unconscious patient. What do you do?

A. Start CPR immediately B. Baseline vitals, primary assessment, and secondary assessment C. ABCs, History taking, Rapid full body scan D. ABC, Baseline vitals, Transport decision C: Reason: According to the NES, the ABCs are part of the primary survey, which is then followed by history taking, and then the secondary assessment. A rapid full body scan is the first step of the secondary assessment. The rapid full body scan may be incorporated into the primary survey in order to determine life threats. You would not start CPR as the patient is only unconscious. They may be breathing with a pulse. Baseline vitals come after the primary and secondary assessments. Transport decision also comes before vital signs.

Your patient is a 9 year old girl who is showing signs of nasal flaring. She is most likely?

A. Suffering from dehydration B. Suffering from a poisoning C. An epileptic D. In respiratory distress D: Reason: A typical sign of respiratory distress in children is the flaring of the nostrils.

With reference to breathing, what is tidal volume?

A. The amount of air delivered to the lungs and airway in one breath B. The amount of air delivered to the lungs each minute C. The maximum amount the lungs can expel in one exhalation D. The maximum amount one can inhale in one breath A: Reason: Tidal volume is the amount of air delivered to the lungs and airway in one breath. Over the course of a minute, it is called the "minute volume".

Use of an SpO2 monitor on a person suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning will be inaccurate because ___________.

A. The oxygen has stronger bonding properties than the CO2 molecule B. CO2 is odorless and tasteless so the monitor cannot detect it C. Carbon monoxide has a weaker bond with the hemoglobin D. The carbon monoxide molecule displaces the oxygen molecule inhibiting oxygen delivery D: Reason: The carbon monoxide molecule has a stronger bond to the hemoglobin and displace oxygen molecules leaving them essentially stranded in the blood. While the monitor may show a number in the mid 90's?it does not mean that oxygen is reaching the tissue and perfusing correctly.

If a person has dyspnea what is happening?

A. They are vomiting B. They are having trouble breathing C. They cannot breath D. They are incontinent B: Reason: Problems breathing is termed dyspnea. Dys refers to difficulty and pnea refers to breathing.

Besides being the center of speech, what other function do the vocal cords perform?

A. They protect the lower airway. B. They protect the upper airway. C. They protect the airway of conscious patients during swallowing. D. They protect the airway of unconscious patients during swallowing. A: Reason: The vocal cords protect the lower airway, causing a spasmodic closure to the lower airway in order prevent substances from entering the trachea.

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the Oropharyngeal airway?

A. To make it easier to suction the oropharynx B. To keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway C. To keep the tongue from blocking the lower airway D. To allow the passage of air to the lungs C: Reason: The purposes of an Oropharyngeal airway include: Make it easier to suction oropharynx, keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway, and allow the passage of air to the lungs. It has no impact on the lower airway.

Which of the following choices would be included in the lower airway?

A. Trachea - alveoli - uvula B. Epiglottis - oropharynx - vestibular fold C. Trachea - bronchial tree - alveoli D. Vocal cords - pharynx - epiglottis C: Reason The lower airway is the trachea, bronchial tree, and alveoli. Everything above the trachea is considered upper airway.

You are dispatched to an amusement park where a 16-month-old boy is reported to have something wedged in his throat. Dispatch says that the child is breathing, but it sounds very noisy like a whistle. Upon arrival you can see that the child is breathing with stridor, is pale, and is beginning to turn blue around the lips. What is the best treatment plan for this patient?

A. Try to see the object in the child's throat and remove with your fingers if possible. Call for additional help if unable to remove the object. B. Give the child 3 back slaps and 3 abdominal thrusts. If the object does not dislodge, begin transport with non-reabreather mask and O2. C. Begin transport while giving blow-by oxygen. Continue to monitor the status of the child's airway en route to the hospital. D. Perform pediatric Heimlich thrusts with an upward motion slightly lower than those used on adults. C: Reason: The best choice is to begin transport while giving blow-by oxygen. As the child's airway is not completely occluded and he is still exchanging air, you should begin moving toward definitive care while providing additional oxygen. Using a mask to provide oxygen to a patient with a foreign body airway obstruction is contraindicated.

Cheyne-Stokes breathing is characterized by __________.

A. Uneven breaths with periods of apnea B. Rapid breathing very shallow C. Deep rapid breaths D. Bradypnea A: Reason: Cheyne-Stokes is often seen in head injuries and is characterized by uneven or progressive breaths with periods of apnea.

Reassessment consists of:

A. Vitals, repeat secondary assessment, check interventions B. Repeat primary survey, check vitals, review chief complaint, check interventions C. Repeat vitals, repeat primary survey, repeat secondary survey D. Repeat initial assessment, check interventions, repeat vital signs B: Reason: According to the NES the reassessment should consist of redoing the primary survey followed by taking vital signs, re-evaluating the patient's chief complaint and then checking any interventions that you may have made.

You should ventilate a patient with a BVM ___________________.

A. With only as much air as is needed for adequate chest rise B. Aggressively, giving them all the air available in the BVM C. Until medical control says to use the AED D. Only after you know they are apneic A: Reason: Use only enough air to make the chest rise adequately. You don't need to use the entire volume of the BVM.

The respiratory system _____________________ and ___________________ .

A. helps warm the lungs; helps in the maintenance of the circulatory system B. helps cool the body; helps clean the lymph system C. allows waste products to enter the lungs and blood supply; allows oxygen to leave the blood and lungs D. allows oxygen to enter the lungs and blood supply; allows waste products to leave the blood and lungs. D: Reason: The respiratory system is a passageway for oxygen to enter the lungs and blood supply and allows waste to leave the blood and lungs.