ALKALOIDS part 2 huhu
Nux vomica ( dried ripe seed of Strychnos nux- vomica)
B: alcohol denaturant S: central stimulant (block inhibitory spinal impulses, leading to tonic convulsions)
Khat / Abyssinian Tea (Catha edulis)
Const: cathinone< has similar properties as that of amphetamine> alleviate hunger and fatigue; induces catecholamine release from storage
Theobromine (seed of Theobroma cacao)
Diuretic in cardiac and pulmonary edema
Colchicum / Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale)
acute gout
meperidine and fentanyl
anesthetic
diphenoxylate and loperamide
antidiarrheal
Catharanthus / Vinca / Periwinkle / Chichirica (Catharanthus roseus)
antineoplastic, oncolytic
hydrocodone
antitussive
noscapine / narcotine
antitussive, no narcotic properties ("anarcotine")
codeine / methylmorphine
antitussive, sedative, narcotic analgesic
Thea / Tea (leaves of Camellia sinensis)
caffeine, theobromine, theophylline
apomorphine
central emetic for poisonings; dehydrated morphine
Ignatia / St. Ignatius Bean (Strychnos ignatii)
commercial source of strychnine (used as vermin killer) and brucine
Ergot / Rye Ergot / Secale cornutum
derivative of lysergic acid
Ergot / Rye Ergot / Secale cornutum
ergotism: 1) gangrenous - "St. Anthony's Fire"; due to vasoconstrictive effect 2) convulsive - associated with vitamin A
Green or American Hellebore (Veratrum viride)
germidine, germitrine;
heroin / diacetylmorphine
habit-forming more pronounced effects than morphine
Ololiuqui (Rivea corymbosa and other Ipomoea spp.)
hallucinogenic, has lysergic acid amide (ergine)
White or European Hellebore (Veratrum album)
hypotensive, but used as insecticide
Green or American Hellebore (Veratrum viride)
hypotensive, cardiac depressant, sedative, but used as insecticide
Theobromine (seed of Theobroma cacao)
little CNS stimulation, preferred over caffeine in treatment of cardiac edema and angina
Peyote / Mescal buttons (Lophophora williamsii)
mescaline: first psychotomimetic, hallucinogen, euphoric
morphine
most important opium alkaloid
morphine
narcotic analgesic, hypnotic
codeine / methylmorphine
obtained from methylation of morphine or of thebaine
Physostigma / Calabar Bean / Ordeal Bean (Physostigma venenosum)
physostigmine or eserine
Pilocarpus / Jaborandi (leaflets of Pilocarpus jaborandi)
pilocarpine; use: muscarinic agonist treatment of glaucoma
ephedrine
potent sympathomimetic
hydromorphone
powerful narcotic analgesic, strong respiratory depressant
White or European Hellebore (Veratrum album)
protoveratrine A and B;
theophylline
relief of asthma; reversible spasm in emphysema and bronchitis
Rauwolfia (dried root of Rauvolfia serpentina) Apocynaceae
reserpine
papaverine
smooth muscle relaxant, antitussive
Nux vomica ( dried ripe seed of Strychnos nux- vomica)
strychnine and brucine
ephedra / Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica)
use: combat hypotensive states, nasal congestion, asthma, allergic conditions
Theobromine (seed of Theobroma cacao)
use: diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant; theobroma as suppository base
Rauwolfia (dried root of Rauvolfia serpentina) Apocynaceae
use: hypotensive, sedative, tranquilizer, psychotherapeutic effect , Treatment of snake bites to insanity
Physostigma / Calabar Bean / Ordeal Bean (Physostigma venenosum)
use: treat glaucoma, Myasthenia gravis, antidote to anticholinergic poisoning
Colchicum / Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale)
used in plant genetics because it can double the chromosomes
Catharanthus / Vinca / Periwinkle / Chichirica (Catharanthus roseus)
vinblastine, vincristine
