ALKALOIDS part 2 huhu

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Nux vomica ( dried ripe seed of Strychnos nux- vomica)

B: alcohol denaturant S: central stimulant (block inhibitory spinal impulses, leading to tonic convulsions)

Khat / Abyssinian Tea (Catha edulis)

Const: cathinone< has similar properties as that of amphetamine> alleviate hunger and fatigue; induces catecholamine release from storage

Theobromine (seed of Theobroma cacao)

Diuretic in cardiac and pulmonary edema

Colchicum / Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale)

acute gout

meperidine and fentanyl

anesthetic

diphenoxylate and loperamide

antidiarrheal

Catharanthus / Vinca / Periwinkle / Chichirica (Catharanthus roseus)

antineoplastic, oncolytic

hydrocodone

antitussive

noscapine / narcotine

antitussive, no narcotic properties ("anarcotine")

codeine / methylmorphine

antitussive, sedative, narcotic analgesic

Thea / Tea (leaves of Camellia sinensis)

caffeine, theobromine, theophylline

apomorphine

central emetic for poisonings; dehydrated morphine

Ignatia / St. Ignatius Bean (Strychnos ignatii)

commercial source of strychnine (used as vermin killer) and brucine

Ergot / Rye Ergot / Secale cornutum

derivative of lysergic acid

Ergot / Rye Ergot / Secale cornutum

ergotism: 1) gangrenous - "St. Anthony's Fire"; due to vasoconstrictive effect 2) convulsive - associated with vitamin A

Green or American Hellebore (Veratrum viride)

germidine, germitrine;

heroin / diacetylmorphine

habit-forming more pronounced effects than morphine

Ololiuqui (Rivea corymbosa and other Ipomoea spp.)

hallucinogenic, has lysergic acid amide (ergine)

White or European Hellebore (Veratrum album)

hypotensive, but used as insecticide

Green or American Hellebore (Veratrum viride)

hypotensive, cardiac depressant, sedative, but used as insecticide

Theobromine (seed of Theobroma cacao)

little CNS stimulation, preferred over caffeine in treatment of cardiac edema and angina

Peyote / Mescal buttons (Lophophora williamsii)

mescaline: first psychotomimetic, hallucinogen, euphoric

morphine

most important opium alkaloid

morphine

narcotic analgesic, hypnotic

codeine / methylmorphine

obtained from methylation of morphine or of thebaine

Physostigma / Calabar Bean / Ordeal Bean (Physostigma venenosum)

physostigmine or eserine

Pilocarpus / Jaborandi (leaflets of Pilocarpus jaborandi)

pilocarpine; use: muscarinic agonist treatment of glaucoma

ephedrine

potent sympathomimetic

hydromorphone

powerful narcotic analgesic, strong respiratory depressant

White or European Hellebore (Veratrum album)

protoveratrine A and B;

theophylline

relief of asthma; reversible spasm in emphysema and bronchitis

Rauwolfia (dried root of Rauvolfia serpentina) Apocynaceae

reserpine

papaverine

smooth muscle relaxant, antitussive

Nux vomica ( dried ripe seed of Strychnos nux- vomica)

strychnine and brucine

ephedra / Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica)

use: combat hypotensive states, nasal congestion, asthma, allergic conditions

Theobromine (seed of Theobroma cacao)

use: diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant; theobroma as suppository base

Rauwolfia (dried root of Rauvolfia serpentina) Apocynaceae

use: hypotensive, sedative, tranquilizer, psychotherapeutic effect , Treatment of snake bites to insanity

Physostigma / Calabar Bean / Ordeal Bean (Physostigma venenosum)

use: treat glaucoma, Myasthenia gravis, antidote to anticholinergic poisoning

Colchicum / Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale)

used in plant genetics because it can double the chromosomes

Catharanthus / Vinca / Periwinkle / Chichirica (Catharanthus roseus)

vinblastine, vincristine


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