All Domains Questions

Medicaid benefits apply to: a. healthy adults b. a 60 year old female c. those at nutritional risk d. low income individuals

d. low income individuals

With a CHO:insulin ratio of 16:1, how much insulin is needed with this meal? 2 ounces beef, 2/3 cup steamed brown rice, 1/2 cup cooked beets, 1 slice bread, 1 teaspoon butter, 1/2 cup vanilla ice cream a. 7 units b. 6 units c. 5 units d. 4 units

d. 4 units

An infant requires 340 calories/24 hours. How many ounces of formula should be given every 6 hours? a. 2 oz b. 3 oz c. 3.5 oz d. 4.25 oz

d. 4.25 oz I think its 24/6 = 4oz not sure.

In dry storage, the humidity should be: a. 20-30% b. 30-40% c. 40-50% d. 50-60%

d. 50-60%

What % of PRO and Fat converts to glucose? A. 58% PRO 10% fat B. 10% PRO, 60 % fat C. 30 % PRO, 30% fat D. 20% PRO, 40% fat

A. 58% PRO 10% fat* (half of AA's are highly glucogenic)

Food iron is reduced in the stomach to the more absorbable form of: A. ferric B. ferrous C. transferrin D. ferritin

B. ferrous*

The level of significance of test results is measured using the p value. Which of the following represents the most significant factor? A. <0.0002 B. <0.002 C. <0.02 D. <0.20

A. <0.0002

All baking powders contain A. Sodium bicarbonate B. tartrate C. phosphate D. acetate

A. Sodium bicarbonate* 1) tartrate - As food additives, tartrates are used as antioxidants, acidity regulators, and emulsifiers. 2) acetate - added to many foods as an acidity regulator, emulsifier and preservative

Fresh meat contamination comes mainly from: A. botulism B. Staph C. clostridium D. salmonella

A. botulism (dented cans) B. Staph C. clostridium D. salmonella*

Glycolysis is the: A. catabolism of CHO B. creation of glucose from Glycerol (fat) and AA's (PRO) (Gluconeogenesis) C. break down of glycogen releasing glucose (glycogenolysis) D. creation of glycogen

A. catabolism of CHO* B. creation of glucose from Glycerol (fat) and AA's (PRO) (Gluconeogenesis) C. break down of glycogen releasing glucose (glycogenolysis) D. creation of glycogen

To determine the reading level of a text: A. count the # of words w/ more than 1 syllable B. count the # of paragraphs C. count the avg # of letter in a paragraph D. countr the average # of letters in the words

A. count the # of words w/ more than 1 *syllable* (should be kept at a 8th grade level*) B. count the # of paragraphs C. count the avg # of letter in a paragraph D. countr the average # of letters in the words

Which hormone is involved in developing the placenta? A. progesterone B. estrogen C. lactogen D. testosterone

A. progesterone

A high protein diet increases the need for A. riboflavin and water B. thiamin C. water D. ascorbic acid

A. riboflavin and water*

Which is the dependent variable? A. storage days B. oven temp C. volume D. leavening

A. storage days (indep) B. oven temp (independent) C. volume* (This will depend on A,B,D how of the volume will be) D. leavening (independent)

What function is served by glycerol monostearate? a. adds to the taste of the food b. acts as an emulsifier c. acts as an antioxidant d. acts as a humectant

d. acts as a humectant

Which pigment does *not change* color in an *acid* or an *alkaline* solution? A. anthocynanin (blue, changes color) B. chlorophyll (green changes to brownish) C. carotenoid (stay orange the whole time) D. flavones

C. carotene (stay orange the whole time)*

The Dietitian says to the client: "I hear you say that on some days you cannot stay with the plan. Is that right? This is: A. a statement of affirmation B. an open-ended question C. a reassuring response D. reflective listening

D. reflective listening

Which of the following foods are safe? a. beef stew at 160'F b. potato salad at 75'F c. tuna casserole at 100'F d. egg salad at 80'F

a. beef stew at 160'F

A strict Muslim would not consume: a. fruited gelatin, ham b. dairy products c. non-carbonated beverages d. eggs, cheese

a. fruited gelatin, ham

A patient with low hemoglobin and low MCV might have: a. microcytic anemia b. macrocytic anemia c. megaloblastic anemia d. normochromic anemia

a. microcytic anemia

Medicare is for: a. the elderly b. the financially needy c. those at nutritional risk d. those with medical needs

a. the elderly

How many calories are in 1.5 liters of a 25% dextrose solution? a. 850 b. 1275 c. 1000 d. 1500

b. 1275 1500ml *.25= 375*3.4=1275

Forty entrees of fish cost $2.00 per serving. Total sales for the fish came to $240.00. What was the food cost percentage. a. 25% b. 33% c. 50% d. 60%

b. 33% 40entrees x $2.00/svg = $80/$240 x 100 = 33%

Infuse a peripheral solution at a maximum rate of how many mOsm/L? a. 300 b. 800 c. 1400 d. 2000

b. 800

The use of a sugar substitute is regulated by: a. NIH b. FDA c. WHO d. FTC

b. FDA

An infant formula for lactose intolerance might include: I. whey, coconut oil II. casein hydrolysate, corn oil, glucose III. soy protein, corn syrup solids IV. sodium caseinate, hydrolyzed cornstarch a. I, II, III b. II, III c. II d. I, III

b. II, III II. casein hydrolysate, corn oil, glucose III. soy protein, corn syrup solids

A Dietitian's documents their work on time. This is an example of: a. responsibility b. accountability c. courtesy d. good time management

b. accountability

If a patient cannot metabolize urea properly, what will accumulate in his blood? a. uric acid b. ammonia c. protein d. glucose

b. ammonia

Quickly stopping a 25% dextrose solution leads to: a. hyperglycemia b. hypoglycemia c. hypophosphatemia d. hyperkalemia

b. hypoglycemia

The immediate post-stress release of glucagon: a. increases glucose uptake into cells b. increases glucose release into the bloodstream c. increases insulin release d. increases fluid and sodium excretion

b. increases glucose release into the bloodstream

Which of the following is least valuable in a specification? a. grade and brand b. quality tolerance limits c. count per container or number per pound d. the unit on which price will be based

b. quality tolerance limits

What is the major reason for installing automated equipment? a. easier to use b. rising labor cost c. easier to clean d. greater flexibility

b. rising labor cost

A component of the DRI's is the EAR which is used: a. to assess the nutrient adequacy of an individual b. to assess the nutrient adequacy of a population c. when evidence is not available to calculate an RDA d. to reduce the risk of adverse health effects from overconsumption

b. to assess the nutrient adequacy of a population

Which of the following is not a sign of marasmus? a. severe protein and calorie wasting b. weight loss c. edema d. low anthropometric measurements

c. edema

Which nutrient would most effectively reduce starvation ketosis? a. corn oil b. MCT oil c. glucose d. essential amino acids

c. glucose CARBS

How many 5 ounce servings will be available from 9 lbs rw meat with 65% yield? a. 12 b. 14 c. 16 d. 18

9lb * 16 oz (16oz = 1lb) = 144 oz x .65 = 93.6/5 = 18.72

Which is the best way to teach *food service workers* to prepare a *full liquid diet* or new menu item A. video and discussion B. prepare it themselves C. written instructions D. demonstration, then have them prepare it

D. *demonstration*, then have them prepare it (actually showing the workers and having them do it themselves is the best way!)

Normal saline has _____ mEq Na/L A. 154 B. 100 C. 50 D. 200

D. 200 *

At what age should children be measured standing up? A. 6 months B. 12 months C. 18 months D. 24 months

D. 24 months

Biotin (B9) is considered a coenzyme in the synthesis of? A. protein (B6) B. CHO (B1, B2, B3) C. glycogen D. Fatty Acids

D. Fatty Acids*

A serum Na level of 150 mEq/L is a sign of A. Very H Na intake B. Very low Na intake C. hyponatremia D. Hypernatremia

D. Hypernatremia* Hypernatremia - high concetration of Na in the blood. Hypernatremia is generally defined as a serum sodium level of more than 145 mmol/L. Severe symptoms typically only occur when levels are above 160 mmol/L

Which of the following methods is *most effective* for *marketing a nutrition program* to an inner city, *Hispanic* population A. Spanish-language brochures written at the high school level B. public service announcements on TV C. radio messages D. Spanish food demonstrations at a local grocery store

D. Spanish food *demonstrations* at a local grocery store* (ask you can see from the following Q's, demonstrations are gold standard)

Before you teach a class on nutrition, you should A. research all current materials at the library B. read a current nutrition textbook C. take a survey to determine what they are interested in D. assess the students's current nutrition knowledge

D. assess the students's current nutrition knowledge* (this way you're not teaching them stuff too easy or too hard that they can't comprehend or already have a knowledge base)

A research study was done on plate waste. "plate waste for breakfast is more than dinner. This was due to familiarity and popularity of the food." *What section* of the *research* report would that statement be *found*? A. methodology B. results C. implications D. discussion

D. discussion*

An edematous person may actually be dehydrated because A. intravasuclar fluid is retain B. intravascular fluid is diluted C. fluid is retained intracellularly D. fluid is retained extracellularly

D. fluid is retained extracellularly Edematous (fluid accumulation) http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/254fluidexcess.html

Which conversation requires glucose-6-phosphatase? A. glucose into live glycogen B. glucose into pyruvic acid C. pyruvic acid into lactic acid D. liver glycogen into glucose

D. liver glycogen into glucose*

Dry heat cookery should be used for which cut of meat? A. shoulder B. neck C. brisket D. near the backbone

D. near the backbone* A-C need to be slow roasted cooked to breakdown the heavy connective tissue

You are analyzing a client's physical ability to prepare meals. The learning domain is: A. conceptual B. affective C. human D. psychomotor

D. psychomotor

An increased plasma pyruvate level is an indication of: A. iron deficiency B. riboflavin c. excess carbohydrate ingestion D. thiamin deficiency

D. thiamin deficiency Without sufficient thiamin, animals have impared pyruvate utilization, causing increased plasma pyruvate levels and a shortage of cellular ATP

Meat graded "US Standard" is the *grade given* at the: A. time of purchase B. time of delivery C. storage facility D. time of slaughter

D. time of slaughter*

When is breast-feeding contraindicated? A. when the mother is underweight B. when the mother has hyperlipidemia C. when the mother has a breast infection D. when the mother has AIDS

D. when the mother has AIDS

Infants should be given solid foods at: A. 4-6 months B. 3-4 months C. 2-4 months D. 6-8 months

A. 4-6 months

Butter has FA's in this order of predominance A. PUFA, MUFA, SFA B. SAT, MUFA, PUFA C. MUFA, SAT, PUFA D. MUFA, PUFA, SAT

A. PUFA, MUFA, SFA (cottonseed, corn) B. SAT, MUFA, PUFA * (coconut, palm) C. MUFA, SAT, PUFA D. MUFA, PUFA, SAT (olive oil, canola)

Where is lactose absorbed? A. small intestines B. stomach C. pancreas (only hormone release) D. liver

A. SI * (villi of langerhan)

The formula that counts the # of polysyllabic words in text to calculate the reading level is the: A. SMOG index B. BACM index C. smith reading index D. Text index

A. SMOG index (A measure of readability that estimates the years of education needed to understand a piece of writing) B. BACM index C. smith reading index (a readability test designed to gauge the understandability of a text) D. Text index (Part of a CREATE TABLE statement, or added later using ALTER TABLE or CREATE INDEX)

What causes egg yolk color to change? A. alteration of the feed provided* (dark yellow/orange= more nutritious) B. storage length C. shell color D. storage conditions

A. alteration of the feed provided* (dark yellow/orange= more nutritious)

If Pt's in a counseling session become *restless* A. shorten the sessions B. use a series of guest speakers C. realize that this is to be expected D. cancel sessions

A. shorten the sessions* (shorter, quicker education will suit this patient best. They may not be able to pay attention for long periods of time)

A client returns for a follow-up visit after diet instruction and states: "I have not lost any wt on this diet." You should respond with A. " did you follow my advice" B. "What is your typical day like" C. "did you follow the exercise plan" D. " have you been eating out"

B. "What is your typical day like"* (see where in their day are they missing meals, working, what they're eating, etc.)*

A behavioral strategy for *weight control* intended to limit exposure to food would require an individual to: A. record daily food intake B. portion the food before serving at the table C. clear the table immediately after eating D. put the fork down between bites

B. *portion the food* before serving at the table* (if already portioned and no extra food is out, it decrease the likelihood to over eat.

How much fluid is lost through insensible losses? A. 0.5 liters B. 1 liter C. 2 liters D. 3 liters

B. 1 liter Insensible losses - Water loss due to: Trans-epidermal diffusion: water that passes through the skin and is lost by evaporation, and. Evaporation water loss from the respiratory tract or urine

The toxic level of Vit A has been identified as: A. 5,000 B. 10,000 C. 15,000 D. 20,000

B. 10,000* NL levels are 400-1,000

What is the normal weight gain during the first trimester? A. 1-2 lbs B. 2-5 lbs C. 5-8 lbs D. 8-10 lbs

B. 2-5 lbs * NL 25-35lb wt gain * for obese 20-30lb wt gain * Underwt mom 30-40lb gain

A food item provides 45 grams of carbohydrate, 10 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat. What percent of total calories comes from fat? A. 34% B. 29% C. 23% D. 20%

B. 29% 45 x 4 = 180kcal 10 x 4 = 40kcal 10 x 9 = 90kcal 180+40+90 = 310. 90kcal/310 = ~29%

What *reading level* is appropriate for *written materials* for a population w/ *low literacy skills*? A. 4th grade B. 6th grade C. 8th grade D. 9th grade

B. 6th grade *

Which of the following combines with CoA in 2 carbon fragments to make acetyl CoA to then enter the krebs cycle to make energy A. lactic acid B. Fatty Acids C. glucose D. fructose

B. FA's* Glycolysis => end product pyruvate => Acetylc CoA Between this ^ NADH adds a phosphate => NADPH which needs FA's to convert.

A hospital RD attempting to implement the baby friendly hospital initiative to enhance successful breast-feeding should first: A. send a cover letter and summary of the initiative to all hospital staff B. Form a multidisciplinary task force to develop and implementation plan C. offer an in-service training session about the benefits of breast feeding D. investigate the feasibility of rooming in for mothers and infants

B. Form a multidisciplinary task force to develop and implementation plan*

To determine the effectiveness of an *8th grade nutrition program* to be offered throughout a city: A. First determine how many schools are willing to offer the program B. Pilot test the program in one school C. request a review of the program by local RD's D. offer an incentive for schools to provide the program

B. Pilot test the program in one school* (test at one place and if it was shown to work then you have evidence to bring your program to other schools*)

Pie crust is moist the day after baking. Why? A. overcooking of the crust B. Retrogradation of filing C. too much egg in the recipe D. inadequate flour

B. Retrogradation of filing * Retrogradation - A reaction that takes place in gelatinized starch when the amylose and amylopectin chains realign themselves, causing the liquid to gel

Which of the following should be avoided on a low Na diet? A. Pork loin B. Turkey roll C. Beef sirloin D. lamb chop

B. Turkey roll (processed meat have H Na content to preserve and fore long shelf life

When taking an anti-cogulant, avoid the following A. Thiamin supplements B. Vit E supplements above 400 IU per day C. supplements w/ Ca and Vit D D. niacin supplements

B. Vit E supplements above 400 IU per day (causes increase risk in bleed)*

If you replace *half and half* with *whipping Cream* in ice cream, the effects of the ice crystals will be? A. an increase in size due to less fat B. a decrease in size due to more fat C. no change D. an increase in size due to more fat

B. a decrease in size due to more fat*

Which of the following is a common cause of salmonella in a salad bar? A. fresh fruit B. egg salad C. lettuce and tomatoes D. pickles

B. egg salad (eggs and chicken common culprits)

In behavior modification, the absence of reinforcement following an undesired behavior is referred to as: A. avoidance learning B. extinction C. negative reinforcement D. negative consequence

B. extinction

Which is the primary fuel used by resting muscle and at low intensity exercise? A. glucose B. fatty acids C. branch chain amino acids D. keto-acids

B. fatty acids

Reasearch has shown that *neural tube defects* can be reduced with proper supplementation of: A. iron (they may need to supplement but not related to NTB) B. folic acid C. glutamine D. arginine

B. folic acid* Remember back always relate this one with children and pregnant mothers*** What is essential for mother during pregnancy*

Which of the following indicates stunted growth? A. weight for height B. height for age C. weight for age D. weight for length

B. height for age

An advantage of using *focus groups* to collect data is that they: A. help you generalize to larger populations B. help the researcher understand participants perspectives C. help participants stay focused on the topic D. are inexpensive because many can be interviewed at once

B. help the researcher understand participants perspectives* (due to the brainstorming and bringing everyone together to speak about their ideas)

Frozen peas appear *dull* in color during serving. What should be investigated? A. storage temp B. holding time during heating (pheophytin + increased heat = olive color) C. use different cooking equipment D. selection vendor

B. holding time during heating (pheophytin + increased heat = olive color) *

When substituting buttermilk for whole milk in pastry: A. decrease the liquid B. increasing baking soda C. increase the amt. of butter D. increase the liquid

B. increasing baking soda (leavening agent that cause batters to rise when baked, alkaline)*

To determine the effectiveness of a nutrition program to be offered at fitness facilities throughout the city: A. first determine how many locations are willing to offer the program B. pilot test the program in one location C. request a review of the program by local dietitians D. offer an incentive for facilities to provide the program

B. pilot test the program in one location

Ascorbic acid aids in healing. Which of the following applies? A. collagen => hydroxyproline B. proline => hydroxyproline (added hydrogen group) => collagen C. hydroxyproline => proline => collagen D. hydroxyproline => collagen

B. proline => hydroxyproline (added hydrogen group) => collagen*

The end product of aerobic gylcolysis is A. acetyl-coa B. pyruvic acid C. lactic acid D. glycogen

B. pyruvic acid*

If you measure a group before and after a treatment to see whether or not there has been a significant change, the study design is: A. experimental B. quasi-experimental C. descriptive D. qualitative

B. quasi-experimental

The hormone epinephrine: A. lowers BG during catabolic stress B. raise BG during catabolic stress C. is secreted by the pituitary gland D. stimulates glycogen production

B. raise BG during catabolic stress* epi and norepi think of "fight or flight mode"

A *three day recall* is done and then repeated in 2 months. This test is done to test A. validity B. reliability C. precision D. assessment

B. reliability*

Which of the following has the most bacteria? A. roasted chicken B. roast beef C. roast veal D. roast pork

B. roast beef (more surface area)

Lactase is produced in the: A. stomach B. small intestine C. gallbladder D. pancreas

B. small intestine*

Protein digestion begins in the: A. mouth B. stomach C. Small intestines D. Iliuem

B. stomach* (pepsin and trypsin released here)

A typical meal of a pregnant teenager consists of a hamburger, French fries and diet soda. Which of the following changes would be most beneficial? A. substitute fresh vegetables for French fries B. substitute a milkshake for diet soda C. add fresh fruit to the meal D. add another hamburger

B. substitute a milkshake for diet soda

The first step in planning a continuing education program is to: A. locate the guest speakers B. survey participants to see what interests them C. survey other groups to see what they are doing D. select a topic that has not been offered lately

B. survey participants to see what interests them

The breast-fed infant is drinking primarily colostrum for: A. the first 24 hours B. the first few days C. 1-2 weeks D. 3 months

B. the first few days (then your left with the regular press milk)*

Which of the following best *encourages a client* to take responsibility for *making appropriate dietary *changes? A. "Do you think you will be able to do that" B. " will you have family support for these change?" C. "what change will you be comfortable trying first?" D. "These changes should not be too difficult for you should they?"

C. "what change will you be comfortable trying first?"* (giving the Pt an option and letting them take take part in the decision will increase the likelihood they make a change)

According to the ADA exchange lists, what is the nutrient content of the following: 1 cup raspberries, 1/2 cup cereal, 1 cup 1% milk, 1 tsp. margarine, black coffee, 1 slice toast, 1 egg Calories, Protein, CHO, Fat a. 397 12 61 6.5 b. 346 12 52 9 c. 365 21 57 14 d. 327 13 58 10

C. 365 21 57 14

Which cheese has the highest moisture content? A. cheddar B. Swiss C. Mozzarella D. gorgonzola

C. Mozzarella

To prevent frozen gravy from separating when thawed: A. reheat slowly and stir constantly (thins back out) B. thaw it before heating and stir constantly C. Prepare it with modified corn starch (thickener) D. Cook it longer before freezing to stabilize the gravy

C. Prepare it with modified corn starch (thickener)*

Nitrites added to cured meats may cause: A. a slightly salty taste B. a slightly sour taste C. a slightly pink color D. a slightly brown color

C. a slightly pink color

If there is not enough oxaloacetic acid available to the TCA cycle: A. pyruvic acid cannot be converted to acetyl CoA B. glucose-6-phosphate cannot be converted to pyruvic acid C. acetyl-CoA coming in from fat cannot be handled properly D. glycogen cannot be converted back to glucose-6-phosphate

C. acetyl-CoA coming in from fat cannot be handled properly and it is diverted to form ketone bodies

Water soluble nutrients are absorbed through: A. active transport B. simple diffusion C. carrier-facilitated passive diffusion D. inactive transport

C. carrier-facilitated passive diffusion

A study reported *10%* morbidity rate in infants in the *country* and a *12%* morbidity rate for infants in the *city*. This means that A.10% of infants died in the country B. more infants died in the city than in the country C. more disease in infants in the city than in the country* D. more disease in infants in the country in the city

C. more disease in infants in the city than in the country* Morbidity- the condition of being diseased. Mobility- number of people who die

Which best describes sorbitol and glucose? A. sorbitol is sweeter than glucose (opposite) B. they each provide 7 kcal per gram (that's alcohol) C. sorbitol is more slowly absorbed D. they both convert into fructose

C. sorbitol is more slowly absorbed*

How many quarts of batter are needed to make 144 muffins using a #12 scoop? a. 12 b. 16 c. 22 d. 6

a. 12 Scoop # = # of scoops/serving you get from 1 Qt So, #12 scoops will give you 12 serving per Qt Work: 144 muffins/12 serving per Qt = 12

How many calories are provided in 1.5 liters of D25W? a. 1275 b. 2275 c. 1500 d. 2000

a. 1275 1500mlx.25 375*3.4= 1275

How many 4 oz. servings can you get from 1 gallon of ice cream? a. 32 b. 26 c. 22 d. 18

a. 32 1G = 128oz 128oz/4oz = 32 servings

A TPN solution is to be delivered at 50 ml per hour at 3/4 strength. What is the appropriate order? a. 900 ml formula, 300 ml water b. 600 ml formula, 600 ml water c. 800 ml formula, 400 ml water d. 300 ml formula, 900 ml water

a. 900 ml formula, 300 ml water 50 x 18=900 24hrs/4= 6x3=18

When using the ABC inventory classification system, the tightest controls are needed for the: a. A items b. B items c. C items d. A, B, and C items

a. A items

Nursing can participate in which step of the Nutrition Care Process? a. Assessment b. Diagnosis c. Intervention d. Monitor and Evaluation

a. Assessment

The absorption of calcium and iron is likely to be affected by the: a. Billroth II procedure b. ileostomy c. cholecystectomy d. Billroth I procedure

a. Billroth II procedure Surgical procedures: Billroth I (gastroduodenostomy)- attaches the remaining stomach to the duodenum Billroth II (gastrojejunostomy)- attaches it to the jejunum. When food bypasses the duodenum, the secretion of secretin and pancreozymin by the duodenum is reduced. Hormones stimulate pancreas so there is now little pancreatic secretion. Calcium (rapid absorption in duodenum), iron (req acid) More serious.

Which of the following has the quickest onset of food-borne illness? a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Clostridium botulinum c. Clostridium perfringens d. Campylobacter jejuni

a. Staphylococcus aureus - 1 - 7 hours after ingestion: nausea, vomiting, pain, diarrhea, NO FEVER.

Which of the following directly assists the greatest number of people? a. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program b. National School Lunch Program c. Child and Adult Care Program d. Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

a. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program- LARGEST FOOD ASSITANCE program; ENTITLEMENT. Low income with monthly benefits, net income must be at or below certain % of poverty level; income limits vary by household size, and are adj to the cost of living. Designed to increase their purchasing power; not for non-food items. Figures are adj to reflect cost of food in Thrifty Food Plan for June of preceding year - LEAST costly of USDA four food plans. SNAP nutrition ED program: provided to program participants. By USDA

Which of these work center designs discourages through traffic? a. U-shaped b. back to back parallel c. straight line d. square

a. U-shaped c. U shape- large amount of table surface area but walking in and out adds steps d. parallel and back-to-back parallel - very efficient

The dietary intake component of NHANES is: a. WWEIA b. BRFSS c. Ten State Nutrition Survey d. PNSS

a. WWEIA WWEIA- What We Eat In America - dietary intake component of NHANES (also know as NFNS- National Food and Nutrition Survey). Two days of 24 hour dietary recall data with times of eating occasions and sources of foods eaten way from home. USDA conducts over-sampling of adults >60, African Americans, Hispanics

Who has the greatest water, protein, and calorie needs per unit of body weight? a. a 6 month old infant b. a 50 year old female c. a 16 year old male d. a 25 year old male

a. a 6 month old infant

Quality assurance is: a. a measurement of the quality of care provided to patients b. food service oriented c. control of the distribution and service of food d. control of the budget

a. a measurement of the quality of care provided to patients

What is not a likely cause of failure to thrive in a child? a. a vegetarian diet b. a chronic illness c. parenteral food restrictions due to them being overly concerned with obesity d. lack of fiber in the diet

a. a vegetarian diet

Formularies are description of: a. approved treatment regimens b. pharmacy drug specifications c. capital budget items d. semi-variable costs

a. approved treatment regimens Formularies: description of approved products that organization would like all personnel to use (saves money.)

The final step in a union dispute is: a. arbitration b. mediation c. injunction d. check-off

a. arbitration

Gastric irritants include: a. black pepper, chili powder, caffeine, alcohol, cocoa b. seeds, nuts, chili powder, black pepper, alcohol c. caffeine, black pepper, nuts, alcohol d. orange juice, black pepper, chili powder, alcohol

a. black pepper, chili powder, caffeine, alcohol, cocoa

Which nutrient may be absorbed during peritoneal dialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy, thus requiring a modification of his diet? a. carbohydrate b. protein c. fat-soluble vitamins d. water-soluble vitamins

a. carbohydrate

Research suggests that in order to guard against cancer you should ingest: a. carotene and vitamin C b. vitamins C and B12 c. protein and vitamin A d. vitamins E and K

a. carotene and vitamin C

Which system is not labor efficient? a. conventional b. vending c. cafeteria d. assembly serve

a. conventional 1. conventional - all preparations done on premises where meals are served. Foods are prepared and served on the same day (immediate service). Adv- more adaptable to individual preferences, menu flex, low distribution costs, less freezer storage needed Dis- uneven stressful workday, productivity lower, high labor costs.

An example of a postive nutrition care outcome is: a. increased intake of foods high in iron and vitamin C b. increase in the number of participants in a weight management class c. increase in physician referrals to the outpatient department d. decrease in the number of complaints regarding low sodium meals

a. increased intake of foods high in iron and vitamin C

If an employee is not performing well, the first thing to do is to check the: a. job description b. job specification c. job analysis d. work schedule

a. job description Job description- required skills/responsibilities. Matches applicants to job, orientation, training,

When meat is irradiated, the best flavor comes from: a. meat that has been frozen b. fresh meat c. aged meat d. young meat

a. meat that has been frozen irradiated - expose to radiation.

What is the goal of the Dietary Guidelines? a. prevention of chronic disease b. provide standards for SNAP allocation c. provide standards for WIC d. provide standards for EFNEP

a. prevention of chronic disease

The best use of performance appraisals is: a. to improve performance b. to motivate the employee c. to weed out the employees who perform poorly d. to reward those who do well

a. to improve performance

Muscle mass is determined using the: a. triceps skinfold and arm circumference b. skinfold caliper c. BEE d. urinary creatinine measurement

a. triceps skinfold and arm circumference

The transfer of heat when cooking with an induction burner is the: a. use of electrical magnetic fields to energize the metal cooking surface b. movement of heat through direct contact c. distribution of heat by movement of liquid or vapor d. generation of heat by wave action within an object

a. use of electrical magnetic fields to energize the metal cooking surface

Costs which are proportionately responsive to changes in volume are: a. variable b. sunk c. hidden d. fixed

a. variable

Dishes are greasy when unloaded form the dishmachine. What should you check first? a. wash temperature b. rinse temperature c. amount of detergent d. amount of rinse agent

a. wash temperature

A 1500 calorie diabetic diet with 45% of the calories from carbohydrate is prescribed. One third of the carbohydrate grams is met with 1/2 cup orange juice, 1 cup milk, and: a. 1 slice toast b. 2 slices toast c. 2 slices toast and 1/2 cup oatmeal d. 1/2 slice toast

b. 2 slices ONE CHOICE FROM STARCH, FRUIT, OR MILK= 15GM CHO.

Closed enteral nutrition systems can hang for: a. 12 hours b. 24-48 hours c. 12-24 hours d. unlimited because the container is closed

b. 24-48 hours

A crate of oranges weighs 45 lbs and holds 128 oranges. How many crates are needed to produce 8 gallons of orange juice? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

b. 3 • 12 oranges = 1qt • 1 gallon = 4 qt • 128 oranges / 12 oranges = 10.66 qt • 10.66 qt/ 4 qt = 2.66 gallons • 8 gallons / 2.66 gallons = 3crates

The normal range for hemoglobin A1C is: a. 1-2% b. 4-6% c. 10-12% d. 35-40%

b. 4-6%

How wide should an aisle be for two people with a mobile cart to move through? a. 40" b. 50" c. 60" d. 72"

b. 50" lane with >1 person or where mobile equipment passes throgh = 48-52"

Entrée # servings food cost/serving pot roast 70 $1.50 chicken stew 30 .75 spaghetti 40 .60 What is the popularity index for the pot roast? a. 40% c. 60% b. 50% d. 70%

b. 50% Formula: # of servings of an item/ total # of servings of all items in that category that day Work: 70 services pot roast/140 total serving (sum of all entrees) = 0.5 x 100 = 50%

Which of the following types of menus would be most appropriate for a new acute-care facility with an expected length of stay of 2 days? a. static b. 7 day cycle c. 14 day cycle d. 21 day cycle

b. 7 day cycle

How many grams of protein would you receive on a 1500 calorie diet which is 20% protein? a. 70 b. 75 c. 64 d. 300

b. 75 1500*.20=300/4=75

What is the administration rate of enteral feeding if the patient is receiving 1800 ml of a 1 cal/ml solution daily? a. 65 ml/hour b. 75 ml/hour c. 87 ml/hour d. 92 ml/hour

b. 75 ml/hour 1800/24hrs = 75ml/hr

Which best applies to nutritional screening? a. HIPAA standards must be followed b. It should include nutritional parameters c. It is done after nutritional problems are identified d. It is only done on at risk patients

b. It should include nutritional parameters

Trauma can place the patient in: a. an anabolic state b. a hypermetabolic state c. a hypothermic state d. a hypometabolic state

b. a hypermetabolic state

Which of the following would likely have a very low albumin a few days after admission to an acute care hospital? a. a patient with anorexia nervosa b. a patient with a 30% full thickness burn c. a patient with newly diagnosed colon cancer d. a patient with COPD

b. a patient with a 30% full thickness burn

You are involved in planning a prospectus. This is: a. measuring the size of all food service equipment b. a planning guide for a kitchen c. how to arrange the dairy box d. how to document nutrition care

b. a planning guide for a kitchen prospectus - a printed document that advertises or describes a school, commercial enterprise, forthcoming book, etc., in order to attract or inform clients, members, buyers, or investors.

A graphic representation of the separate steps in a procedure using symbols is: a. a flow diagram b. a process chart c. an operation chart d. a cross chart

b. a process chart Process charts- steps involved in process using symbols

Which piece of food service equipment is the least energy efficient? a. convection oven b. deck oven c. steam-jacketed kettle d. rotary oven

b. deck oven

A side effect of the herb yohimbe is: a. lowering of blood pressure b. elevated blood pressure c. hyperglycemia d. hypoglycemia

b. elevated blood pressure Used for sexual dysfunction and it may elevate blood pressure

An athlete weighs more than the average person of his height. What should you do first? a. put him on a slow weight reduction diet b. examine other anthropometric measurements c.have him increase his exercise d. suggest he drink more water

b. examine other anthropometric measurements

A food service manager who supervises 35 employees has a problem with discipline and increased absenteeism. Why? a. decreased unity among managers b. excessive span of control c. decreased unity of control d. excessive unity of command

b. excessive span of control Span of control- # of individuals or dept. under the direction of ONE individual

An example of a tertiary prevention program is: a. at the workplace, coordinate walking groups at lunchtime b. exercise classes in a cardiac rehabilitation program c. cooking classes for heart-healthy eating d. workplace screening for hypertension

b. exercise classes in a cardiac rehabilitation program

If an IDDM tells you she eats meals on an irregular schedule, and often misses meals, you should: a. obtain more information about her usual eating habits b. explain that insulin therapy is related to intake c. do nothing if blood sugar levels are okay d. ask her to complete a detailed food record

b. explain that insulin therapy is related to intake

What type of food would you feed to a patient who has the athetoid form of cerebral palsy? a. milk-based products b. finger foods like a hot dog in a roll c. milk free products d. galactose-free foods

b. finger foods like a hot dog in a roll

In work simplification, which of the following tools is helpful? a. labor turnover rate b. flow chart c. meals per labor minute d. meals per labor hour

b. flow chart . flow chart - shows steps the work must take, their sequences, the relation of working units to each other. Typical food service flowchart design - little cross traffic and no backtracking FIRST STEP IN PLANNING, USE PAPER AND FLOW CHART

In acute hepatitis, you would likely see: a. decreases in SGOT, increase in SGPT b. increase in both SGOT and SGPT c. decrease in both SGOT and SGPT d. increase in SGOT and decrease in SGPT

b. increase in both SGOT and SGPT levels of AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) Acute viral hepatitis (contagious) Inflammation, necrosis, jaundice, anorexia, nausea, fatigue- jaundice occurs when bile ducts are blocked.

Where is the most efficient place to locate the refrigerator and the freezer? a. close to the receiving dock b. near the production area c. close to the serving line d. away from cooked food service

b. near the production line

Esophageal varices may be caused by: a. portal hypotension b. portal hypertension c. a high fiber diet d. a high fiber, high residue diet

b. portal hypertension

A patient with liver disease needs adjustments in the intake of: a. protein, fat, and sodium b. protein, fluids, sodium c. protein, calories, sodium d. fluids, calories, fat

b. protein, fluids, sodium

When a patient is receiving an isotonic, polymeric enteral feeding and the medication Propofol, your concern is: a. not providing adequate protein b. providing too many calories c. delivery of excessive sodium d. development of diarrhea

b. providing too many calories

The ketogenic diet is used to help treat: a. cystic fibrosis b. seizures c. chronic renal failure d. hypotension

b. seizures

Patients with decubitus ulcers will likely demonstrate low: a. serum sodium b. serum albumin c. serum potassium d. serum glucose

b. serum albumin

The allowance for SNAP is based on: a. the average cost of food used by a family of the same size b. the USDA Thrifty Food Program c. data from the Congregate Meal Program d. the cost of the MyPlate components

b. the USDA Thrifty Food Program SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program- LARGEST FOOD ASSITANCE program; ENTITLEMENT. Low income with monthly benefits, net income must be at or below certain % of poverty level; income limits vary by household size, and are adj to the cost of living. Designed to increase their purchasing power; not for non-food items. Figures are adj to reflect cost of food in Thrifty Food Plan for June of preceding year - LEAST costly of USDA four food plans. SNAP nutrition ED program: provided to program participants. By USDA

An athlete needs 4000 calories. The cornflakes nutrient label says that one serving provides 25% of the RDA for CHO. How many servings of cornflakes does he need to get his 25%? a. one b. two c. three d. four

b. two one serving based on 2000kcal. He needs 4000 so it would be double.

Which of the following is permitted on a diet restricting tyramine? a. hard cheese like cheddar or Swiss b. uncured cheese like cottage and ricotta c. pickled or smoked foods d. tofu

b. uncured cheese like cottage and ricotta HTN if taken with MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhinbitor). Eliminate dopamine and restric tyramine (monoamines). MAO inhibitors interact releasing norepinephrine, elevates BP. Restrict aged fermented, dried, pickled, smoked, spoiled foods. Avoid hard, aged cheese (cheddar, swiss), sauerkraut, some sausages, luncheon meats, tofu, miso, chianti wine. Limit sour cream, yogurt, buttermilk. OK: cottage cheese, cream cheese. Good advise: buy, cook, eat fresh foods. Curcumin- turmeric may reduce inflammation, antioxidant, in curry powder

An 8# roast beef cost $2.79/lb. The edible portion is 65%. What is the AP price of the roast? a. $21.19 b. $22.00 c. $22.32 d. $23.04

c. $22.32 *Asking for the AP price, NOT EP price So, AP price = 8# roast beef x $2.79/lb. = $22.32

Using the following data, the average check for September is: Total revenue: $909,009 Net income: $173,010 FTE's: 27.9 Number of customers: 32,613 a. $5.30 b. $6.29 c. $27.87 d. $33.04

c. $27.87 Work: $909,009 (Total revenue)/ 32,613 (# customers) = $27.87

If the productivity goal for a patient tray assembly unit is 4 trays per minute, the unit should be able to assemble approximately 350 trays in: a. 1 hour b. 1 hour 15 minutes c. 1 hour 30 minutes d. 1 hour 45 minutes

c. 1 hour 30 minutes Work: 4 trays in 1 min 1 tray in 1/4 min 350 trays in 350/4 mins = 87.5 (1hr 27.5mins)

How many actual relief employees are needed to cover 20 full-time employee? a. 12 b. 15 c. 11 d. 8

c. 11 Work: 20 x 0.55 = 11 Another way:*Appox. 1.55 employees are necessary for everyday coverage of full time positions 20 full-time employee x 1.55 = 31 31 total works needs - 20 full time = 11 relief employees

Based on an 8hr day, the number of hours worked was 32,567 per year. The total number of hours paid was 36,341 per year. Calculate the number of productive FTE's. a. 2.27 b. 17.47 c. 15.66 d. 28.80

c. 15.66 32567/2080 = 15.66

The elderly need how many ml of water per KG? a. 35-40 b. 45 c. 25-30 d. 25

c. 25-30

What may be asked during an interview? a. Do you own or rent your home? b. Of what country are you a citizen? c. Have you worked at the company under a different name? d. Will you list all organizations, clubs and lodges to which you belong?

c. Have you worked at the company under a different name?

Which bacteria may cause gastric ulcers? a. Salmonella b. Streptococcus aureus c. Helicobacter pylori d. Clostridium perfringens

c. Helicobacter pylori

Preventing a listeria monocytogenes outbreak requires special care because: a. it is insensitive to light b. it is sensitive to low temperatures c. it is able to grow at temperatures of 34-113 F d. it is able to grow at temperatures of 140-140F

c. It is able to grow at temperatures of 34-113 degrees F

Congregate meals and home delivered meals fall under: a. WIC b. EFNEP c. Older Americans Act Nutrition Program Title III d. Medicare

c. Older Americans Act Nutrition Programs Title III

An 80 year old female receives Meals on Wheels. What other nutrition assistance program would she qualify for? a. CACFP b. TEFAP c. SFMNP d. TANF

c. SFMNP SFMNP Senior Farmer's Market Nutrition Program- grants to states to provide low income seniors with coupons to be exchanged for foods at Farmer's Mkt NOT stores. By USDA

Which is not a fiber in the diet? a. cellulose b. hemicellulose c. amylose d. pectin

c. amylose

The immune system reacts to foods that are normally harmless. This is: a. food intoxication b. an inflammatory reponse c. an immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated reaction d. food intolerance

c. an immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated reaction

Which of the following tube feeding ingredients might precipitate an allergic reaction in a child with a milk allergy? a. hydrolyzed maltodextrin b. modified starch c. casein d. carrageenan

c. casein

Results of a patient food satisfaction survey indicate that patients think servings are too large. The Dietitian should first: a. conduct a plate waste survey b. reduce the serving size c. check the serving utensils on the line d. review regulations concerning nutrient requirements

c. check the serving utensils on the line

If a child with cystic fibrosis has daily large, foul-smelling stools you should first check their: a. fecal fat b. total fat intake c. compliance with PERT d. calorie intake

c. compliance with PERT Cystic Fibrosis- disease of exocrine glands- secretion of thick mucus that obstructs glands and ducts: chronic pulmonary disease, pancreatic enzyme def., high perspiration electrolyte levels, malabsorption. Treatment: use age-appropriate BMI to assess ht and wt. PERT- pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy with meals an snacks.

Methylene is added to some types of coffee to: a. retain the flavor b. retain the color c. decaffeinate it d. destroy the bacteria

c. decaffeinate it

Which may help to relieve the symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy? a. increase AAA and decrease BCAA b. decrease ammonia production c. decrease AAA and increase BCAA d. decrease AAA

c. decrease AAA and increase BCAA Altered neurotransmitter theory: BCAA (decrease) (used by muscles for energy). AAA (aromatic amino acids) (increase) because damaged liver is unable to clear them.

The most useful data in evaluating the nutritional status of children is: a. sex and age b. iron and vitamin intake c. energy intake and health history d. height and weight

c. energy intake and health history

A supervising Dietitian who wishes to delegate specific responsibilities should first: a. organize a task force b. check the production schedule c. establish expected outcomes d. establish expected time frames to accomplish the tasks

c. establish expected outcomes

Tube-fed patients should have gastric residuals checked: a. once a day until volume goals have been met b. 2 hours after feeding begins c. every 4 hours during the first 48 hours of feeding d. only if abdomen becomes distended

c. every 4 hours during the first 48 hours of feeding

A side effect of antidepressants is: a. chronic diarrhea b. muscle wasting c. excess weight gain d. nausea and vomiting

c. excess weight gain

What is the best therapy for weight loss? a. reducing 500 calories per day, and exercise b. support groups, exercise, diet control c. exercise, diet, behavior modification d. exercise and diet control

c. exercise, diet, behavior modification

How can you enhance usage of commodity foods from a food donation program? a. teach food donation staff how to use the items b. make a poster on usage c. give each participant recipes using the food items d. calculate the amounts of nutrients provided in the donated foods

c. give each participant recipes using the food items

The theory of obesity that refers to receptors in the hypothalamus is the: a. lipostatic theory b. set point theory c. glucostatic theory d. glucose-obese theory

c. glucostatic theory The glucostatic theory of food intake control postulated that reduced glucose utilization in critical brain regions leads to perception and expression of hunger, and increased glucose utilization in these same glucosensitive sites leads to decreased hunger and cessation of eating

Policies are: a. predetermined goals of management b. statements that provide direction and motivate c. guides that define the scope of permissible activity d. specific task to be performed

c. guides that define the scope of permissible activity

What should you do if you believe theft is occurring in the storeroom? a. install a video camera b. lock the storeroom c. make everyone sign in and out of the storeroom d. limit access to certain hours of the day

c. make everyone sign in and out of the storeroom

An employee consistently calls in sick the day before a holiday. His Supervisor should: a. discuss this with other managers b. telephone the employee to verify the illness c. speak with the employee about the reasons for the absence d. note the issue in his personnel record

c. speak with the employee about the reasons for the absence

Roman Catholic dietary laws state that fish is: a. to be served every Friday all year b. to be served on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday c. to be served on Ash Wednesday and Fridays during Lent d. no longer required on Fridays

c. to be served on Ash Wednesday and Fridays during Lent

What should a Jewish patient include in his diet to increase the intake of zinc? a. fresh green vegetables b. pork c. turkey d. wheat bread

c. turkey

How many FTE's can you hire with a weekly budget of $8,640 if the salary is $12.00/hr? a. 10 b. 13 c. 16 d. 18

d. 18 8640/12 = 720/40 (hrs per week) = 18

How many servings are there in 10 gallons of ice cream using a #16 scoop? a. 320 b. 480 c. 560 d. 640

d. 640 #16 scoop = 1/4c or 2oz. 1G = 128oz Question: 10G ice cream = 10G x 128oz = 1280 oz. 1280 oz total/2 oz. (#16 scoop) = 640 servings

Which religious group can consume alcohol? a. Mormons b. Muslims c. Hindus d. Buddhists

d. Buddhists

What are the similarities between WIC and SNAP? I. regulated by USDA II. have at risk criteria III. have income criteria IV. a health exam is required a. I, II III, IV b. I, II, III c. II, III, IV d. I, III

d. I, III I. regulated by USDA III. have income criteria

Which fat source would be best for a patient with pancreatitis? a. essential fatty acid supplements b. polyunsaturated fats c. LCT d. MCT

d. MCT

A nephrotic syndrome patient with edema has a declining serum albumin level. A contributing factor would be: a. diversion of protein to intracellular spaces b. decreased synthesis by the liver due to catabolic state c. a decreased appetite and less food consumption d. a loss of protein in the urine

d. a loss of protein in the urine

Osteoporosis is most likely to occur in: a. the physically active adult b. a non-smoker c. a black female d. a white female

d. a white female

What is the most important advice to give a patient with a peptic ulcer? a. drink milk every 1-2 hours b. consume small portions c. eat everything in balance d. abstain from spicy food

d. abstain from spicy food

Which is the most appropriate bedtime snack for a diabetic on NPH insulin? a. apple juice and crackers b. graham crackers and diet soda c. fresh fruit and crackers d. cheese and crackers

d. cheese and crackers

If you open sealed bids and place the order with the lowest bid, you are using which buying method? a. informal b. open market c. future contracts d. formal, competitive bid

d. formal, competitive bid Formal, competitive BID (contract) buying a. submit written specifications and quality needs to vendors who then submit a price. b. BIDS are opened together, place order with lowest bid (PRICE)

Bacillus cereus intoxication is most likely to occur following the consumption of? a. macaroni and cheese b. baked beans c. corn pudding d. fried rice

d. fried rice

The symbol U on a food label indicates: a. it is treated with ultraviolet light b. is treated with radiation c. vitamin retention has been retained during processing d. it is a Kosher designation

d. it is a Kosher designation

In community surveys, a frequent symptom of malnutrition is: a. scurvy b. rickets c. low serum albumin d. low hemoglobin

d. low hemoglobin Use height, wt, hematocrit, hemoglobin, cholesterol.

A home-delivered meals program for the elderly chooses a Nonselective menu primarily to: a. control food volume b. encourage client participation c. minimize food drop-off item d. minimize labor cost

d. minimize labor cost

A non-directed interview provides: a. the same information on all applicants b. a structured set of questions c. the least amount of information d. more information than a directed interview

d. more information than a directed interview Unstructed (non-directed)- no definite checklist; more participation from applicant; "tell me about your last job"; sales, counseling, management.

A useful application of counting FTE's in planning: a. the menu b. the type of service c. the kitchen layout d. the budget for wages

d. the budget for wages

The diet for galactosemia should exclude: a. high fat foods b. high cholesterol foods c. organ meats, MSG d. simple carbohydrates

organ meats, MSG Galactosemia- due to missing enzyme that would have converted galactose-1-PO4 into glucose-1-PO4. Treated solely by diet- galactose and lactose free. NO: organ meats (naturally contain galactose), MSG extenders, milk, lactose, galactose, whey, casein, dry milk, solids, curds, calcium/sodium, bell peppers, dates. OK: soy, hydrolyzed casein, lactate, lactic acid, lactalbumin, pure MSG.

In the Dietary Guidelines, what represents the fat included? a. 20-35% calories, <10% saturated fat b. 30% calories, <6% saturated fat c. 35% calories, <15% saturated fat d. 35% calories, <10% saturated fat

a. 20-35% calories, <10% saturated fat

The *mean* is a measure of A. a normal curve B. central tendency C. frequency curve D. a straight line

A. a normal curve B. central tendency * C. frequency curve D. a straight line Think of a bell shaped curl! Mean (the average 9+9+9 = 27/3 = 9)

Which mineral is involved in blood clotting? A. calcium B. Phosphorous C. iron D. Selenium

A. Ca* (RBC formation Ca works w/ Vit K and PRO to clot)

Which nutrient is added for flour enrichment? A. Vitamin A B. Iodine C. fluorine D. iron

A. Vit A B. Iodine (salt) C. fluorine (tooth paste) D. iron* (also B-vitamins B1-B3)

A child who is below the 5th percentile weight for height: A. is tall for his age B. has a condition inhibiting growth C. may have experienced long term under nutrition D. may have experienced short term under nutrition

D. may have experienced short term under nutrition

Decreased levels of serotonin are associated with: A. decrease in carbohydrate appetite B. increase in carbohydrate appetite C. decreased sensation of taste D. increased sensation of taste

B. increase in carbohydrate appetite

In the alanine cycle, alanine is released from muscle, taken up by A. excreted in the urine B. deaminated to release glucose C. converted into adipose D. oxidized to nitric acid

B. deaminated to release glucose*

When green vegetables begin to lose their color during serving, consider: A. changing vendors or brands B. decreasing holding time during heating C. use different cooking equipment D. changing the storage temperature

B. decreasing holding time during heating

Which government agency inspects and grades meats? A. FDA B. DHHS C. USDA D. Department of Commerce

C. USDA*

Of the following oils, which is highest in vitamin E? A. safflower B. corn C. cottonseed D. olive

C. cottonseed

Which of the following AA's is a precursor to serotonin? A. phenylalanine B. methionine C. tryptophan D. tyrosine

C. tryptophan*

The test that measures toxic levels of lead in the bood is the: a. prothrombin test b. free erythrocyte protopophyrin test c. hemoglobin value test d. MCV

b. free erythrocyte protopophyrin test

Funding for public health programs comes primarily from: a. foundation grants b. general revenue c. charitable organizations d. public/private partnerships

b. general revenue

To learn about prenatal problems in the community, go to: a. Center for Disease Control b. WIC c. NHANES d. FDA

b. WIC

The #12 scoop measures: a. 1/4 C b. 1/2 C c. 1/3 C d. 1 C

c. 1/3 C or 2.7oz

A meat slicer should be cleaned: a. at the end of each day b. at the end of each shirt c. after each use d. after each meal

c. after each use

Which of the following most affects osmolarity? a. protein b. sugar c. electrolytes d. fat

c. electrolytes

If you have a lactose intolerance, which food could you most likely tolerate? a. whole milk b. skim milk c. ice cream d. yogurt

d. yogurt

Financial data for 1 month is shown. What is the net profit? Cafeteria revenue $119,984 Patient meals revenue $146,250 Catering sales $1850 Food costs $110,234 Labor costs $147,446 Other costs $10,204 a. $200 b. $10,404 c. $167,850 d. $268,084

a. $200 Work: net profit- profit shown after ALL expenses have been deducted from sales. 268,084-267,884 = $200

Which of the following is a hearing between labor and management during an impasse to aid in settling disputes? a. arbitration b. mediation c. injunction d. collective bargaining

a. arbitration- hearing to dissolve a dispute during an impasse; decision in usually binding. FINAL step in bargaining.

Processed chopped lettuce costs $.69/#. Whole-head lettuce costs $16.49/50# case. If the head lettuce can be processed in two hours at $5.25/hr for labor, what is the relative value of processed and head lettuce if the yield is 75%? a. $0.69 processed; $0.72 head lettuce b. $0.69 processed; $0.89 head lettuce c. $0.72 processed; $0.69 head lettuce d. $0.72 processed; $0.89 head lettuce

a. $0.69 processed; $0.72 head lettuce Work: Processed lettuce = $0.69/lb (EP) Whole-head lettuce = $16.49/50lb (AP) with 75% yield = 37.5# lettuce yield (EP) (50# x .75) Labor cost = 2 hrs x $5.25 = $10.50 Food cost + Labor cost = $16.49 + $10.50 = $26.99 $26.99/37.5 (EP) = $0.72/lb (EP)

What is the gross food cost for June using the following information? June 1 inventory $5300 July 1 inventory $2700 Food purchases - month of June $3,150 a. $5,750 b.$3,150 c. $4,900 d. $6,200

a. $5,750 Work: Beginning inventory in June: $5,300 - $2,700 (inventory at beginning of July/end of June) = $2,600 $2,600 total inventory spent + $3,150 food purchases for June = $5,750 total food cost for June

Your Nutrition Department has 6.5 FTE Dietitians at $20/hour. How much salary is that per week? a. $5200 b. $3960 c. $4850 d. $6550

a. $5200 Work: 6.5 FTE's x 40hr work week = 260 hours 260 hours x $20 = $5200

Store frozen fruits and vegetables at: a. 0 - -10'F b. -10 - -20'F c. <32'F d. 0 - 10'F

a. 0 - -10'F

How many minutes are needed to sanitize dishes when washing by hand using chlorine? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

a. 1

To sanitize, immerse dishes in a chemical solution for ___ minute(s): a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

a. 1

A tube feeding ran from 7pm till 6am, providing 1800 calories, at 1.6 calories/cc. How many cc/hour were given? a. 100 b. 125 c. 210 d. 65

a. 100 1800/1.6 = 1125/11hrs = 102

How much free water is in 1.5 liters of an enteral feeding that has 1.5 calories per cc? a. 1155 cc b. 1057 cc c. 926 cc d. 901 cc

a. 1155 cc *77% free water in 1.5L 1500*.77= 1155cc

The cupcakes served to patients have a 75% acceptance rate. In a hospital where 90% of the 425 patients select their own menus, how many cupcakes are needed? a. 24 dozen b. 18 dozen c. 16 dozen d. 12 dozen

a. 24 dozen 425 x .90 = 382.5 picks their menu 382.5 x .75% acceptance = 286.8 pts liking the cupcakes 286.8 / 12 cupcakes= 23 dozens to make

An AIDS patient's temperature has risen to 102 degrees. His BMR has increased: a. 24% b. 36% c. 12% d. 5%

a. 24% 7% of each degree rise in F temp; NORMAL temp 98.6F 102-98.6 x 7= 23.8

A sandwich with two pieces of white bread and two ounces of turkey provides how many calories? a. 250 b. 145 c. 198 d. 290

a. 250 80kcal for each slice 45kcal for 2oz turkey Look at exchange list

A $240 income was generated selling 40 pieces of fish with a raw food cost of $2.00 each. What is the % food cost? a. 33% b. 40% c. 20% d. 10%

a. 33% Work: 40 x $2.00/svg = $80/$240 x 100 = 33% Problem could have also said: Forty entrees of fish cost $2.00 per serving. Total sales for the fish came to $240.00. What was the food cost percentage? *Same procedure would have followed.

How many non-protein calories are provided by 2 liters of a 7% Aminosyn solution and 1 liter of 10% dextrose in water? a. 340 b. 390 c. 170 d. 255

a. 340 1LITER=1000ml 1000x.10= 100x3.4=340

Which survey is repeated every few years? a. NHANES b. WHO c. Ten State d. FAO

a. NHANES

The line type of organizational chart shows: a. a direct flow of authority from top to bottom b. authority flows from side to side c. all advisory positions d. informal relationships

a. a direct flow of authority from top to bottom 3. scalar principle- authority and responsibility flow in a direct line vertically from highest to lowest echelons

A scale drawing of an area showing the path of a worker during a process is: a. a flow diagram b. a process chart c. an operation chart d. a cross chart

a. a flow diagram A. flow chart - shows steps the work must take, their sequences, the relation of working units to each other. Typical food service flowchart design - little cross traffic and no backtracking FIRST STEP IN PLANNING, USE PAPER AND FLOW CHART

The Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) calculates: a. a population's general health status b. the health status of individuals c. the health status of an individual over the age of 65 living independently d. the health status of an outpatient with chronic disease

a. a population's general health status HRA Health Risk Appraisal - survey population's general health status (used in worksite, gov agencies as health ED or screening tool) - Questionnaire, calculations that predict risk of disease, ED message to participant - Sources of assessment info: demographic- population by age, ethnic groups, sex, birth rates, deaths. Socioeconomic stratification-census data, housing statistics.

What procedure is binding and cannot be changed? a. arbitration b. mediation c. an injunction d. collective bargaining

a. arbitration arbitration- hearing to dissolve a dispute during an impasse; decision in usually binding. FINAL step in bargaining.

The first function of the public health nutritionist is: a. assess the needs of the community b. counsel patients with special dietary needs c. write pamphlets for educational purposes d. expand the role of Dietitians

a. assess the needs of the community

The Dietitian finds that the ice cream freezer is not working and everything inside has melted. She decides to throw it all out and substitute another item for dessert. She is demonstrating what type of leadership? a. autocratic b. bureaucratic c. democratic d. participatroy

a. autocratic (makes most decisions & high level of control) *As a leader, you will have to be autocratic in times of crisis when decisions need to be made automatically

According to HACCP, which would be the recommendation when preparing mixed dishes that include perishable ingredients? a. chill perishable components separately in small amounts b. combine all components and chill together c. hold completed dish at 120 degrees d. stir occasionally throughout the holding time

a. chill perishable components separately in small amounts

Cost-effectiveness analysis is used to: a. compare two or more alternatives to achieve the same objective b. evaluate direct, indirect benefits c. place a dollar amount on the outcome of the procedure d. calculate a profit margin

a. compare two or more alternatives to achieve the same objective

Which food is highest in fiber? a. cooked dried beans b. a tomato c. wheat bread d. lettuce

a. cooked dried beans

An acid ash would be created by ingesting: a. corn, cranberries b. milk c. vegetables d. fruits

a. corn, cranberries ALKALINE ASH, increase cations (Ca, Na, K, Mg) by adding F&V, brown sugar, molasses Acid ash, increase anions (Cl, Ph, Su) by add meat, fish, fowl, eggs, shellfish, cheese, corn, oats, rye.

What should be the final consideration in the make-or-buy decision of a product? a. cost analysis b. labor requirements c. storage space available d. personal relationship with supplier

a. cost analysis

The primary reason for portion control in food service is: a. cost control b. to standardize serving sizes c. customer satisfaction d. weight reduction diets

a. cost control

Using the scientific approach to management, which of the following would result? a. decreased labor minutes per meal b. decreased labor hours per week c. increased labor minutes per meal d. increased labor hours per week

a. decreased labor minutes per meal *Scientific management-Taylor: employees trained at the fastest speed possible at the maximum efficiency level

How do you determine the average check in the cafeteria? a. divide total sales by the number of customers b. divide entrée sales by the number of customers c. divide the number of customers by the total sales d. divide the total sales by the cost of an average priced meal

a. divide total sales by the number of customers

Which of the following would lover serum cholesterol levels? a. dried beans b. green beans c. yellow beans d. summer squash

a. dried beans

A facility with a labor turnover rate of 50% also experiences numerous equipment malfunctions. Both problems might be resolved through improved: a. employee training b. repair standards c. equipment quality d. ergonomics

a. employee training

A Dietitian who wishes to delegate work to a subordinate should first: a. evaluate employee skills and task difficulty b. give the employee the authority to make decisions c. give the employee the information needed to complete the task d. ensure that the employee has the necessary materials and funds

a. evaluate employee skills and task difficulty

Phytochemicals, which may influence the development of tumors, are found in: a. fruits, vegetables, grains b. lean poultry and fish c. low fat dairy products d. polyunsaturated fats

a. fruits, vegetables, grains

Before adding new items to the menu: a. give samples to a few patients and ask for their comments b. ask patients in writing if they would like the new items c. have you managers decide which ones to offer d. ask for employee comments on new suggestions

a. give samples to a few patients and ask for their comments

A concern with parenteral feeding is: a. hypokalemia b. hypercalcemia c. hyponatremia d. hypernatremia

a. hypokalemia Concern- Translocation of bacteria; feedings not through gut allow wall to breakdown, sepsis. GALT- gut assoc lymphoid tissue- compromised by bowl rest or PN. Provides 50% of total body immunity. 70-80% total body immunoglobulin production is secreted across the GI mucosa to defend against pathogenic substances in the GI lumen.

What do these values represent... 2.5 mg/dl serum phosphorus level and 1.3 mEq/L serum magnesium level? a. hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia b. hyperphosphatemia, hypomagnesemia c. hyperphosphatemia, hyponatremia d. hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia

a. hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia Phos normal - 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL Mg normal - 1.5-2.5 mEq/L

A patient is on a high protein, low carbohydrate diet. What advice should you offer? a. increase fluid intake b. decrease the intake of complex carbohydrates c. decrease fluid intake d. decrease the intake of saturated fats

a. increase fluid intake

Fiber, like that found in oats, beans and bran cereals, results in: a. increased water absorption from the intestine b. binding of bile acids c. decreased sodium excretion in the stool d. small, compact stools

a. increased water absorption from the intestine

The MNA and NSI screening tools are designed for use with: a. individuals over 65 years of age b. children ages 2 through 12 c. all adults d. infants and children up to age 10

a. individuals over 65 years of age

Freezing will: a. inhibit bacterial growth b. destroy toxins c. destroy bacteria d. destroy enzymes

a. inhibit bacterial growth

When conducting a physical assessment of a patient, which method is used to estimate fat stores? a. inspection b. palpation c. pallor d. auscultation

a. inspection

Which is an example of an indirect cost? a. insurance b. travel costs c. food d. china

a. insurance Indirect (fixed) costs - not affected by sales volume (# of people served), NOT produces nothing, cannot be changed. Ex. Rent, taxes, interest on dept, insurance, depreciation, Stay fixed within a range of sales volume. 2. Direct, variable, flexible costs - varies directly with changes in sales (revenue); directly involved in service to customer. Ex. China, silver, food, uniforms, laundry, repairs, benefits.

The full function of the GI tract is utilized with which type of nutrition support? a. an isotonic, polymeric formula delivered by a nasogastric tube b. a BCAA formula delivered by a nasogastric tube c. peripheral parenteral nutrition d. parenteral nutrition

a. isotonic, polymeric formula delivered by a nasogastric tube

A work schedule: a. lists both tasks and time b. lists only tasks to be performed c. is used for employee appraisal d. studies all aspects of the job

a. lists both tasks and time

What is the diet for hypertension? a. low sodium b. low sodium, high potassium c. low sodium, high calcium d. low sodium, high potassium, high calcium

a. low sodium

When trying to cut down on the number of employees on a tray assembly line, evaluate the: a. number of work stations b. amount of idle time c. line speed d. capacity

a. number of work stations

A substitute is legally differentiated from another food by: a. nutrient content b. calorie content c. fat content d. color

a. nutrient content

Which set of conditions is most commonly seen in American children? a. obesity, dental caries, anemia b. hypertension, dental caries, rickets c. hyperkinesis, anemia, dental caries d. diabetes, obesity, anemia

a. obesity, dental caries, anemia

When a supervisor says to a subordinate, "Do it because I am asking you to; I'm the boss", they are using what type of power? a. position b. referent c. personal d. incumbent

a. position forcing- "I'm the boss. Do it my way". No argument, may lead to indirect/destructive expression of conflict.

Which is restricted in a diet for hepatic encephalopathy? a. protein, sodium, fluid b. protein, fluid, calories c. calories, protein, fat d. sodium, fat, calories

a. protein, sodium, fluid

Sugar and salt act as preservatives because they: a. provide unfavorable osmotic pressure b. prevent microbial contact c. disguise flavors d. reduce the alkalinity

a. provide unfavorable osmotic pressure

Which vitamin will interfere with Levodopa? a. pyridoxine b. cyanocobalamin c. thiamin d. riboflavin

a. pyridoxine (B6) Vitamin B6 and protein Decrease effectiveness of L-dopa (levodopa) which controls symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Take drug in the morning with less than 10g of protein. (competes with drug for absorption sites)

Hemodialysis requires supplementation of: a. pyridoxine, folic acid, 1-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 b. pyridoxine, folic and vitamin A c. vitamin C, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 d. vitamin C, calcium and vitamin A

a. pyridoxine, folic acid, 1-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Vit. C, B6, folate, B12 suppl. DRI for others. Zinc DRI 8-11mg/day, iron, vit D.

Which of the following diets is appropriate for reactive hypoglycemia? a. reduce intake of concentrated carbohydrates, 5-6 small meals b. increased complex carbohydrate, low fat, high protein c. decreased complex carbohydrate, low fat d. high protein, high fat, high carbohydrate

a. reduce intake of concentrated carbohydrates, 5-6 small meals

In severe cirrhosis with ascites, diet therapy should be: a. restrict sodium b. restrict CHO and fat c. restrict protein and sodium d. restrict fat

a. restrict sodium

A single 19 year old female is 6 months pregnant. She has not gained any weight and has not seen a physician. Hemoglobin is 9. Hematocrit is 30. What is the most important recommendation for her? a. see a physician immediately b. apply for WIC immediately c. join a teenage pregnancy support group d. begin taking iron supplements

a. see a physician immediately

A catered lunch is cancelled after the food has been prepared. What should you do? a. sell the meals in the cafeteria at a break-even price b. give meals to kitchen/cafeteria employees c. incorporate the items into the next meal service d. discard the items

a. sell the meals in the cafeteria at a break-even price

Goals for a community nutrition program should be based on: a. the Dietary Guidelines for Americans b. the Nutrition Screening Initiative c. the Healthy People report d. the NHANES III report

a. the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

What is a formal study to verify that documentation and processes have been followed? a. the audit b. a quality assurance program c. a verification study d. statistical analysis

a. the audit A. audit- formal study that retrospectively monitors performance/to determine if your standards and practices are the same.

If dishes are not cleaned properly in the dishmachine, the first thing to check is: a. the temperature of the various cycles b. the number of items being serviced in a short time c. the length of time between a meal and dishwashing d. the number of employees assigned to the process

a. the temperature of the various cycles

A patient with dysphagia waiting for a swallow test may receive: a. thick liquids b. thin liquids c. peripheral parenteral nutrition d. parenteral nutrition

a. thick liquids

Which is a part of the nutritional therapy for IDDM in a lean person? a. time meals b. decrease caloric intake c. it is not crucial to maintain consistency of calories if average intake is low d. decrease the frequency of feedings

a. time meals Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)

When measuring a child's somatic protein mass, use the BMI and: a. upper arm muscle area b. triceps skinfold c. mid-arm muscle circumference d. knee to height ratio

a. upper arm muscle area Arm muscle area AMA - measures skeletal muscle mass (somatic protein), to determine: use TSF and AC (arm circumference), standard: M 25.3cm, F 23.2cm, important to measure in growing children

Cost-effectiveness studies: a. use the results of outcome research b. evaluate direct, indirect benefits c. compare costs to benefits d. determine whether the goal is worthwhile in terms of its costs.

a. use the results of outcome research

Bitot's spots indicate a deficiency of: a. vitamin A b. vitamin E c. thiamin d. niacin

a. vitamin A

Retrovir (NRTI) can lead to low levels of: a. vitamin B12, copper, zinc b. water-soluble vitamins c. calcium and phosphorus d. folate, pyridoxine, vitamin C

a. vitamin B12, copper, zinc NRTI drugs Retrovir, zidovudine- can lead to anemia, loss of appetite, low vit B12, copper, zinc, carnitine. No herbs. Ped HIV- high protein/kcal, 1-2x RDA or DRi for vitamins.

What is the labor cost per meal? Total food purchased $32,123 Total cafeteria sales $23,231 Total labor expenses $25,790 Meal equivalent factor $2.15 Total patient meals served 1923 a. $1.85 c. $3.98 b. $2.03 d. $4.36

b. $2.03 Work: no. of meals = 23,231/2.15 = 10805 total meals prepared = 10805 + 1923 = 12728 labor cost = 25,790/12728 = 2.026

How much will it cost to prepare these scrambled egg? Amount to be made: 25 Cost of eggs: $0.83/dozen 2 oz. margarine at $2.29/# 2 C. milk at $2.50/G a. $1.47 b. $2.35 c. $1.02 d. $1.79

b. $2.35 Work: $0.83/12 x 25 = $1.72 eggs ($2.29/16) x 2 oz = $0.29 butter ($2.50/16) x 2 cups = $0.31 milk $1.72 + $0.29 + $0.31= $2.32 total

The hospital budget for the first 6 months is set for an 80% occupancy rate. Budget figures for this level are listed below. The second six months will have an occupancy rate of 60%. What would the food cost budget be for the second six months? Food cost $30,000 Labor cost $25,000 Operating costs $24,000 a. $20,000 b. $22,500 c. $30,000 d. $32,000

b. $22,500 30,000 x.8 = 37500 30,000 x .6= 22500

If a patient's GFR is <50 ml/minute, what should their protein intake be (in g/KG)? a. 1 b. .6-.8 c. .55-.6 d. .2-.4

b. .6-.8 CKD STAGE 1 GFR >90 (0.8-1.4gPRO/kg) CKD STAGE 2 GFR 60-89 (0.8-1.4gPRO/kg) CKD STAGE 3 GFR 30-59 0.6-0.8gPRO/kg) CKD STAGE 4 GFR 15-29 (0.6-0.8gPRO/kg)

What is a guide for calculating water needs with tube feedings? a. 1 cc water / 0.5 calories b. 1 cc water / 1.0 calories c. 1 cc water / 2.0 calories d. 1 cc water / 3.0 calories

b. 1 cc water / 1.0 calories

Which contains more total dietary fiber: a. 1/2 cup raw spinach b. 1 oz raisin bran cereal c. 1 slice whole wheat bread d. 2 T peanut butter

b. 1 oz raisin bran cereal

The School Breakfast and School Lunch Programs together provide approximately how much of the RDA's daily requirements? a. 1/3 b. 1/2 c. 1/4 d. 2/3

b. 1/2 school breakfast- 1/4 lunch - 1/3

Employees Work hrs/Week Dietitian 40 Nurse 40 Doctor 30 Diet aides 20 Secretary 20 Clerk 10 How many FTE's are in the above operation? a. 2.0 b. 4.0 c. 6.0 d. 8.0

b. 4.0 Work: (40 + 40 + 30 + 20 + 20 + 10)/40 = 4

The maximum number of calories per serving in a product labeled "low calorie" is: a. 20 b. 40 c. 60 d. 80

b. 40

Which drink would a Mormon choose? a. cola b. 7-Up c. tea d. coffee

b. 7-Up

Programs that focus on providing fresh fruits and vegetables are: a. TANF and ASP b. FFVP and SFMNP c. TEFAP and NETP d. DHHS and SBP

b. FFVP and SFMNP FFVP Fresh Fruits and Vegetable Program - children fresh fruits and veg; help develop eating habits, prevent obesity, chronic disease. FREE to children nationwide in selected schools. By USDA SFMNP Senior Farmer's Market Nutrition Program- grants to states to provide low income seniors with coupons to be exchanged for foods at Farmer's Mkt NOT stores. By USDA

Based on the DRG's, Medicare reimbursement depends on: I. length of patient stay II. age of patient III. primary diagnosis a. I b. II, III c. I, II d. I, II, III

b. II, III II. age of patient III. primary diagnosis

The nutritional label on food utilizes the DRI's which replace the old: a. RDA's b. USRDA's c. USR's d. OSHA's

b. USRDA's

Skinfold thickness measurements are best for assessing: a. an 18th month old with growth failure b. a 36 year old athlete c. a 54 year old woman with significant weight loss d. an 82 year old man with diabetes

b. a 36 year old athlete

If you increase the size of the kitchen, what effect will there be on worker efficiency? a. an increase b. a decrease c. no change d. depends on the menu

b. a decrease (more steps)

Symptoms of nephrosis include: a. dehydration, hypocholesterolemia b. albuminuria, hypercholesterolemia c. edema, hypocholesterolemia d. hypotension, hyperalbuminemia

b. albuminuria, hypercholesterolemia Nephrosis - Nephrotic Syndrome Defect in capillary basement membrane of glomerulus, permits escape of large amt of PRO into filtrate. Albuminuria, edema, hyperlipidemia. (increase synthesis, decrease VLDL).

Hypertension will decrease with a decrease in: a. fiber b. alcohol c. potassium d. calcium

b. alcohol

Several pt receiving pureed foods at the long term care facility have developed salmonella infections. They most likely cause is: a. pots and pans were washed and left to air dry b. blender was washed in warm soapy water c. the canned pureed meat was stored at 70 degrees d. the eggs from breakfast were held on the hot line at 165 degrees

b. blender was washed in warm soapy water

WIC encourages women with babies to: a. formula feed b. breast feed c. feed solid foods early d. feed a mixture of formula and solid foods early

b. breast feed

What may be lacking in the traditional diet for Asians living in America? a. iron b. calcium c. folic acid d. thiamin

b. calcium

Which provides the most vitamin A for a Mexican? a. tortillas and refried beans b. cantaloupe and squash c. cheese d. tortillas and milk

b. cantaloupe and squash

Which of the following would likely be a cause of marasmus? a. leaving a patient for two weeks on D5W b. chemotherapy c. following a 20 gram protein diet for two months d. antibiotic therapy

b. chemotherapy

Which of the following is an outcome indicator? a. inventories are recorded weekly b. clients are satisfied with the meals provided c. assessments are recorded within 24 hours of admission d. diagnoses are recorded within the PES statement

b. clients are satisfied with the meals provided

What method of food service is used when one school delivers meals to another? a. ready-prepared b. commissary-satellite c. assembly serve d. cook-chill

b. commissary-satellite

An infant's failure to thrive can be seen in: a. their behavior b. comparison with growth charts c. weight for height d. height for age

b. comparison with growth charts

You are hired by a health club to develop a weigh-control program. There are at least two other similar programs in the area. To determine the potential success of this new program first: a. develop promotional materials b. conduct a market analysis c. analyze the success of existing programs d. discuss the idea with other Dietitians

b. conduct a market analysis

The purpose of outcomes research is to: a. determine the best approach to solving a problem b. determine the most cost-effective way to solve a problem c. determine the most productive outcome d. determine the best outcome desired

b. determine the most cost-effective way to solve a problem

Which is a common complication of AIDS? a. constipation b. diarrhea c. hypoglycemia d. hyperkalemia

b. diarrhea

Beef stew has been unrefrigerated for 4 hours after preparation. What should you do? a. reheat it to 140'F and refrigerate it in a shallow pan b. discard the stew c. reheat it to 165'F and refrigerate it d. refrigerate the stew in shallow pans

b. discard the stew

Five pounds of pressure creates a temperature that is ___ the boiling point of water. a. less than b. greater than c. equal to d. twice

b. greater than 2. pressure cooker can be used to can LOW ACID vegetables because it reach a temp higher than 212 F.

Which of the following would lacto-ovo-vegetarian not eat? a. eggs b. halibut c. cheese d. beans

b. halibut

Anasarca is extreme generalized edema and swelling of the skin associated with: a. uncontrolled diabetes b. heart, liver, or renal failure c. short bowel syndrome d. pancreatitis

b. heart, liver, or renal failure Anasarca- extreme, edema due to effusion of fluid into extracellular space. Water can move in and out of cell by omosis Albumin less than 2.8 assoc with physical signs of fluid retention.

A child with AIDS needs a high calorie and ____ intake. a. megadose vitamins b. high protein c. low fat d. low residue

b. high protein

A patient with cystic fibrosis, who is non-compliant with their nutritional prescription, may present with: a. hypernatremia b. hyponatremia c. hypokalemia d. hyperkalemia

b. hyponatremia CF- Cystic Fibrosis- disease of exocrine glands- secretion of thick mucus that obstructs glands and ducts: chronic pulmonary disease, pancreatic enzyme def., high perspiration electrolyte levels, malabsorption. Treatment: use age-appropriate BMI to assess ht and wt. PERT- pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy with meals an snacks. High protein, high calorie, unrestricted fat, liberal in salt.

The medication megestrol acetate may be used to: a. correct a vitamin A deficiency b. increase appetite c. initiate weight loss d. promote sleep

b. increase appetite Megestrol acetate Appetite stimulant

Current research on the relationship between cancer and diet includes all of the following except... a. cancer is associated with the intake of vitamin A b. it is related to demographic factors c. it is related to epidemiologic data d. it is associated with ascorbic acid

b. it is related to demographic factors

The main reason why commodity foods obtained from a USDA program may not be brought to a Kosher facility is: a. because meat cannot be served with dairy products at the same meal b. kosher foods are not allowed to be mixed with non-kosher foods c. Jewish dietary practices are lacto-ovovegetarian d. Jewish dietary practices are lactovegetarian

b. kosher foods are not allowed to be mixed with non-kosher foods

Which of the following is most important in determining the space required for a food production unit in a new facility? a. number of hours the foodservice will be operating b. market form of foods purchased c. number of foodservice employees d. length of menu cycle

b. market form of foods purchased

A patient is recovering from an ileocecal resection, where 100 cm was removed. What are your recommendations? a. oral vitamin B12, increase fluids b. parenteral vitamin B12, increase fluids, increase protein c. decrease fluids, increase protein, parenteral B12 d. decrease protein, decrease fluids, oral B12

b. parenteral vitamin B12, increase fluids, increase protein Most digestion takes place 100 cm of intestine (in duodenum, and upper jejunum) what remains- small amounts of sugar, starches, fiber, lipids.

Four patients are admitted to your service. Who would you address first? a. patient who had a recent MI b. patient with gastric distress c. patient with cancer d. patient admitted for an appendectomy

b. patient with gastric distress

What would you do if an employee does not wash pots as required? a. fire her b. reeducate her as to proper procedures and provide follow-up c. take the job away from the employee d. discipline the employee

b. reeducate her as to proper procedures and provide follow-up

What elements of the diet vary the most in hepatic disease? a. fat, carbohydrate, potassium b. sodium, fluid, protein c. sodium, potassium, protein d. fat, sodium, potassium

b. sodium, fluid, protein Cirrhosis (LIVER DISEASE)- damaged liver tissue is replaced by bands of connective tissue, divides liver into clumps and reroutes veins/capillaries. Blood flow thru liver is disrupted. Poor food intake leads to deficiencies. Protein def. Lead to ascites, fatty liver, impaired blood clotting. ASSESSMENT: TRICEN SKIN FOLD, ASK WHAT THEY EAT.

A child has been measured several times before the age of two year. Results of the measurements were not accurate because the child was measured: a. first thing in the morning b. standing up c. after breakfast d. with light clothing

b. standing up

Why might a child with PKU have an increased incidence of dental caries? a. phenylalamine is not converted to tyrosine b. the diet is high in carbohydrates, low in protein c. pyruvate is not converted to alanine d. the diet is devoid of protein

b. the diet is high in carbohydrates, low in protein

Memory loss may be associated with a deficiency of: a. riboflavin b. thiamin c. protein d. electrolytes

b. thiamin

If the temperature on the dishmachine rinse cycle is 135'F, you should: a. add additional sanitizer b. use paper products until the problem has been resolved c. nothing - that is the proper temp d. increase the length of the rinse cycle

b. use paper products until the problem has been resolved Proper Wash temp: Between 140-160'F rinse - 170-180

Following a colectomy, the absorption of which of the following would be of the most concern? a. vitamins D and E b. water and sodium c. B vitamins d. vitamin C

b. water and sodium

The employee turnover rate refers to the following: a. total replacement employees divided by average work force b. % of turnover rate divided by number of replacements c. # employees terminated and replaced divided by total number of positions d. # total positions divided by number part-time employees

c. # employees terminated and replaced divided by total number of positions

A business pays 4% of its income as rent ($1200), 70% toward labor and food cost, and $2500 towards other monthly expenses. How much profit does this business make per month? a. $6000 b. $4200 c. $5300 d. $7200

c. $5300 Total Income = 1200 x 100/4 = $30,000 Labor and Food Cost = 70 x 30,000/100 = $21,000 $1,200 + $21,000 + $2,500 = $24,700 $30000 (total income) - $24700 (expenses) = $5,300

If you purchase an oven for $10,000. It is expected to last 10 years, after which it can be sold for $3,000. What is its depreciation cost each year? a. $2,000 b. $1,500 c. $700 d. $500

c. $700 Work: 10,000 - 3,000 = 7,000 7,000/10 years = $700

A patient with a GFR of 20 ml/min should receive how many grams of protein/kg? a. 1.1 b. 0.8 c. 0.6 d. 0.2

c. 0.6 CKD STAGE 1 GFR >90 (0.8-1.4gPRO/kg) CKD STAGE 2 GFR 60-89 (0.8-1.4gPRO/kg) CKD STAGE 3 GFR 30-59 0.6-0.8gPRO/kg) CKD STAGE 4 GFR 15-29 (0.6-0.8gPRO/kg)

During an interview, which of the following can you ask? a. Do you have a car? b. How ill you get to work? c. Can you get to work on time without any problems? d. Do you own a car?

c. Can you get to work on time without any problems?

You discover an incorrect diet order entered in the patient's chart. a. Chart the order as incorrect b. File the order because it was written by a physician c. Discuss the order with the physician and make suggestions d. Change the order in the chart

c. Discuss the order with the physician and make suggestions

A man with a peptic ulcer should consume: a. milk every two hours b. a bland diet c. a balanced diet he can tolerate d. a low roughage diet

c. a balanced diet he can tolerate

Underwriters Laboratory does which of the following? a. inspects facilities for safety b. inspects facilities for cleanliness c. checks safety of electrical equipment d. inspects gas equipment

c. checks safety of electrical equipment

Work simplification studies: a. look at the job as a whole b. increase worker responsibility c. decrease cost and increases productivity d. increase worker interest in the job

c. decrease cost and increases productivity * Work simplification studies are conducted to find and eliminate the unnecessary parts of a job and those that add no value

The appropriate diet therapy following a Billroth II is: a. high carbohydrate, low fat, high protein b. high fat, high protein, high carbohydrate c. decrease simple carbohydrates, high protein, moderate fat, B12 supplements d. low fat, low protein, high carbohydrate

c. decrease simple carbohydrates, high protein, moderate fat, B12 supplements

What is a major reason for constipation in the elderly? a. a diet low in high residue foods b. a diet high in low residue foods c. decreased gastric motility d. lack of physical exercise

c. decreased gastric motility

A person with the dumping syndrome cannot handle: a. complex carbohydrates b. polysaccharides c. disaccharides d. amino acids

c. disaccharides

Why are mono-and di-glycerides added to the shortening used in cakes? a. increase spreadability b. thickeners c. emulsifiers d. coloring agents

c. emulsifiers

A patient suffering from bulimia may have all of the following symptoms except: a. a sore throat b. dental problems c. extreme weight loss d. rectal bleeding

c. extreme weight loss

The mother of an infant who weighed 4.5 KG at birth and was hypoglycemic, may: a. have gained excessive amounts of weight during pregnancy b. not have gained enough weight during pregnancy c. have had gestational diabetes d. have reactive hypoglycemia

c. have had gestational diabetes

A female has a 36" waist and a 40" hip measurement. She is at risk for: a. nothing b. cancer c. heart disease d. malnutrition

c. heart disease

Which fiber is insoluble in water? a. pectin b. gums c. hemicellulose d. polysaccharides

c. hemicellulose

The diet for hepatic coma is low in protein due to: a. low ammonia levels b. high cholesterol levels c. high ammonia levels d. high LDL

c. high ammonia levels

If you are concerned that the receiver is not accurately checking incoming stock, you should: a. begin purchasing by bid b. use a prime vendor c. implement blind receiving d. conduct random checks of food cases

c. implement blind receiving

The primary goal of outcomes research in a health care setting is to: a. decrease healthcare costs b. increase cost-effectiveness c. improve the quality of services offered d. give the facility a competitive advantage

c. improve the quality of services offered

Which would be the least expensive enteral nutrition formula? a. elemental b. chemically-defined c. isotonic, intact protein, polymeric d. modular

c. isotonic, intact protein, polymeric

A job breakdown: a. can be used for employee appraisal b. studies and analyzes all aspects of the job c. lists what steps to do and how to do them d. lists time limits on all aspects of the job

c. lists what steps to do and how to do them

A male patient has hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and is 55 pounds above his desirable body weight. What do you recommend? a. low sodium b. low carbohydrates c. low calories d. low fat

c. low calories

A foodservice is being converted from a conventional system to a ready-prepared system. The Dietitian should first consider the adequacy of the: a. steam table space b. dry storage space c. low-temperature storage capacity d. oven capacity

c. low-temperature storage capacity

What is not found in a standardized recipe? a. seasonings to be included in the recipe b. time and temperature of cooking c. mixing bowls, measuring spoons d. amounts of ingredients to include

c. mixing bowls, measuring spoons

An example of an educational objective for a low fat cooking class given at a seniors center would be to: a. appreciate the importance of lowering fat intake b. understand the relationship between fat intake and heart disease c. name two ways to decrease fat intake at breakfast d. consider ways decrease their risk of heart disease

c. name two ways to decrease fat intake at breakfast

Which is most associated with the incidence of Type 2 diabetes? a. sugar intake b. protein intake c. overweight d. salt intake

c. overweight

Which condition benefits from the use of indirect calorimetry? a. post-gastrectomy b. patient receiving chemotherapy c. patient with third degree burns d. post-surgical patient

c. patient with third degree burns

Which food should someone on an MAOI not eat? a. cottage cheese b. herbal tea c. pepperoni d. butter

c. pepperoni HTN if taken with MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhinbitor). Eliminate dopamine and restric tyramine (monoamines). MAO inhibitors interact releasing norepinephrine, elevates BP. Restrict aged fermented, dried, pickled, smoked, spoiled foods. Avoid hard, aged cheese (cheddar, swiss), sauerkraut, some sausages, luncheon meats, tofu, miso, chianti wine. Limit sour cream, yogurt, buttermilk. OK: cottage cheese, cream cheese. Good advise: buy, cook, eat fresh foods. Curcumin- turmeric may reduce inflammation, antioxidant, in curry powder

One of the most important strategies a Dietitian may use to evaluate quality patient care is to: a. determine criteria for consultation b. monitor treatment for a nutrition problem c. periodically assess the outcomes of nutrition therapy d. assign individuals responsibility for monitoring activities

c. periodically assess the outcomes of nutrition therapy

Which term relates to scientific management? a. psychological b. intellectual c. physical d. sociological

c. physical (Scientific management focuses on physical aspects of the Job)

Management's basic function is: a. controlling b. directing c. planning d. evaluating

c. planning Function of Management: Plan, organize, staff, direct, control/evaluate.

Which can be included in a meal for gluten-induced enteropathy? a. spaghetti and tomato sauce b. cheese and crackers c. potatoes with butter d. oatmeal with sugar

c. potatoes with butter Celiac Disease, gluten-induced enteropathy- gluten refers to storage proteins (prolamins: gliadin in wheat, secalin in rye, hordein in barley, avenin in oats. Reaction to gliadin- affects jejunum and ileum (proximal intestine). OK: corn, potato, rice, soybean, tapioca, arrowroot, carob bean, guar gum, flax.

What nutrients most affect the renal solute load? a. protein and carbohydrate b. sodium and carbohydrate c. protein and sodium d. sodium and fat

c. protein and sodium

Iatrogenic malnutrition is: a. vitamin and mineral malabsorption b. protein malabsorption c. protein, calorie malnutrition d. kwashiorkor

c. protein-calorie malnutrition Malnutrition- protein and calorie starvation. Anthropometric dx, albumin normal, no edema, severe fat and muscle wasting. Triceps skinfold, arm muscle circ needed. Iatrogenic malnutrition- protein-calorie malnutrition. Brough on by treatment, hospital, meds.

A new patient with a BMI of 32 and hypertension comes to you for counseling. What is your first recommendation? a. achieve DBW b. maintain weight and exercise c. reduce sodium intake d. reduce sodium, reduce fluid, reduce calorie intake

c. reduce sodium intake

Which of the following diseases may lead to anemia? a. myocardial infarction b. galactosemia c. renal failure d. diabetes mellitus

c. renal failure

What is the most important reason for a microwave oven in food service? a. saves energy b. saves money c. saves time d. saves cleanup

c. saves time

An employee consistently calls in sick the day before a holiday. His Supervisor should: a. discuss this with other managers b. telephone the employee to verify the illness c. schedule a counseling session with him d. file a letter of concern with the employee relation department

c. schedule a counseling session with him

Which of the following is not associated with anorexia nervosa? a. food aversions b. distorted body image c. schizophrenia d. constant concern about weight status

c. schizophrenia

The hospital foodservice dept. has developed several high quality, sugar-free desserts that are identified as unique to the dept. This product represents what type of branding? a. manufacturer b. retail item c. signature d. specific

c. signature

Psychographic marketing includes the following categories: a. age, gender, race, education b. urban, suburban, cultural values c. social class, lifestyles, motive behind purchase d. income, education

c. social class, lifestyles, motive behind purchase

Hormones that control blood pressure and blood components are produced in: a. the heart b. the liver c. the kidneys d. the lungs

c. the kidneys The kidneys provide a hormonal mechanism for the regulation of blood pressure by managing blood volume.

Equipment purchases depend on: a. the budget b. what the cooks want c. the menu d. the type of facility

c. the menu

Asian, Hispanic, and Native Americans have the following in common: a. they consume few green vegetables b. they consume significant amounts of dairy products c. they consume little milk d. they consume few root vegetables

c. they consume little milk

Patients with cardiac cachexia on a loop diuretic should be evaluated for: a. riboflavin status b. acidosis c. thiamin status d. alkalosis

c. thiamin status Loop diuretics (Lasix) Deplete thiamin, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium

The dishwasher temperatures are as follows: pre-wash 140'F, wash 150'F, rinse 200'F. You should: a. turn up the rinse temperature b. turn down the pre-wash temperature c. turn down the rinse temperature d. do nothing, they are fine

c. turn down the rinse temperature Pre-rinse/Pre-wash: 110-140'F Wash: 140-160'F Rinse: 170-180'F

You are conduction a nutrient analysis of a recipe that uses 10# of 80/20 raw beef. To ensure analysis accuracy: a. use data for the "pre-portion" cooked ground beef b. use data for the "edible portion" weight of the raw ground beef c. use data for the "edible portion" weight of the cooked ground beef d. cooking and draining the ground beef, weighing the fat, then reducing the quantity of beef in the recipe by this amount

c. use data for the "edible portion" weight of the cooked ground beef

The efficiency of a foodservice employee is increased if the work center is designed to allow the employee to: a. sit and reach b. stand and reach c. use two hands d. use zigzag motions

c. use two hands

A patient with chronic pancreatitis should consume oral pancreatic enzymes: a. with large meals and fatty foods b. only if steatorrhea increases c. with all meals and snacks d. only if consuming a high fat, low protein diet

c. with all meals and snacks

The raw food cost of an item is $1.12 per serving. What is the hidden cost? a. $.10 b. $.07 c. $.13 d. $.11

d. $.11 Work: $1.12 x .10 = $0.11

Using the factor method, determine the selling price using the data below. raw food cost $3.14; prepared food cost $5.21 labor cost $3. 39; overhead cost $1.12; factor 3.37 a. $6.40 b. $7.84 c. $8.10 d. $10.58

d. $10.58 Work: 3.14 (raw food cost) x 3.37 (factor)=$10.58

DRG's (Diagnosis-Related Group) allow $1600 for an appendectomy with a 4 day stay. The patient is released in 3 days. The hospital will receive: a. $1200 b. $800 c. $2000 d. $16oo

d. $16oo

What is the labor cost for 4 weeks if you have 5.5 FTEs earning $20 per hour? a. $4400 b. $12000 c. $14500 d. $17600

d. $17600 40 hrs x 4 wks = 160 hours 160 hrs x 20$ = 3,200 $ total 3,200 $ x 5.5 FTE = 17,600 $

A food service operates with a 35% food cost. If a menu item has a raw food cost of $1.25, and it take an employee 45minutes at $6.00 an hour to prepare, what is the traditional selling price? a. $2.75 b. $3.25 c. $2.50 d. $3.58

d. $3.58 Factor Pricing Method-Traditional/Markup Method Procedure: markup factor x raw food cost = selling price Step 1: Determine markup factor 100/35(food cost percentage) = 2.857 Step 2: Procedure formula 2.857 (markup factor) x. $1.25 (raw food cost) = $3.57 ~$3.58

What is the labor turnover rate if 6 employee in a department of 55 were terminated and replaced? a. 12% b. 10% c. 9% d. 11%

d. 11% * 6/55= 10.9 # of employees (separated) terminated and replaced/Total positions in department X 100

A patient requires 1800 calories per day and is restricted to 1500 ml fluid. The enteral formula selected has 1.5 cal/cc, 55 g protein per liter, and 77% water. How much formula does she need daily? a. 1500 ml b. 1400 ml c. 1300 ml d. 1200 ml

d. 1200 ml 1200x1.5=1800kcal

A #12 scoop, was used to serve 600 servings of mashed potatoes instead of a #16 scoop. How many servings were they short? a. 90 b. 25 c. 210 d. 156

d. 156 Work: ]#12 scoop = 2.7 oz #16 scoop = 2 oz 600 svgs x 2oz = 1200 oz/svg 1200 oz svg/2.7oz = 444 svgs 600 svgs - 444 svgs = 156 svgs

One pound of boneless turkey yields 0.7lbs cooked turkey. How many pounds must be purchased to yield 21 lbs cooked turkey? a. 18 b. 25 c. 28 d. 30

d. 30 EP = 21 lbs 21/0.7 = 30

Which infant is at the greatest risk? a. 20 lbs. hemoglobin 10 b. 22 lbs. hemoglobin 10.5 c. 19 lbs. hemoglobin 11 d. 30 lbs. hemoglobin 9

d. 30 lbs. hemoglobin 9 (Hgb 10-11 is normal)

How much water does an athlete need if they have lost 2 pounds during a marathon? a. 8 ounces b. 16 punces c. 24 ounces d. 32 ounces

d. 32 ounces 16oz per 1 lb

Using the above formula, determine the calories coming from lipids per day. 300 ml 60% dextrose; 500 ml 10% amino acids; 200 ml 20% lipid; Total nutrient mixture administered at 65 ml/hour for 24 hours a. 519 b. 561 c. 577 d. 624

d. 624 200ml x .20= 20 x 10 x 1.56= 624

Which statement applies to nutritional screening? a. Only a physician makes the referral b. Only a dietitian makes the referral c. It is exclusively done by Nursing d. All health team members can participate according to policy

d. All health team members can participate according to policy

The stasis of pancreatic juice and bile could result in: I. autodigestion II. fat malabsorption III. obstructive jaundice a. I and II b. I and III c. II and III d. I, II, and III

d. I, II, and III I. autodigestion II. fat malabsorption III. obstructive jaundice

Which of the following may be the cause of loose stools in a tube fed patient? I. feeding was administered at too rapid a rate II. the osmolality of the feeding was too low III. the patient is constipated IV. an inadequate amount of intestinal surface area a. I b. I, II c. II, III d. I, IV

d. I,IV- feeding administered at too fast of a rate, inadequate amount of intestinal surface area

What law guarantees workers the right to organize and join labor unions? a. Taft Hartley b. Equal Employment Act c. Labor Management Relation Act d. National Labor Relations Act

d. National Labor Relations Act National Labor Relations Act- Wagner Act 1935 PRO LABOR. Right to join unions. Guaranteed right to organize and join labor unions. Union right to bargain. Created National Labor Relations Board NLRB- you can bring a complain for unfair labor practices.

Which of the infants in the above question have a normal hemglobin level? (a: 10, b: 10.5, c: 11, d: 9) a. a, b, d b. b, d c. c, d d. a, b, c

d. a, b, c (Normal hemoglobin 10-11)

Which food service system is least likely to have microbial contamination? a. conventional b. cook-chill c. cook-freeze d. assembly serve

d. assembly serve commissary- 9, ready prepared - 8, conventional - 5, assembly serve-4 (fewer opportunity of food contamination).

The kitchen layout below is characteristic of which foodservice system? Refrigerator/ Freezer/ Steamers/ Ovens/ Microwave/ Meal assembly/ Delivery carts a. commissary b. conventional c. ready-prepared d. assembly-serve

d. assembly-serve assembly-serve (total convenience, min cooking concept) a. purchase completely prepared individual portions; finish by thawing, heating on premises. No ON-SITE food production. Kitchen less kitchen. b. may use sous vide (precooked and vaccum-packaged

A food service worker confides in you that he has tested HIV positive. What should you do? a. ask him to report to the health clinic b. instruct him to wear gloves on duty c. reassign him to another area of the kitchen d. assure him that confidentiality will be respected

d. assure him that confidentiality will be respected

Which correlates best with energy intake? a. lean body mass b. triceps skinfold c. body mass index d. body weight

d. body weight

following a Roux-en-Y bypass, which should be recommended first? a. potassium, magnesium b. folate, vitamin B12, iron c. multi-vitamin with iron d. calcium and multi-vitamin with iron

d. calcium and multi-vitamin with iron RYGB Roux-en-Y reconstructis small intestine to resemble the letter Y, small gastric pouch connected to jejunum, Dumping Syndrome may develop. Suppl. Calcium is divided doses 1200-1500mg, vit D 3000 IU, 45-60mg iron apart of ca, chew of ice may be sign of iron deficiency. Greater need for protein. May req. B12.

A patient with inflammatory bowel disease has steatorrhea. In addition to limiting the fat intake, which minerals should be assessed? a. iron and phosphorus b. calcium and phosphorus c. iron and zinc d. calcium, magnesium, and zinc

d. calcium, magnesium, and zinc

What gas is released from a fire? a. helium b. hydrogen c. carbon dioxide d. carbon monoxide

d. carbon monoxide

In the TM model, which stage of change is represented by this comment: "Although I do not like and therefore do not eat many vegetables, I saw an interesting vegetable side dish at a friend's cookout." a. pre-contemplation b. preparation c. action d. contemplation

d. contemplation -pre-contemplating- unaware or not interested in making a change "I did notknow salt had any effect on my blood pressure". -contemplating- thinking about making a change "I was looking at the salt content of foods I have a home" -preparation- decides to change and plans the change "I bought a cookbook on low salt cooking" -action- tries to make the change "I removed the salt shaker from the kitchen table" -maintenance- sustains the change for 6 months or longer "I found a website that helps me plan family low sodium meals'

Which will cause the most delay in gastric emptying? a. lean baked meat b. broiled cod c. shrimp d. corned beef

d. corned beef

OSHA's responsibilities do not include: a. establishing minimum safety standards b. inspecting facilities c. examining records of occupational injuries d. developing a better safety program for a facility

d. developing a better safety program for a facility

When assessing nutritional status, which would be the most beneficial? a. 24 hour recall, history of weight changes b. medical history, diet order, socioeconomic status c. clinical observation, weight status, cultural habits d. diet intake info, clinical data, laboratory data

d. diet intake info, clinical data, laboratory data

Glucophage (Metformin) functions by: a. stimulates insulin secretion b. inhibits digestive enzyme action c. decreases peripheral resistance d. enhances insulin action

d. enhances insulin action

What can you do if your company denies you the right to organize and form a labor union? a. nothing b. quickly form a union c. change jobs d. file a claim with the NLRB

d. file a claim with the NLRB National Labor Relations Act- Wagner Act 1935 PRO LABOR. Right to join unions. Guaranteed right to organize and join labor unions. Union right to bargain. Created National Labor Relations Board NLRB- you can bring a complain for unfair labor practices.

Immediately following a severe burn, nutritional therapy should include: a. high calories b. high protein c. high calories, vitamins, minerals d. fluid and electrolyte replacement

d. fluid and electrolyte replacement

A meal equivalent is determined by: a. total sales received during one week of operation b. average dollars spent per customer per meal c. labor costs divided by the average cost of a typical meal d. food sales divided by the average cost of a typical meal

d. food sales divided by the average cost of a typical meal

A patient needs a 2000 calorie, 2 gram sodium feeding. Which formula is best? calories/cc g Na/liter a. formula 1 1 2 b. formula 2 1.5 2 c. formula 3 2 1 d. formula 4 1 1

d. formula 4 1 1 1:1 ratio

A patient on parenteral nutrition is to be transitioned to enteral feeding. He should receive: a. half-strength enteral feeding initially b. half-strength, then 3/4 strength enteral feeding c. half-strength enteral feeding with a low osmolality d. full strength enteral feeding at a low rate

d. full strength enteral feeding at a low rate

Which snack would you not give to an infant? a. yogurt b. cheese sticks c. graham crackers d. grapes

d. grapes

What is the best way to increase attendance at a nutrition seminar for dentists? a. hold it in a location convenient to large numbers of dentists b. have it held in a medical facility c. hold it on weekends when their offices are likely closed d. have it sponsored by a dental organization

d. have it sponsored by a dental organization

An appropriate measurement for iron status in a local community is: a. serum iron b. transferrin c. TIBC d. hematocrit

d. hematocrit

Which of the following would be considered by HACCP to be of most concern: a. storage temperature of canned peaches on a hot day b. holding temperature of canned peaches in individual serving dishes c. frozen ground beef patties held at minus 5 degrees F d. holding temperature of cream of mushroom soup on the serving line

d. holding temperature of cream of mushroom soup on the serving line

When purchasing foodservice equipment, first consider: a. reputation of the vendor b. ease of use c. safety and ease of use d. how it will be used and cost

d. how it will be used and cost

Which of the following forms of pudding would be purchased in an Assembly/serve foodservice system? a. frozen bulk b. instant c. canned d. individual portions

d. individual portions assembly-serve (total convenience, min cooking concept) a. purchase completely prepared individual portions; finish by thawing, heating on premises. No ON-SITE food production. Kitchen less kitchen.

Where should a hand-washing sink be located? a. near the door entering the kitchen b. near the dishroom c. near the cafeteria counter d. near the food preparation area

d. near the food preparation area

When you change from conventional cook-chill system, which should be considered? a. need less storage space b. need outside delivery equipment c. need fewer employees d. need additional equipment and storage

d. need additional equipment and storage

Which of the following best reflects protein status? a. serum albumin b. serum transferrin c. retinol-binding protein d. prealbumin

d. prealbumin

What is the appropriate advice for a person with anorexia nervosa? a. offer a wide variety of foods and frequent feedings b. offer liquids high in calories and protein c. offer nasogastric feedings d. regular mealtimes, and a varied moderate intake

d. regular mealtimes, and a varied moderate intake

Which of the following strategies is most likely to increase revenue? STAR- HIGH PROFIT, HIGHLY POPULAR DOG- LOW PROFIT, LOW POPULARITY PUZZLE- HIGH PROFIT, LOW POPULARITY PLOWHORSE - LOW PROFIT, HIGH POPULARITY a. replace the beef tacos b. replace the beef stew c. offer pot roast more often d. replace the pot roast

d. replace the pot roast

Which of the following stabilizes egg white foam? A. an acid B. water C. flour D. salt

A. an acid (lemon or orange juice)*

A 5 month old is Dx w/ salmonella. What is likely the cause? A. fruit juice B. milk C. table food D. evaporated milk

A. fruit juice B. milk C. table food (higher chance for bacteria)** D. evaporated milk (shelf stable)

Energy expenditure of humans can be measure by: A. heat intake B. food intake C. nitrogen output D. oxygen consumption

A. heat intake (we want to get rid of heat via sweat to keep body temp NL) B. food intake C. nitrogen output (measures protein intake) D. O2 consumption (increase expenditure + food intake = increased need for O2. Co2 byproduct from metabolism)*

If broccoli in a vegetable mixture turns olive green during holding it may be due to: A. lemon juice B. baking soda C. salt D. sugar

A. lemon juice*

If there is *no statistical difference* between the study groups, the hypothesis is: A. negative B. null C. even D. positive

A. negative (no change) B. null* (Refers to a general statement or default position that there is *no relationship between* two measured phenomena, or no difference among groups.) C. even D. positive (no change)

When substituted for saturated fats in the diet, which of the following oils will likely lower total CHOL but also lower HDL CHOL? A. olive oil B. canola oil C. peanut oil D. safflower oil

A. olive oil B. canola oil C. peanut oil D. safflower oil (omega-6) A-B increase HDL and lower LDL (monounsaturated FA's)

Which hormone regulates breast milk production? A. prolactin B. progesterone C. estrogen D. oxytocin

A. prolactin

What color do onions turn when cooked in an aluminum pan? A. purple B. blue C. red D. yellow

A. purple B. blue C. red D. yellow* white => yellow

In the cori cycle, lactate is converted to A. ribose B. NADPH C. pyruvate D. acetyl CoA

A. ribose B. NADPH (converts CoA to pyruvate) C. pyruvate* D. acetyl CoA https://www.studyblue.com/#flashcard/flip/4933901 Cori cycle

Cured meat is pink due to: A. sugar B. salt C. Vinegar D. Nitrites

A. sugar (white) B. salt (white) C. Vinegar (clear-white) D. Nitrites (nitrates also red/pink)*

What is your *first concern* when deciding how to *teach*? A. the time you and the students have B. what learning resources are available C. what you are bet at D. the needs and abilities of your students

A. the time you and the students have (after you find out their needs, time will vary) B. what learning resources are available (after you see what the pt's needs are) C. what you are bet at (you should be the best at something, but then try to improve your weaknesses) D. the needs and abilities of your students*

Cabbage should be cooked A. covered B. small amt of water C. Large amt of water D. covered in a small amt of water

C. Large amt of water*

It take _____ FTE(s) to fill one 8 hour, 7 day per week position. a. 1.4 b. 1.6 c. 1.8 d. 2

a. 1.4

Which government agency would you contact regarding food distribution? a. USDA b. FDA c. HHS d. FTC

a. USDA

When goods are received, the delivery slip included is: a. an invoice b. a standing order c. the receiving record d. a purchase requisition

a. an invoice

For which disease would a low sodium diet be recommended? a. ascites b. esophageal varices c. pancreatitis d. appendicitis

a. ascites

Why might a patient with ascites be dehydrated? a. fluid has moved to interstitial spaces b. fluid has moved to intravascular spaces c. fluid has moved to vascular spaces d. fluid has moved to the lung

a. fluid has moved to interstitial spaces

Which law sets the minimum wage? a. the Fair Labor Standards Act b. the National Labor Relations Act c. The Equal Opportunity Act d. The Labor Management Act

a. the Fair Labor Standards Act

According to the Diabetic Exchange Lists, when substituting 2% milk for fat-free milk, you must omit how many fat exchanges? a. 1/2 b. 1 c. 1 1/2 d. 2

b. 1

Which of the following guidelines should be used when you are estimating the prevalence of inadequate intake levels of vitamin A with a group of adults? a. Recommended Dietary Allowance RDA b. Estimated Average Requirement EAR c. Tolerable upper intake level UL d. Adequate Intake AI

b. Estimated Average Requirement EAR

A single man with two daughters, ages 10 and 11, is looking for aid. Which program might provide assistance? a. WIC b. Food Stamps c. Child Care Food Program d. Headstart

b. Food Stamps

Traditional diets of Asian population in the U.S. are low in: a. iron b. calcium c. vitamin C d. essential fatty acids

b. calcium

An AIDS patient should select the following fresh fruit: a. grapes, orange b. orange, banana, pineapple c. apple, grapes, peach d. grapes, pear

b. orange, banana, pineapple

To find out about the new regulations developed by the FDA you would check: a. the Congressional Record b. the Federal Register c. current newspapers d. the Congressional Index

b. the Federal Register

A vegan is allergic to milk. Which nutrients would you expect might be deficient in her intake? a. protein, calories b. vitamin B12, D c. vitamin C, calcium d. vitamin A, D

b. vitamin B12, D

What is the benefit: cost ration of a program intervention that cost $1,890,000 if the savings as a result of the program were $5.67 million? 5,067,000 a. 1:1 b. 2:1 c. 3: 1 d. 1:3

c. 3: 1 Work: 5.67 mil/1.89 mil = 3:1

Which of the following is lowest in fat? a. hamburger b. salami c. goat cheese d. Canadian bacon

c. Canadian bacon Food exchange 45kcal.

In interstate shipping of shellfish is monitored by the: a. USDA b. HHS c. FDA d. FTC

c. FDA

If dishes come out of the dishmachine with water spots: a. use more detergent b. add a drying agent to the wash cycle c. add a drying agent to the rinse cycle d. use less detergent

c. add a drying agent to the rinse cycle

What is the appropriate diet for heart failure? a. low potassium b. low calcium c. low sodium d. low fat

c. low sodium

Appearance, taste and texture are considered: a. quantity control b. safety control c. quality control d. production control

c. quality control

Which of the following would reduce direct expenses in foodservice? a. increase selling price b. reduce rent c. reduce food costs d. increase part-time labor

c. reduce food costs

Which is the best way to maximize meat storage? a. cut the meat into small pieces b. store it in oxygen in packages c. vacuum-packaged in oxygen -impermeable film d. pack it in oxygen-permeable film

c. vacuum-packaged in oxygen -impermeable film

The Y Theory of management is: a. authoritarian b. autocratic c. based on managing tasks d. democratic

d. democratic

A pork chop is which type of protein exchange? a. high fat protein b. medium fat protein c. medium fat protein plus one fat exchange d. lean protein

d. lean protein

The NHANES study looks at which parameters? a. nutritional b. nutritional, clinical c. nutritional, biochemical d. nutritional, clinical, biochemical

d. nutritional, clinical, biochemical

Gauge refers to: a. ply b. finish c. polish d. thickness

d. thickness b. gauge- measures by wt of material per sq ft; the lower the gauge the stronger the material c. 10-14 gauge most oftern used for equipment d. metal lighter than 16 gauge; sides of equipment of parts where wear is light.

The main reason for keeping an inventory is: a. to plan next year's budget b. to prevent thievery c. to see how well you are following the budget d. to determine when and how much to reorder

d. to determine when and how much to reorder

How many mEq of Na are in 1g of Na A. 25 B. 43 C. 65 D. 110

A. 25 B. 43* C. 65 D. 110 Solution: 1,000 mg (1g) / Na wt (23) = 43 Must know atomic weight of the minerals Atomic wts: Calcium - 40 Chlorine - 35.4 Magnesium - 24.3 Phosphorus - 31 Potassium - 39 Sodium - 23 Sulfur - 32 Zinc - 65.4

Nitrogen equilibrium is associated with: A. 25 yr old pregnant female B. 25 yr old male C. 15 yr old girl D. 4 yr old child

A. 25 yr old pregnant female B. 25 yr old male* C. 15 yr old girl D. 4 yr old child Nitrogen equilibrium - nitrogen balance when intake and excretion of nitrogen are equal. Nitrogen balance when intake and excretion of nitrogen are equal

What is the mean of the following set of #'s? 3,2,2 A. 3 B. 2.3 C. 3.2 D. 2.5

A. 3 B. 2.3* C. 3.2 D. 2.5 Solution: 3+2+2= 7 7/3 = 2.3

Fresh eggs in the shell can be stored in a fridge at 40 degrees for. A. 3 weeks B. 2 weeks C. 10 days D. 4-6 days

A. 3 weeks*

A study showed the morbidity of children w/ anemia to be 5:1000. This means what? A. 5 children out of 1,000 died of anemia B. 5 children out of 1,000 had anemia C. 1,000 children had anemia D. 1,000 children died from anemia

A. 5 children out of 1,000 died of anemia (mortality = death) B. 5 children out of 1,000 had anemia* C. 1,000 children had anemia (5 out of 1,000 did, not all 1,000) D. 1,000 children died from anemia (5/1,000 were "ill" and no where does it say mortality)

Which of the following assessment methods is most appropriate for evaluating *nutritional risk in the elderly* at a health fair? A. BMI B. 24 hour dietary recall C. triceps skinfold thickness D. mid-arm muscle

A. BMI* (fast, quick, easy and give you an idea if they're underwt and not eating or overwt and eating too much) B. 24 hour dietary recall C. triceps skinfold thickness D. mid-arm muscle (skeletal mass)

The schillings test detects defects in the absorption of: A. Folate B. Cyancobalamin C. pyrodoxine D. Fe

A. Folate B. Cyancobalamin (B12)* C. pyrodoxine (B6) D. Fe CYANCOBALAMIN- contains cobait bound by intrinsic factor in gastric juice.. ANIMAL protein

If CHO intake in increased, which Vit needs to be increased A. Thaimine B. riboflavin C. niacin D. pyridoxine

A. Thaimine* B. riboflavin C. niacin D. pyridoxine (PRO, B6)

Sugar tenderizes a baked good by: A. absorbing some of the water that gluten needs B. increasing the strength of the gluten C. increasing the action of the leavening agent D. starting gluten development

A. absorbing some of the water that gluten needs

If you are on a low Phos diet, what food should you avoid A. beef B. Orange juice C. yogurt D. bread

A. beef* Meat and Dairy are H in Phos

When you measure functional and manipulative (physical) skills, which domain of learning are you analyzing? A. conceptual B. affective C. Human D. psychomotor

A. conceptual (not one of the three domains) B. affective (The manner in which we deal with things emotionally, such as feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasms, motivations, and attitudes.) C. Human (not one of the domains) D. psychomotor* (Includes physical movement, coordination, and use of the motor-skill areas. Development of these skills requires practice and is measured in terms of speed, precision, distance, procedures, or techniques in execution.) cognitive - Includes content knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. This includes the recall or recognition of specific facts and concepts that serve developing intellectual abilities and skills

When instituting an employee *training program*, begin by: A. conducting a needs assessment of all to be trained B. review programs offered by other facilities C. determine who will conduct the sessions D. decide on the appropriate sized group for training

A. conducting a needs assessment of all to be trained* (if some it's unnecessary for some employees no use wasting the time)

cholecystokinin causes: A. contraction of the gallbladder B. peristalsis C. secretion of pancreatic juice D. contraction of the liver

A. contraction of the gallbladder* cholecystokinin-A peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein.

Pantothenic acid, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin are involved in A. converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA B. converting tyrosine into phenylalanine C. converting glycogen into glucose D. converting lactic acid into oxalacetate

A. converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA* (glycolysis) B. converting tyrosine into phenylalanine C. converting glycogen into glucose D. converting lactic acid into oxalacetate (citric acid cycle)

Excess amt's of Zinc may lead to a Def in what mineral? A. copper B. Mg C. cobalt D. folate

A. copper*

Which would aid the absorption of an Fe supplement? A. cows milk, eggs B. Orange juice, hamburger C. milk, eggs, cheese D. dates, eggs

A. cows milk, eggs B. Orange juice, hamburger (vit C helps increase absorption)* C. milk, eggs, cheese D. dates, eggs

An amylase deficiency would result in: A. decreased gluconeogensis B. decreased lipolysis C. decreased glycolysis D. decreased proteolysis

A. decreased gluconeogensis B. decreased lipolysis (fat) C. decreased glycolysis* D. decreased proteolysis (protein)

Which of the following may result in metabolic acidosis? A. decreased retention of Bicarb B. decrease retention of hydrogen C. decreased retention of Chloride D. increased retention of bicarb

A. decreased retention of Bicarb* (=respiratory alkalosis) B. decrease retention of hydrogen (increase) C. decreased retention of Chloride D. increased retention of bicarb (metabolic alkalosis) metabolic acidosis (kidney's)

Which of the following must be *reduced to simpler components* b4 it can be transported across the epithelial cells of the intestine? A. dipeptides B. whey C. casein hydrolysate D. crystalline AA's

A. dipeptides B. whey* => AA's => dipeptides C. casein hydrolysate D. crystalline AA's *A,B, D are all broken down Epithelial Cells - one of several cells arranged in one or more layers that form part of a covering or lining of a body surface. The cells usually adhere to one other along their edges and surfaces. One surface is free, and the other rests on a non-cellular basement membrane.

You are asked to evaluate a new herbal supplement that you know is not healthy. You should A. discredit the manufacturers of the product B. because of liablity laws, you cannot say anything C. Explain why it's not sound and give alternatives D. do nothing

A. discredit the manufacturers of the product B. because of liablity laws, you cannot say anything (freedom of speech, and it just your opinion and have research to prove it's bad then) C. Explain why it's not sound and give alternatives* D. do nothing (always the wrong answer)

When *writing a research paper*, statement including "this is probably due to..." should be placed in which section? A. discussion B. results C. implications D. methodology

A. discussion*

Fat produces more calories than CHO because: A. fat has more carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen B. Fat has less carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen C. fat is a large molecule (yes, but not what we're looking for) D. fat is a smaller molecule (more carbons, it will be bigger)

A. fat has *more* carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen

Food iron is in the _______ form A. ferric B. ferritin C. transferrin D. Ferrous

A. ferric* B. ferritin (Storage form of Fe) C. transferrin (Fe bound to PRO to move throughout the body) D. Ferrous (converted to in the body)

Which is most likely to be a cause of salmonella? A. fresh fruit salad B. canned fruit salad C. Cesar salad D. avocado salad

A. fresh fruit salad B. canned fruit salad C. Cesar salad* (usually has chicken) D. avocado salad A,B,D= fruit, less like to have salmonella. More frequent in chicken and eggs.

Which of the following is true? A. fructose has sucrose B. fructose is less concentrated than glucose C. fructose takes longer to digest than glucose D. fructose is sweeter than glucose

A. fructose has sucrose B. fructose is less concentrated than glucose (opposite) C. fructose takes longer to digest than glucose (opposite) D. fructose is sweeter than glucose*

A group of rats being fed gelatin as the sole protein source are not *growing* well. What is likely the reason? If the sole source of protein is gelatin, growth is inhibited because: A. gelatin has no tryptophan and is low in methionine and lysine B. has no methionine and low in tryptophan C. no lysine, methionine, low tryptophan D. no arginine

A. gelatin has no tryptophan and is low in methionine and lysine* Methionine is actually a supplier of sulfur and a few other compounds that our body needs for normal metabolism and growth.

The cori cycle (citric acid/Krebs) converts A. glucose into galactose B. lactate into pyruvate C. lactic acid into glycogen D. glycogen into glucose

A. glucose into galactose (glycolysis) B. lactate into pyruvate* C. lactic acid into glycogen D. glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis)

A good source of *vitamin A* for *pre-school children* would be: A. grapes B. watermelon C. cantaloupe pieces D. banana

A. grapes (choking hazard) B. watermelon C. cantaloupe pieces (Think orange and red veg/fruit)* D. banana

How can you encourage preschool children to eat more fruit and vegetables A. have them participate in preparing fruits and vegetables B. have them draw pictures of fruits and vegetables C. give examples of good choice using pictures D. give examples of food choices using pictures

A. have them *participate* in preparing fruits and vegetables (critical to have kids help out in cooking when younger)

A commercial muffin mix is described as a "rich formula", means it contains A. high proportions of sugar and shortening B. high fructose corn syrup instead of crystalline sugar C. high amt's of whey instead of nonfat dry milk solids D. more chemical leavening than is used in a

A. high proportions of sugar and shortening* B. high fructose corn syrup instead of crystalline sugar C. high amt's of whey instead of nonfat dry milk solids D. more chemical leavening than is used in a "lean formula (low sugar, low fat)" "rich formula (H Fat, H sugar)"

Which of the following is the *most useful* for evaluating *long term nutrition* in a *community assessment* program? A. ht for age B. wt for ht C. wt for age D. length for wt

A. ht for age* (long term) B. wt for ht C. wt for age D. length for wt *B-D have wt which is a short term assessment

The *first step in evaluating the effectiveness* of a series of nutrition education programs would be to: A. identify objectives of ea. of the programs B. ask all participants to complete 24 hour recalls C. administer nutrition-knowledge tests to all D. verify attendance at each of the programs

A. identify objectives of ea. of the programs*

Aseptically packaged milk should be stored: A. in dry storage B. in the fridge C. in the freezer D. below 40 degrees

A. in dry storage * (in a packaging or container that allows it to stay fresh on a shelf w/o cooling) B. in the fridge C. in the freezer D. below 40 degrees B-D all cool or freeze Aseptically - a system of packaging sterilized products in airtight containers so that freshness is preserved for several months

You will be introducing new methods of production to you staff. The most effective method would be to? Which would be best when *preparing staff* for a new way to deliver trays? A. include them during discussions of proposed methods B. introduce the new method quickly C. let them know it is a better process D. ask employees if they will go along with the decision

A. include them during discussions of proposed methods no asking, tell them how it's going to be then let them have input)

a serum Na level of 150 may be due to? A. increase intake of Na rich foods B. decreased in steroid formation C. Increasing retention of Bicarb D. a decrease in intake of Na rich foods

A. increase intake of Na rich foods B. decreased in steroid formation C. Increasing retention of Bicarb (usually combined w/ Na)* D. a decrease in intake of Na rich foods NL level 135-145

The kidneys respond to respiratory acidosis A. increasing secretion of Mg B. exchanging Na for Ca C. increasing the retention of Bicarb D. exchanging K for Hydrogen

A. increasing secretion of Mg B. exchanging Na for Ca C. increasing the retention of Bicarb (done to offset Low pH level)* D. exchanging K for Hydrogen (you would use bicarb) The kidneys respond to respiratory (lungs) acidosis (excess hydrogen) Metabolic alkalosis

Which pasta contains egg? A. noodles B. spaghetti C. macaroni D. linguini

A. noodles* B. spaghetti C. macaroni D. linguini B-D have durum wheat

Trypsin and chymotrypsin are: A. pancreatic enzymes that are provided proteolytic B. intestinal enzymes that digest starch C. liver hormones involved in fat digestion D. an intestinal enzymes that digest protein

A. pancreatic enzymes that are provided proteolytic (break down protein) action* B. intestinal enzymes that digest starch (amaylase) C. liver hormones involved in fat digestion D. an intestinal enzymes that digest protein

The best away to *improve communication* with patients in a nutrition education group would be to focus on: A. paraphrasing B. internalizing C. empathizing D. referencing

A. paraphrasing * (putting the education or material into simpler terms they can understand* B. internalizing (incorporate (costs) as part of a pricing structure, especially social costs resulting from the manufacture and use of a product.) C. empathizing (to engage in or feel empathy) D. referencing (referring to something)

Which of the following is a digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas? A. pepsin B. amylase C. lactase D. maltase

A. pepsin (chief cells in the stomach) B. amylase* (breaks down CHO) C. lactase (SI) D. maltase (SI)

Green pea held on the serving line may turn olive green due to A. pheophytin B. chlorophyllin C. antoaxthins D.flavones

A. pheophytin* B. chlorophyllin (bright green) C. antoaxthins (blue/purple) D.flavones

Coarse texture in a cake is due to: A. too little baking powder (rising and leavening) B. over-mixing C. too much baking powder and sugar D. over temperature too high (dry, burned)

A. too little baking powder (rising and leavening) B. over-mixing C. too much baking powder and sugar* D. over temperature too high (dry, burned) (granules)

if linoleic acid replaces saturated fats in the diet: A. total CHOL including HDL decrease B. HDL increases (CHO replace) C. LDL increases (polyunsaturated) D. no lipid change

A. total CHOL including HDL decrease*

How can you preserve B1 (thiamine) when cooking pork? A. use the dripping after the fat has been removed B. insert a meat thermometer and cook it to 145F in and oven at 325F C. increase the cooking temperature to lessen cooking time D. add a small quantity of water during cooking

A. use the dripping after the fat has been removed B. insert a meat thermometer and cook it to 145F in and oven at 325F (Cooking to exact temp and temping it will prevent overcooking = loss of B1)* C. increase the cooking temperature to lessen cooking time D. add a small quantity of water during cooking

Which supplements should you give to a breast-fed baby? A. vitamin D an fluoride B. fluoride C. vitamin D D. vitamin A and C

A. vitamin D an fluoride

An 18 month old child should receive: A. whole milk B. 2% milk C. 1% milk D. skim milk

A. whole milk until 24 months

Which of the following is the best flour when making cakes? A. graham flour B. All-purpose (light, fluffy, moist) C. whole wheat D. durhum wheat

B. All-purpose (light, fluffy, moist)* A,C,D all contain higher whole wheat contents making the flour grainy and effects the chemistry.

The most likely source of clostridium perfringens is A. egg B. meat C. fruit D. vegetable

B. meat*

Meats cured with whey won't be tolerated by someone with: I. lactose intolerance II. diabetes III. post-gastrectomy of 3 months IV. duodenectomy a. I, II, III b. II, III, IV c. I d. I, III, IV

C. I- lactose intolerance

A client states he can *no longer return* to the *clinic* for counseling due a change in jobs. to ensure continued compliance w/ the diet, you should A. Give additional practice to ensure thorough understanding B. instruct him about other resources for follow-up C. Inform him about other resources for follow-up counseling D. provide several educational pamphlets regarding his diet

C. Inform him about other resources for follow-up counseling* (always provide other options to continue w/compliance)

What is the process by which the water content of a vegetable is replaced by a concentrated salt solution? A. gelling B. osmosis C. diffusion D. retrogradation

C. diffusion

The treatment for hyperbilirubinemia is: A. high calorie B. high protein C. high fluid D. high fat

C. high fluid Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition in which there is too much bilirubin in the blood

A normal pregnancy requires supplementation of: A. iron B. vitamin C, calcium, iron C. iron and folic acid D. calcium and zinc

C. iron and folic acid

The oxidation of FA's forms: A. acetyl Coa B. pyuvic acid C. lactic acid D. oxalacetate

C. lactic acid* (NADH => NADPH => Lactic acid)

A frozen meal contains steak, mashed potatoes, BHA (fat antioxindant) BHT (fat antioxidant), TVP (textured vegetable protein) A. add color B. improve taste C. retains water and add protein D. acts as an emulsifier

C. retains water and add protein *

A cutting board was used to cut up raw chicken. It was then used to cut up *raw veggies*. Guests eating the meal became ill most likely from: A. clostridium botulinum B. clostridium perfringens C. salmonella D. streptococcus

C. salmonella* (never cut meat and veg on same board. Clean in between)

Which of the following is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids? A. shrimp B. anchovies C. sardines D. olive oil

C. sardines

Gastric proteolysis requires A. pyridoxine B. ascorbic acid C. hydrochlroic acid D. intrinsic factor

Gastric proteolysis (breakdown of PRO) requires A. pyridoxine (B6) B. ascorbic acid (Vit C) C. hydrochlroic acid* (need acidic environment, trypsin) D. intrinsic factor (B 12)

What does a fecal fat of 12 grams indicate? a. severe fat malabsorption b. normal fat absorption c. high normal fat absorption d. nothing

a. severe fat malabsorption

Previously cooked hazardous food must be reheated to an internal temperature of 165'F for fifteen seconds within: a. 1 hour b. 2 hours c. 4 hours d. 30 minutes

b. 2 hours

Constipation in an infant would most likely be due to: a. GI distress b. lack of fruits c. inadequate fluid intake d. excessive formula

c. inadequate fluid intake

Theory Z is based on the following premise: a. workers accept responsibility b. self-direction and control are emphasized c. task, structure and authority d. mutual worker-employer loyalty

d. mutual worker-employer loyalty

A statement of affirmation in motivational interviewing would be: A. "Taking a walk during your lunch hour shows how determined you are." B. "I would like you to try to reduce portion size at dinner" C. Perhaps eating lunch away from your desk would be helpful" D. "Try to increase you intake of fruits and vegetables".

A. "Taking a walk during your lunch hour shows how determined you are."

Which denotes a high correlation A. 0.2 B. 0.4 C. 0.6 D. 0.8

A. 0.2 B. 0.4 C. 0.6 D. 0.8 (to 1.0)* Close to 1

Which exhibits a definitive positive correlation? A. 0.5-0.7 B. 1.2-1.3 C. 0.8-1 D. 0.2-0.9

A. 0.5-0.7 B. 1.2-1.3 too high C. 0.8-1* D. 0.2-0.9 Positive correlation - A relationship between two variables in which both variables move in tandem. A positive correlation exists when as one variable decreases, the other variable also decreases and vice versa. In statistics, a perfect positive correlation is represented by the value +1.00, while a 0.00 indicates no correlation and a -1.00 indicates a perfect negative correlation.

French fries made from *stored potatoes* would have changes in 1. taste 2. appearance 3. texture A. 1,2,3* B. 2,3 C. 1 D. 1,3

A. 1,2,3*

A # 10 can (most common size) can hold how many cups A. 10 B. 11 C. 13 D. 15

A. 10 B. 11 C. 13* D. 15

How many Kcal are needed for full term infants weighing 11lbs at 3 months A. 108 B. 365 C. 540 D. 720

A. 108 B. 365 C. 540* D. 720 solution: 1) wt / kg 11.3/2.2 = 5.14 2) Kg wt x kcal per kg pre term 5.14 x (100 to 120 kcal) = 514-616

How many oranges are needed to produce one quart of juice? A. 12 B. 15 C. 18 D. 20

A. 12 1 quart = 32 ounces

which of the following has the *least amount* of Saturated fat A. 2% milk B. half and half C. non-dairy creamer D. evaporated milk

A. 2% milk B. half and half C. non-dairy creamer D. evaporated milk * (remember animal products!)

BMI for age percentiles start at age: A. 24 months B. 36 months C. 48 months D. 5 years

A. 24 months

In a normal curve what % of data falls between +1 and -1 standard deviation (bell curve) A. 52 B. 93 C. 35 D. 68

A. 52 B. 93 C. 35 D. 68* (30------68-------93)

Looking at the following data, what is this person's total insensible fluid loss? Input: Oral fluids 2,000 Solid fluids 800 Metabolic water 250 Total 3050 Output: urine 2,100 intestinal 250 lungs and skin 700 total: 3050 A. 700 ml B. 950 ml C. 2,100 ml D. 3050ml

A. 700 ml* B. 950 ml C. 2,100 ml D. 3050ml insensible fluid loss - Transepidermal diffusion: water that passes through the skin and is lost by evaporation, and Evaporative water loss from the respiratory tract

A provitamin is A. A nutrient that can be converted into a vitamin B. a vitamin converted into a vitamin C. is secreted from pituitary gland D. stimulate glycogen production

A. A nutrient that can be converted into a vitamin*

If energy needs increase, which vitamins are need in higher amounts? A. A, C, folate B. A, C, Thaimin C. Thiamin, Niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid D. Pyidoxine, B12

A. A, C, folate B. A, C, Thaimin (B1) C. Thiamin (B1), Niacin (B3), riboflavin (B2), pantothenic acid* (B1-B3 CHO important in metabolism) D. Pyidoxine (Protein deamintaion), B12

What is the product of pyruvate breakdown A. Acetyl CoA ( B. gylcogen C. NAPDH D. glucose-6-phosphate

A. Acetyl CoA (=> this then use NADH =NADPH (FA's) into the krebs cycle)* B. gylcogen C. NAPDH D. glucose-6-phosphate (beginning of glycolysis)

A processed food entree includes TVP which is used to: A. Add color B improve taste C. retain water and aedd protein D. act as an emulsifier

A. Add color texturized vegetable protein (TVP)

Which of the following are synthesized by intestinal bacteria? A. Biotin,, pantothenic acid , vitamin K B. Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Biotin C. Pyridoxine, Vit E D. Ascorbic acid, pyridoxine, Vitamin K

A. Biotin (B9), pantothenic acid (B5), vitamin K* B. Vit E, Vit K, Biotin C. Pyridoxine (B6), Vit E D. Ascorbic acid (Vit C), pyridoxine, Vit K

What is the difference between cake flour and bread flour? A. Cake flour has less gluten, weaker gluten, less protein B. bread flour has less gluten, weaker gluten, less protein C. cake flour has weaker gluten, but has more protein D. bread flour has stronger gluten and less protein

A. Cake flour has less gluten, weaker gluten, less protein* B. bread flour has less gluten, weaker gluten, less protein (more protein) C. cake flour has weaker gluten, but has more protein (less protein) D. bread flour has stronger gluten and less protein (more protein)

A patient with metabolic alkalosis would have A. Excess excretion of base through the kidneys B. retention of base by the lungs C. excretion of base by the lungs D. retention of base by the kidney's

A. Excess excretion of base through the kidneys B. retention of base by the lungs C. excretion of base by the lungs D. retention of base by the kidney's* A patient with metabolic (kidneys) alkalosis Respiratory (lungs)

Which of the following study designs can best determine the effect of *promotional techniques* on cafeteria sales? To determine whether promotional efforts have increased sales in a business, use: A. Experimental B: observational C. survey D. segmentation

A. Experimental* (A method of research in the social sciences (such as sociology or psychology) in which a controlled experimental factor is subjected to special treatment for purposes of comparison with a factor kept constant.) B. observational (Inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher) C. survey (The survey is a method for collecting information or data as reported by individuals. Surveys are questionnaires (or a series of questions) that are administered to research participants who answer the questions themselves) D. segmentation (Identifying groups of people who respond differently to marketing so that your efforts can be focused on the most attractive prospects.)

Metabolites of the Kreb's cycle are: A. water, energy, carbon dioxide B. energy and pyruvic acid C. electrolytes, water D. lactic acid and glycogen

A. H2O, energy (ATP), carbon dioxide* B. energy and pyruvic acid (glycolysis) C. electrolytes (not a byproduct), water D. lactic acid (byproduct of glycolysis) and glycogen (storage of glucose)

A neonate at birth was at the 75th percentile for wt for age. At 6 months he appears healthy and was at the 60th percentile wt for age. This indicates that: A. He has a low caloric intake B. Experiencing normal growth C. He may have protein-energy malnutrition D. birth measurements were incorrect

A. He has a low caloric intake B. Experiencing normal growth* C. He may have protein-energy malnutrition D. birth measurements were incorrect Growth rate between 25-80 is healthy (85 overwt, 90 obese, 20 underweight, 15 very underweight)

Homemade rolls are crumbly and fall apart easily. the most likely cause is A. High PRO flour B. Low PRO flour C. insufficient proofing D. excessive proofing

A. High PRO flour B. Low PRO flour* (think of your muscle, not enough protein will lead to lack of structure to hold you together = weakening) C. insufficient proofing (rising of the dough) D. excessive proofing (over rising/over expansion)

What may cause EKG abnormalities? A. High serum K levels B. low serum K levels C. low serum Na levels D. High serum Na levels

A. High serum K levels* (peaks the T-wave) K too high or too low can cause serious heart issues and lead to death

If linoleic (omega 6) replace CHO in the diet: A. LDL decreases and HDL increases B. LDL and HDL decreases C. LDL and HDL increase D. LDL increases and HDL decreases

A. LDL decreases and HDL increases* B. LDL and HDL decreases (polyunsaturated) C. LDL and HDL increase D. LDL increases and HDL decreases (saturated)

Sorbitol is: A. Less sweet than sucrose and has a lower GI than sucrose B. Less sweet than sucrose with a Higher GI than sucrose C. sweeter than sucrose D. sweeter than sucrose and has a lower GI than sucrose

A. Less sweet than sucrose and has a lower GI than sucrose* B. Less sweet than sucrose (true) with a Higher GI than sucrose (false, lower) C. sweeter than sucrose (less sweet) D. sweeter than sucrose (less sweet) and has a lower GI than sucrose (true)

Clostridium perfringens is often found in: A. Meat and gravies mixtures in large quantities B. fresh fruits and vegetables C. dairy mixtures D. uncured cheese

A. Meat and gravies mixtures in large quantities*

A child is at the *95th* percentile BMI for age. He is: A. Normal B. obese C. overweight D. tall for his age

A. Normal (25-85 percentile) B. obese* (95 percentile +)* C. overwt (85-95) D. tall for his age (wt!!!)

which has the lowest cholesterol content: A. PB and crackers B. yogurt with fruit C. chocolate cake D. roast beef sandwich

A. PB and crackers* Cholesterol (think animal products)

Margarine has FA's in this order of predominance A. PUFA, MUFA, SFA B. SAT, MUFA, PUFA C. MUFA, SAT, PUFA D. MUFA, PUFA, SAT

A. PUFA, MUFA, SFA (cottonseed, corn) * B. SAT, MUFA, PUFA (coconut, palm C. MUFA, SAT, PUFA D. MUFA, PUFA, SAT (olive oil, canola)

Which patient has marasmus? Patient A Patient B Patient C Male Female Male serum albumin 3.5 2.6 4.0 transferrin 275 125 450 triceps skinfold 3 16.8 17 MAMC 15 24.1 28.1 TLC 1000 3500 a. A b. B c. C d. A, B

A. Patient A Marasmus- severe undernourishment causing an infant's or child's weight to be significantly low for their age Triceps skin fold is < 3 mm in marasmus. Albumin: Although not useful for diagnosis The normal range for transferrin is 170 to 370 mg/dl. Mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC)

Patients w/ COPD may better tolerate diets in which fat, rather than CHO, is the primary energy source, because oxidation of fat: A. Raises RQ B. consumes less oxygen C. increases respiratory rate D. spares protein

A. Raises RQ (lowers) B. consumes less O2* (less Co2 Production = less stress on the lungs) C. increases respiratory rate (CHO will) D. spares protein *RQ level NL 0.8-1

Four hours after eating you develop nausea, diarrhea, but no fever A. Staph aureus B. clostridium botulinum C.clostridiu perfringens D. streptococcus

A. Staph aureus B. clostridium botulinum C.clostridiu perfringens D. streptococcus

Which of the following has a slow onset and is anaerobic A. Staph aureus B. clostridium perfringens C. botulism D. salmonella

A. Staph aureus (aerobic) B. clostridium perfringens C. botulism* D. salmonella (aerboic)

A typical meal of a *pregnant teenager* consists of a hamburger, french fries and diet soda. Which of the following changes would be most beneficial? A. Substitute fresh vegetables for french fries B. substitute a milkshake for a diet soda C. add fresh fruit to the meal D. add another hamburger

A. Substitute fresh vegetables for french fries B. substitute a milkshake for a diet soda (getting rid of excess sugar and getting Vit D, Ca and Phos from the milk)* C. add fresh fruit to the meal (if she is willing to make this change it would be good) D. add another hamburger *Protein from the beef, CHO from the fries

An example of nominal (frequency) data is: A. Temperature B. wt C. differences between men and women D. rank in class

A. Temperature B. wt C. differences between men and women* D. rank in class Nominal data - categorically discrete data such as name of your school, type of car you drive or name of a book. This one is easy to remember because nominal sounds like name (they have the same Latin root).

The best *indicator* that children *profited* from a nutrition *education* program about iron is: A. Their parents have increased knowledge B. children have increased knowledge of iron C. Children select more snacks w/ iron D. The parents have normal hemoglobin level

A. Their parents have increased knowledge B. children have increased knowledge of iron (minimal knowledge of nutrition) C. Children select more snacks w/ Fe* (dried fruits, green veg, fortified snacks/cereal) D. The parents have normal hemoglobin level

Which of the following is a grade for fresh produce? A. US select B. US Grade A C. US No. 1 D. US standard

A. US select (meats) B. US Grade A (meats) C. US No. 1 * D. US standard * http://www.fns.usda.gov/fdd/specifications-us-grading-standards grading system

You are a food service RD and would like to make *lower fat brownies*. What is the best way to cut the fat? A. Use margarine instead of butt B. cut out all the fat C. cut out half the fat D. use prune pure in place of half the fat

A. Use margarine instead of butt B. cut out all the fat C. cut out half the fat D. use prune pure in place of half the fat* When you cut sugar or fat out you need to replace it with another ingredient for consistency, texture and recipe reasons. Usually when you see "reduced fat" they add my CHO or sugar. Reduce sugar, sugar, 25% less sugar, they usually will add in a artificial sweetener to make up for the sweetness lost

In cereal production *enrichment* adds: A. Vit A B. Vit D C. Fe D. iodine

A. Vit A B. Vit D C. Fe (also B vitamins that are stripped when the germ is removed)* D. iodine (salt)

The statement "after class, the Pt will be able to write a day's menu following the guidelines' is..... A. a goal B. an objective C. a plan D. a research hypothesis

A. a goal B. an objective* (a thing aimed at or sought; a goal) C. a plan D. a research hypothesis (nothing research related in this sentence*)

When *training new employees*, what should always be followed? A. a planned orientation and training program B. gov't orientation regulations C. OSHA orientation regulations D. county orientation regulations

A. a planned orientation and training program*

An angel food cake is made w/o cream of tarter. What is the result? A. a yellowy cake B. bright white cake C. a cake w/ large volume D. a very tender cake

A. a yellowy cake* B. bright white cake C. a cake w/ large volume (all-purpose flour) D. a very tender cake (fat) cream of tarter - 1. Controls pH 2. stabilizes egg whites 3. prevents discoloration 4. maintain color

A muffin has long tunnels from top to bottom. Next time you make this recipe you should A. add more baking soda B. avoid over-mixing the batter C. add less butter D. cook it a shorter time

A. add more baking soda B. avoid over-mixing the batter: decrease mixing = fluffier batter.* C. add less butter D. cook it a shorter time (muffin would be cooked all the way through)

You want to keep lemon *meringue pie at its peak* What should you do? A. add sugar w/ eggs B. add flour w/ butter C. keep the pie at room temp D. keep pie in the fridge

A. add sugar w/ eggs B. add flour w/ butter (you don't add flour to a merinque, ususally sugar) C. keep the pie at room temp (peak will fall) D. keep pie in the fridge*

What type of learning is used when you learn certain *physical skills* that require physical manipulation A. affective B. cognitive C. psycho-motor D. ambidextrous

A. affective (emotion) B. cognitive C. psycho-motor* D. ambidextrous (can do writing, throwing, etc w/ both hands efficiently)

A client says: "I want to change my eating habits" You ask why. The learning domain is: A. affective B. cognitive C. pyschomotor D. psychosocial

A. affective * (expressing feelings, attitude or appreciation) B. cognitive (listen, take in, then act) C. pyschomotor (physical, movement, take action) D. psychosocial

Which AA is especially glucogenic A. alanine B. threonine C. valine D. methionine

A. alanine* non-essential (body makes meaning excess the body will not need and will excrete, energy or store) B. threonine (essential) C. valine (essential) D. methionine

Which enzymes are secreted by the pancreas? A. amylase, lipase, cholesterol estarase, trypsin, chymotrypsin B. sucrose, maltase, lactase, aminopeptidase C. ptyalin D. aminopeptidase, dipeptidase

A. amylase, lipase, cholesterol estarase, trypsin, chymotrypsin* B. sucrose, maltase, lactase, aminopeptidase C. ptyalin (mouth) D. aminopeptidase, dipeptidase

Glycerol, AA's, FA's, will have what effect on the *hypothalmus* gland?

A. an increase in satiety B. decrease in satiety* (food is going to tell this gland your full so your appetite will decrease) C. An increased activity level D. increased lethargy Function: http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/hypothalamus. Affects mood, thirst, and hunger

To increases K intake consume a snack of A. cheese, crackers, plums and cranberry juices B. bagel, milk, apple C. grilled cheese, tomato sandwich, strawberries D. tuna salad, wheat roll, cola

A. cheese, crackers, plums and cranberry juices B. bagel, milk, apple C. grilled cheese, *tomato* sandwich, strawberries (tomato 200mg K+) D. tuna salad, wheat roll, cola (limited K here due to no fruit or veggie)

A *focus group* contribute what data? A. analytical B. experimental C. attitudinal D. objective

A. analytical (The science of examining raw data with the purpose of drawing conclusions about that information) B. experimental (Data produced by a measurement, test method, experimental design or quasi-experimental design) C. attitudinal* (Information *collected by a company* that measures the importance a consumer places on particular attributes of products or services. Attitudinal data is often collected through surveys, and is designed to measure how a consumer "feels" about something. While the information can prove to be useful, it must often be combined with more objective data in order to provide a clear picture of consumer likes and dislikes. See also demographic data.) D. objective (The process in which data relating to the client's problem are obtained through direct physical examination, including observation, palpation, percussion, and auscultation, and by laboratory analyses and radiological and other studies.)

In the human, Vitamin K is affected by: A. anticogulants and antibiotics B. idodine C. water soluble Vitamins D. gluten

A. anticogulants and antibiotics (vit K is produced by bacteria in the SI)* B. idodine (thyoid, thyroxine) C. water soluble Vitamins (B's and C) D. gluten (wheat protein)

A pt who is Fe Def should consume ______ w/ a good Fe source A. apple juice B. orange juice C. milk D. cheese

A. apple juice B. orange juice* (H Vit C content, increases absorption) C. milk D. cheese Dairy main micro-nutrients are phos, Vit D, Ca,

Which of the following nonessential amino acids may be considered conditionally essential in catabolic stress such as heart failure? A. arginine B. asparagine C. proline D. leucine

A. arginine

Which of the following nonessential AA's may be useful in post-burn therapy? A. arginine B. asparagine C. proline D. lecuine

A. arginine* (speeds up healing, comes in a powder to mix in water) B. asparagine C. proline (=> hydroproline => collagen) Vitamin C D. lecuine (muscle repair)

After you review the patient's medical record, the first step in counseling is: A. assess the patient's nutr status B. collect all relevant data C. establish a climate of trust D. establish an overall evaluation plan for patient

A. assess the patient's nutr status (2) B. collect all relevant data (3) C. establish a climate of trust* (1) D. establish an overall evaluation plan for patient (4)

At which step in the educational process do you begin evaluation? A. assessment B. planning C. implementation D. evaluation

A. assessment

Beef bottom round should be cooked: A. at a high temp for a short time B. in water for an extended time C. in dry heat D. in moist heat for a short time

A. at a high temp for a short time (long time) B. in water for an extended time* C. in dry heat D. in moist heat for a short time (long time)

When counseling an *anorexic*, the best advice is to: A. be real strict in their food choices B. be flexible and help them choose reasonable goals C. provide a large variety of menu items D. give them free rein with their intake

A. be real strict in their food choices (will cause resistance to not eat more) B. be *flexible* and help them choose reasonable *goals* C. provide a large variety of menu items D. give them free rein with their intake (will still continue bad and negative eating habits that got them there)

Which of the following *lunch menus* must be most appropriate for an *18 month old*? A. beef patty, while wheat bread, cooked carrots, banana chunks, whole milk B. baked chicken, lettuce w/ low fat dressing, broccoli, mashed potato, 2% milk C. turkey, rice, sliced cucumber, applesauce, whole milk D. cottage cheese, canned peaches, cooked carrots, white bread, 2% milk

A. beef patty, while wheat bread, cooked carrots, banana chunks, whole milk (high calories, Protein, whole grains, veggies, zinc, Mg, Fe) **

Creatine supplements may be beneficial for the: A. body builder B. marathon runner C. soccer player D. hockey player

A. body builder

Example of moist heat cooking include: A. braising, stewing B. grilling, frying C. broiling, braising D. steaming, frying

A. braising, stewing*

Green beans cooked in tomato sauce turn _____ due to ____ A. bright green: chlorophyllin B. olive green; pheophytin C. brown; caretenoids D. black anthoxanthins

A. bright green: chlorophyllin (blanching/cold water bath) B. olive green; pheophytin (heat)* C. brown; caretenoids (orange veggies) D. black anthoxanthins (blue and purple veggies/fruits)

The flour with the most starch A. cake B. whole wheat C. instantized D. durum

A. cake* B. whole wheat C. instantized D. durum (pasta) B-D have wheat = less starch, more fiber, PRO and vitamins Instantized flour - A low-protein, pre-gelatinized wheat flour to which some malted barley flour has been added. It has been formulated to dissolve quickly in either hot or cold liquids, and is most often called for to thicken gravies and sauces.

To decrease Na intake, substitute: A. carrots for celery B. unsalted butter for salted butter C. diet margarine for regular margarine D. carrots for peppers

A. carrots for celery B. unsalted* butter for salted butter C. diet margarine for regular margarine D. carrots for peppers *Vegetables have minimal Na unless added

glycogenolysis is the: A. catabolism of CHO B. creation of glucose from Glycerol (fat) and AA's (PRO) (Gluconeogenesis) C. break down of glycogen releasing glucose D. creation of glycogen

A. catabolism of CHO B. creation of glucose from Glycerol (fat) and AA's (PRO) (Gluconeogenesis) C. break down of glycogen releasing glucose* D. creation of glycogen

Gluconeogenesis is? A. catabolism of CHO B. creation of glucose from Glycerol and amino acids C. break down of glycogen releasing glucose D. creation of glycogen

A. catabolism of CHO B. creation of glucose from Glycerol (fat) and AA's (PRO)* C. break down of glycogen releasing glucose (glycogenolysis) D. creation of glycogen

An 8 month old baby contracts botulism (canned foods). What is likely the cause? A. cereal and evaporated milk B. cereal and honey C. cereal and table food D. cereal and fruit juice

A. cereal and evaporated milk B. cereal and honey* (babies should never have honey due to their immune system not being fully developed C. cereal and table food D. cereal and fruit juice botulism- A rare poisoning caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria.

Which food-borne pathogen would most likely contaminate *cooked rice* or pasta in open pans at room temp? A. clostridium perfringens B. bacillus cereus C. staphlyococcus D. camplyobacter jejuni

A. clostridium perfringens (meat, poultry, gravy) B. bacillus cereus (rice, sauce)* C. staphlyococcus (salads, eggs, meat, dairy, macaroni) D. camplyobacter jejuni (uncooked chicken, water, milk)

Which oil is highest in saturated fats? A. coconut B. palm C. cocoa butter D. butter

A. coconut* (MCT's)

A study design that tracks the occurrence of infections in patients who are at nutritional risk and in the hospital for longer than seven days is: A. cohort study B. a time series method C. a case control study D. descriptive research

A. cohort study* -design identifies a people exposed to a particular factor and a comparison group that was not exposed to that factor) case control study - you are studying the disease and see if you can associate risk factors to it. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred.

Pernicious anemia is likely to occur following a? A. colectomy B. colostomy C. gastrectomy D. esophagostomy

A. colectomy (colon removal) B. colostomy (colon) C. gastrectomy (stomach removal. Intrinsic factor occurs here) * D. esophagostomy (esophagus) Pernicious anemia - Pernicious anemia is a decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12.

Which mineral is absorbed through the intestine and transported w/ ceruloplasmin in the blood A. copper B. iodine C. Na D. Ca

A. copper* B. iodine (salt) C. Na D. Ca Copper - attached to protein ceruloplasmin (The major copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism.). Hemoglobin synthesis that aids in iron absorption

The following oils can be winterized: A. corn, soy, cottenseed B. olive, corn, soy C. olive cottenseed D. olive, corn

A. corn, soy, cottenseed (H Polyunsaturated and omega-6)* B. olive, corn, soy C. olive cottenseed D. olive, corn B-D have olive oil which can't be winterized (H monounsaturated)

*Statistics* that let you *draw probable conclusions* beyond your immediate universe data, are called: A. descriptive stats B. inferential stats C. variable interest stats D. continuous stats

A. descriptive stats (Summarizes a given data set, which can either be a representation of the entire population or a sample. The measures used to describe the data set are measures of central tendency and measures of variability or dispersion.) B. inferential stats* (Makes inferences about populations using data drawn from the population. Instead of using the entire population to gather the data, the statistician will collect a sample or samples from the millions of residents and make inferences about the entire population using the sample.) C. variable interest stats D. continuous stats

Which is the best source of emulsification? A. eggs B. milk C. salt D. flour

A. eggs* (binds ingredients*

NADPH is: A. essential in the synthesis of FA's B. essential in the synthesis of glycogen C. involved int catabolism D. essential in transamination

A. essential in the synthesis of FA's *

In a study of the effects of sacchrine (artificial sweetener), who received the placebo? A. experimental group B. the group receiving saccharine C. group receiving the sugar D. the group which has never been tested before

A. experimental group B. the group receiving saccharine (control) C. group receiving the sugar (water pill/sugar pill)* D. the group which has never been tested before

You can best *evaluate* your client's application of *dietary modifications* by asking him to: A. explain what he knows about the new diet B. name four foods to avoid C. select an appropriate dinner meal from a menu D. list everything on the diet that he ate that day

A. explain what he knows about the new diet B. name four foods to avoid (doesn't mean they will avoid them) C. select an appropriate dinner meal from a menu* (seeing what they choose will indicate to you if they listened and are following the modifications you made for them) D. list everything on the diet that he ate that day (may not remember or able to recall)

The tartness in fruits and vegetables is due to: A. flavones B. chlorophyll C. anthoxanthins D. tannins

A. flavones B. chlorophyll C. anthoxanthins D. tannin's* tannins-A yellowish or brownish bitter-tasting organic substance present in some galls, barks, and other plant tissues, consisting of derivatives of gallic acid, used in leather production and ink manufacture. anthoxanthins- Any of a group of ivory to yellow or orange crystalline pigments that are similar to anthocyanins in their solubility in plant cell sap but are derived in most cases from flavone or flavonol flavones- A colorless, crystalline, water-insoluble compound, C 15 H 10 O 2, the parent substance of a group of naturally occurring derivatives some of which have been used as yellow dyes. chlorophyll-A green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring.

Lactic acid is produced by A. glycolysis B. gluconeogensis C. glycogensis D. lactolysis

A. glycolysis* (the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid) B. gluconeogensis (metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids) C. glycogensis (the formation of glycogen from sugar) D. lactolysis (the hydrolysis of lactose (typically by a galactosidase)

What usually occurs when iso-caloric amount of omega-3 Fatty acids are substituted for Saturated fatty acids? A. increase HDL, Reduce LDL B. decrease TG, lower total CHOL C. decreased TG, little to no change in total CHOL D. lower HDL, Increased LDL

A. increase HDL, Reduce LDL (monounsaturated) B. decrease TG, lower total CHOL C. decreased TG, little to no change in total CHOL* D. lower HDL, Increased LDL (saturated)

whaat is the effect of excess caffeine intake? A. insomnia B. nausea C. bloating D. weight gain

A. insomnia

Which hormone regulates Ca levels? A. insulin B. thyroid C. parathyroid D. aldosterone

A. insulin B. thyroid (iodine) C. parathyroid* (para meaning near/by the thyroid) D. aldosterone (kidney)

Pyridoxine (B6) acts as a coenzyme in A. iron transfer B. deamination and transamination C. Fat transfer through the lymphatic system D. osmotic pressure of body fluids

A. iron transfer (protein help with transferring) B. deamination and transamination (of proteins)* C. Fat transfer through the lymphatic system D. osmotic pressure of body fluids

What is the *main purpose* of water in the body? A. it acts as a medium for cell metabolism B. helps transport Ca through cell membranes C. maintains electrolyte balance D. maintain body temp

A. it acts as a medium for cell metabolism* B. helps transport Ca through cell membranes C. maintains electrolyte balance D. maintain body temp *B-D are true but not the main prupose

Prevention of an outbreak of listeria monocytogenes require special care because A. it is sensitive to light B. it's sensitive to low temperatures C. Its ability to grow at temps of 34-113F D. its ability to grow at temps 140-160

A. it is sensitive to light B. it's sensitive to low temperatures C. Its ability to grow at temps of 34-113F (danger zone)* D. its ability to grow at temps 140-160 (would destroy the bacteria

The *purpose* of an *emulsifier* in margarine is to: A. keep water and fat from separating B. keep water and fat separated (don't want this C. sustain the natural flavor of the ingredients D. retain color

A. keep water and fat from separating*

A child is lethargic and irritable w/ diarrhea. The cause may be: A. lead toxicity B. lead toxicity C. iron overload D. Vit A toxicity

A. lead toxicity B. lead toxicity (common Q esp if you see children in the Q and this is a answer)* C. iron overload (constipation) D. Vit A toxicity (skin pigment changes color)

A low birth weight infant weighs: A. less than 2500grams B. between 500 and 1500 grams C. between 3000 and 4000 grams D. between 100 and 500 grams

A. less than 2500grams 1 g = 0.03527396 oz 1 oz = 28.34952313 g

Which of the following weight gains puts a pregnant women at risk? A. less than 4lbs/month in the last half of the pregnancy B. less than 5lbs/month in the last half of the pregnancy C. less than 6lbs/month in the last half of the pregnancy D. more than 2lbs/month in the last half of the pregnancy

A. less than 4lbs/month in the last half of the pregnancy

The rate of oxidation of which BCAA increases significantly during moderate exercise A. leucine B. phenyalanine C. tyrosine D. threonine

A. leucine (other BCAA's important for muscle synthesis are valine and isoleucine)*

What is the *best* way to assess what a group of students *has learned* after diet instruction. A. list their skills B. have them explain their skills C. have them demonstrate their skills D. post-test on their skill

A. list their skills B. have them explain their skills (may not remember) C. have them demonstrate their skills (demonstration is the best.* It shows they what they picked up and listened to) D. post-test on their skills (not everyone is a great test taker)

Bile is produced in the ____ and stored in the _____ A. liver, gallbladder B. gallbladder, liver C. liver, liver D. gallbladder, gallbladder

A. liver, gallbladder*

The outpatient RD is planning a continuing education program. What should be *done first*. A. locate the guest speaker B. survey pt's to see what interests them C. survey other RD's groups to see what they are doing D. select a topic that has not been offered lately

A. locate the guest speaker (not practical) B. survey pt's to see what interests them* (If you find material that interests them they will be much more willing to learn and make changes!) C. survey other RD's groups to see what they are doing (not everything RD's use will work for you or your patients) D. select a topic that has not been offered lately (cater to the pt!)

Salmonella contamination in a food service can be best controlled by focusing on A. meat delivery procedures B. sanitizing the meat slicer C. serving less meat D. Meat storage procedures

A. meat delivery procedures B. sanitizing the meat slicer* C. serving less meat (not necessary if you have a proper cleaning procedure) D. Meat storage procedures

Riboflavin (B2), thaimin (B1), and niacin (B3) are all involved in? A. metabolism of CHO B. metabolism of fat (lipase) C. metabolism of protein (pyriodoxine B6, Peptidase) D. production of AA's

A. metabolism of CHO *

A natural plant hormone that is used to ripen fruits is: A. methanol B. ethylene C. acetyl acid D. ethanol

A. methanol (canning, juice, artificial sugars) B. ethylene* C. acetyl acid (vinegar) D. ethanol (alcohol)

*Acidic* chyme becomes neutralized in the duodenum by: A. mixing bicarb and fluids B. mixing alkaline intestinal enzymes C. mixing Na and potassium D. mixing with bile

A. mixing bicarb and fluids* (lowers pH)

In interpreting *statistical data, if half the observations are above the number 8, and half are below the # 8, the # 8 is the ? A. mode B. median C. mean D. average

A. mode (most common #, the number that is repeated more often than any other) B. median (median is the middle value) C. mean (the usual average) D. average C and D are the same

Which is *not absorbed* directly into the portal vein? A. monosacchrides B. Amino acids C. MCT's D. LCFA's

A. monosacchrides B. AA's C. medium chained fatty acids (MCT's) D. long chained fatty acids (LCFA's) * A-C are already broken down and ready to be absorbed

The incidence of xeropthalmia (Dry eyes) in children between the ages of 1-5 is 5:1,000. This means: A. morbidity rate of xeropthalmia is 5 in every 1,000 children ages 1-5 B. mortality rate of xeropthalmia is 5,000 in this age group C. morbidity rate of xeropthalmia is 5,000 in this group D. mortality rate is 5 in every 1,000 children study groups, the hypothesis is

A. morbidity (illness) rate of xeropthalmia is 5 in every 1,000 children ages 1-5* B. mortality rate of xeropthalmia is 5,000 in this age group (no ones dying and not 5,000) C. morbidity rate of xeropthalmia is 5,000 in this group (you don't multiple 5 x 1000) D. mortality rate is 5 in every 1,000 children study groups, the hypothesis is (mortality not mentioned)

When on Dicumarol (anticogulant), avoid increasing intake of: A. spinach B. beets C. corn D. beef

A. spinach (vit K= blood clotting) B. beets C. corn D. beef

The statement "the county's infant mortality (death) rate is 12.8, and the state's infant mortality rate is 10.5" means that A. more infants died in the county than the state B. for ever 1,000 live births in the county, 12.8 infants died C. 2 more infants died in the county that in state D. 12.8% of the infants born in the county died before the age of 1 yr

A. more infants died in the county than the state B. for ever 1,000 live births in the county, 12.8 infants died* C. 2 more infants died in the county that in state (2.3 more) D. 12.8% of the infants born in the county died before the age of 1 yr (years not message or reference to) Deaths or morbidity always out of 1000*

A food is bacteria *safe* if it is A. neutral and moist B. neutral and dry C. acidic and dry D. acidic and moist

A. neutral and moist B. neutral and dry C. acidic and dry* (key to bacterial growth prevention) D. acidic and moist * bacteria grow in moist enviroments

A pt. nitrogen balance study showed he consumed 10 grams of PRO and released 8 grams of nitrogen in urine. This is: A. nitrogen balance B. negative nitrogen balance C. positive nitrogen balance D. plus 4 nitrogen balance

A. nitrogen balance B. negative nitrogen balance * C. positive nitrogen balance D. plus 4 nitrogen balance negative nitrogen balance - Nitrogen balance is a measure of nitrogen input minus nitrogen output. Nitrogen Balance = Nitrogen intake - Nitrogen loss. Sources of nitrogen intake include meat, dairy, eggs, nuts and legumes, and grains and cereals. Examples of nitrogen losses include urine, feces, sweat, hair, and skin.

Which defines the statistical term "mean"? A. number that occurs the most frequently B. the average C. the central tendency D. a value in an ordered set of #'s below and above which fall in an equal set of #'s

A. number that occurs the most frequently (mode) B. the avg* C. the central tendency (this is a measure of mean) D. a value in an ordered set of #'s below and above which fall in an equal set of #'s

protein-bound *iodine* (PBI) measures: A. nutritional status B. toxic levels of iodine C. Def of epinephrine D. level of thyroxine

A. nutritional status B. toxic levels of iodine C. Def of epinephrine D. level of thyroxine (thyroid gland test) being produced* *goiter* What gland depends most on iodine?

How do you *begin an interview* w/ a patient? A. obtain ht and wt B. get a nutritional Hx C. introduce yourself and make them comfortable D. give the diet instruction

A. obtain ht and wt (3) B. get a nutritional Hx (2) C. introduce yourself and make them comfortable* (get them to trust you and they it will be easier to dissect information from them and easier to educate them) (1) D. give the diet instruction (4)

Fats H in polyunsaturated Fa's include: A. olive and canola B. safflower and corn C. coconut and palm D. soy and peanut

A. olive and canola (monounsat) B. safflower and corn (polyunsat/omega-6)* C. coconut and palm (saturated) D. soy and peanut (poly/mono)

Fats H in Monounsaturated Fa's include: A. olive and canola B. safflower and corn C. coconut and palm D. soy and peanut

A. olive and canola* B. safflower and corn (polyunsat/omega-6) C. coconut and palm (saturated) D. soy and peanut (poly/mono)

Which oil is the highest monounsaturated fatty acids? A. olive B. palm C. cocoa butter D. butter

A. olive*

The scientific process by which water makes lettuce crisp A. osmotic pressure of water filled vacuoles B. diffusion C. transamination D. water active diffusion

A. osmotic pressure of water filled vacuoles* diffusion- The process whereby particles of liquids, gases, or solids intermingle as the result of their spontaneous movement caused by thermal agitation and in dissolved substances move from a region of higher to one of lower concentration osmotic pressure- The pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis, often used to express the concentration of the solution.

Which is the least common symptom in the elderly? a. osteomalacia b. osteoporosis c. obesity d. hypertension

A. osteomalacia (softening of the bones, typically through a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium.)

A serum Na level of 115 (low) mEq/L may be due to A. over hydration (makes level look diluted)* B. dehydration (raised levels C. H Na intake D. Na intake of 5.5 per day

A. over hydration (makes level look diluted)* B. dehydration (raised level) C. H Na intake D. Na intake of 5.5 per day The normal sodium level is between 135-145 mEq/l, and levels below 110 mEq/l constitute a true emergency

A child at the 85 percentile for BMI is? A. overweight B. tall for his age C. muscular for his age D. Normal

A. overwt (85-95)* B. tall for his age (wt!!!) C. muscular for his age (doesn't account for muscle) D. Normal (25-85 percentile)

Fats used in frying can become rancid due to the: A. oxidation of unsaturated fats B. Uptake of oxygen at the point of saturation C. removal of high-melting triglycerides D. prolonged exposure to high temperatures

A. oxidation of unsaturated fats

Fats used in frying can become rancid due to A. oxidation of unsaturated fats B. uptake of O2 at the point of saturation C. removal of High melting TG D. prolonged exposure to H temps

A. oxidation of unsaturated fats*

Frozen chicken has been thawed in warm water. You should: A. prepare it immediately B. discard it C. refreeze it D. refrigerate it

A. prepare it immediately B. discard it* C. refreeze it D. refrigerate it *never thaw on the counter or warm water. Increases bacterial growth within the meat)*

What should you do with a new client who sits *scowling at you* during the session A. presume she understands what you are saying B. ask her if she is uncomfortable about the session C. recognize the new clients are seldom relaxed D. presume that she just would rather be somewhere

A. presume she understands what you are saying (she's obviously upset or angry) B. ask her if she is uncomfortable about the session* C. recognize the new clients are seldom relaxed (false) D. presume that she just would rather be somewhere (never presume) scowing - frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.

The # of individuals in a population *diagnosed* w/ a specific condition during a *specified time* is the A. prevalence B. incidence C. duration of condition D. rate of the condition

A. prevalence (actual # of diseased) B. incidence* (occurrence rate, frequency, new cases of disease) C. duration of condition D. rate of the condition

What is a function of cream of tartar? A. prevents mallard reaction* B. enhances mallard reaction C. increases alkalinity allowing for better leavening D. enhances gelatin

A. prevents mallard reaction* (prevent discoloration so if a cake was white, it would keep it white and not brown or turn yellow)

Inferential statistics are associated w/? A. probability B. mean C. mode D. graphs

A. probability* B. mean (add all the #'s then Divide by the total amt Ex 5+4+2= 9/3 = 6) C. mode (most common #) D. graphs Inferential statistics - makes inferences about populations using data drawn from the population. Instead of using the entire population to gather the data, the statistician will collect a sample or samples from the millions of residents and make inferences about the entire population using the sample.

When counseling patient's who have limited ability to speak and understand your language should: A. provide only verbal instructions B. use demonstrations and food models C. instruct the Pt's family D. refer to the Pt's to a language class

A. provide only verbal instructions B. use demonstrations and food models (see if you have a translation phone or material in their language is a great tool also*) C. instruct the Pt's family D. refer to the Pt's to a language class (no time for that)

Which enzymes are involved in protein digestion? A. ptyalin, lipase, sucrase B. amylase, lipase, trypsin C. pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase D. trypsin, lipase, amylase

A. ptyalin (amaylase), lipase (fat) sucrase (sucrose) B. amylase (CHO), lipase, trypsin C. pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase* D. trypsin, lipase, amylase

Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme in transamination? A. pyridoxine B. thaimin C. riboflavin D. Vitamin B 12

A. pyridoxine * (B6) B. thaimin (glycolysis) C. riboflavin (glycolysis) D. Vitamin B 12

If protein intake doubled, which nutrient needs to be increased? A. pyridoxine B. folic acid C. Niacin D. Vit C

A. pyridoxine* (B6) B. folic acid C. Niacin (CHO Metabolism) D. Vit C

The main function of glycolysis is A. pyruvate for the TCA cyclce B. lactic acid for energy by muscle C. muscle and liver glycogen D. a substrate for the cori cycle

A. pyruvate for the TCA cyclce (citric acid cycle)*

CHO, Fat, PRO all all converted into A. pyruvic avid B. acetyl CoA C. oxalacetic acid D. ketoglutamic acid

A. pyruvic avid (glycolysis) B. acetyl CoA (= ATP production = Energy) C. oxalacetic acid D. ketoglutamic acid

Acid-base abnormailities in an uncontrolled diabetic are likely due to A. respiratory alkalosis B. metabolic acidosis C. respiratory acidosis D. metabolic alkalosis

A. respiratory alkalosis (lungs) B. metabolic acidosis* (kidneys) C. respiratory acidosis (lungs) D. metabolic alkalosis (kidneys)

What is fluid *seeping from a congealed* product called A. retrogradation B. syneresis C. coagulation D. gelatinization

A. retrogradation (causing starch to go from a liquid to a gel) B. syneresis (extraction of liquid*) C. coagulation (liquid to thick substance) D. gelatinization (thicken)

A *performance objectives* should be based on A. review the literature for the latest research B. Determine what the learner should know or be able to do C. review diet prescriptions and nutrition care plans D. refer to the hospital's standards of care

A. review the literature for the latest research (2) B. Determine what the learner should know or be able to do* (1) C. review diet prescriptions and nutrition care plans (3) D. refer to the hospital's standards of care (4)

Cheilosis, stomatitis, and a magenta tongue are signs of a: A. riboflavin deficiency B. niacin deficiency C. thiamin deficiency D. biotin deficiency

A. riboflavin deficiency

Apples stored in a controlled environment would A. ripen quickly B. last 1-2 yrs C. have extended life and improved marketing quality D. only be used for processed food

A. ripen quickly (opposite) B. last 1-2 yrs (go bad by then) C. have extended life and improved marketing quality (holding apples in a H Nitrogen environment w/ removal of oxygen helps orchards preserve apples longer)* D. only be used for processed food

Food was held at 70F for a long time in *anaerobic conditions.* 8 hrs after eating it you become ill. What is the culprit A. salmonella B. staph C. clostridium perfringens D. campylobater jejuni

A. salmonella (aerobic) B. staph (aerobic) C. clostridium perfringens* (anaerobic) D. campylobater jejuni (aerobic)

a serum Na level of 150 mEq/L indicates: A. sepsis B. dehydration C. hypertension D. hyperglycermia

A. sepsis (sed-rate, WBC, CRP) B. dehydration (NL is 135-145) 150 would mean hypernatremia* C. hypertension (Look at BP level, Na can contribute) D. hyperglycermia (look at BS level)

Phenylalanine is a precursor for: A. serotonin B. catecholamines C. tryptophan D. tyrosine

A. serotonin (tryptophan) B. catecholamines (norepi/epi) C. tryptophan D. tyrosine*

The amino acid tryptophan can be converted into: A. serotonin B. catecholamines C. phenylalanine D. tyrosine

A. serotonin* B. catecholamines (epi/norepi) C. phenylalanine D. tyrosine

ANOVA is used when: A. several products compete against one another B. comparing two similar products C. testing whether results can be generalized to a larger group D. testing whether the difference between two groups is real

A. several products compete against one another

When should *performance objectives* be given to workers? A. several weeks before their evaluation B. they should not be shown to the worker C. the day of evaluation D. the day they are hired*

A. several weeks before their evaluation B. they should not be shown to the worker C. the day of evaluation D. the day they are hired performance objectives-a statement of a specific desired end result or output

Evaporated milk has: A. slightly more than half of the water removed B. added sugar C. a fat content of 3-6% D. lactose removed

A. slightly more than half of the water removed* B. added sugar (less sugar) C. a fat content of 3-6% D. lactose removed (still lactose) Evaporated milk-a processed form of milk that has had some of the liquid removed by evaporation.

Which method of bread making is *not as dependent on the length of time* the dough sits to rise? A. straight dough B. sponge dough method C. Continuous method D. prime bake method

A. straight dough (2-5 hrs) B. sponge dough method (4-5 hours) C. Continuous method* (can cook right away) D. prime bake method

At your *first counseling session* w/ a new pt you should: A. tell him you have to change his diet B. find out what he eats C. give him diet materials D. teach him meal exchanges

A. tell him you have to change his diet B. find out what he eats* 1 C. give him diet materials 2 D. teach him meal exchanges 3 1)Assess!!!!! 2) provide material and solution 3) teach and education

In a study on custards which would be the *dependent variable*? A. the amt of milk and sugar in the recipe B. the cooked custard C. the temperature D. time cooking

A. the amt of milk and sugar in the recipe B. the cooked custard* C. the temperature D. time cooking A,B,D are all independent variables. the custard (dependent) will depend on A, B, D to make sure it come off right

Which result is desirable? B4 After Experimental group: A B Control Group: C D A. the difference between A and B is more significant than the difference between C and D B. the difference between B and D is statistically significant C. the difference between A and C is more significant than the difference between B and D D. the difference between A and D is more significant than the difference between C and B

A. the difference between A and B is more significant than the difference between C and D*

when analyzing correlations, when r=1: A. there is a perfect correlation from one to the other B. there is no correlation among data presented C. the data presented move in opposite directions D. there is a weak correlation among data presented

A. there is a perfect correlation from one to the other*

What should you do w/ leftover sliced beef from lunch A. throw it out B. let the meat cool at room temp and then serve it two days later C. refrigerate immediately and then serve within 2 days D. keep it in the warmer until dinner

A. throw it out B. let the meat cool at room temp and then serve it two days later (never leave out for long period = increased contamination) C. refrigerate immediately and then serve within 2 days* D. keep it in the warmer until dinner (never leave out long periods)

Synergistic's is A. two people working together B. two people working in separate areas C. a person working alone D. a group of people working together to solve a problem

A. two people working together B. two people working in separate areas (together) C. a person working alone D. a group of people working together to solve a problem (brainstorming and building off others ideas is guy to solving issues)* Synergy (done together)

The flakiness of pie crust depends on: A. type of fat B. oxidation of fat C. temperature of fat D. oven temperature

A. type of fat*

Results of a three day food record were obtained in June and again three months later. What is this called? A. validity B. reliability C. sensitivity D. specificty

A. validity (How well a test measures what it is purported to measure.) B. reliability* (accurate, consistent results) (The degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results) C. sensitivity (How good a test is at finding something if it's there. It is a measure of how often the test will correctly identify a positive among all positive by the gold standard test) D. specificty (can be considered as the percentage of times a test will correctly identify a negative result. The fraction of those without disease who will have a negative test result.)

The best way to *prevent the spread* of food-borne illness is to: A. wash hand regularly B. cook all foods thoroughly C. purchase food from trusted vendors D. prepare food shortly before serving

A. wash hand regularly (20 secs)

The end products of *cellular* oxidation are: A. water, carbon dioxide, energy B. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen (protein byproduct) C. indigestible fiber, nitrogen D. monosaccharides, amino acids, energy (Intestinal breakdown of macro's not yet in the cells

A. water, carbon dioxide, energy*

The best way to monitor an infant's failure to thrive is to plot: A. weight for length B. length for age C. weight D. weight for age

A. weight for length

An example of a survey with *negative correlations* is: A. when folic acid intake increases prior to pregnancy, the incidence of neural tube defects declines B. when LDL levels increase, the rate of heart disease increases C. When a person becomes more obese, their LDL levels likely rise D. as the intake of PB and potato chips increases, dental caries increase

A. when folic acid intake *increases* prior to pregnancy, the incidence of neural tube defects declines* B. when LDL levels increase, the rate of heart disease increases C. When a person becomes more obese, their LDL levels likely rise D. as the intake of PB and potato chips increases, dental caries increase B-D are all positive correlations. You do one thing and another thing will occur because of it Negative correlation- A relationship between two variables such that as the value of one variable increases, the other decreases. Positive correlation would be both decrease or both increase*

Which of the following can be reversed with Vitamin A? A. xerophthalmia B. nyctalopia C. wilson's disease D. homocystinuria

A. xerophthalmia (dry eyes) B. nyctalopia (night blindness) * C. wilson's disease (Excessive copper accumulation) D. homocystinuria homocystinuria- A disorder of methionine metabolism, leading to an abnormal accumulation of homocysteine and its metabolites (homocystine, homocysteine-cysteine complex, and others) in blood and urine.

a # 10 can hold how many cups of product? A. 10 B. 13 C. 12 D. 5

B. 13 * http://www.chefs-resources.com/Scoop-DisherSizeshtm http://whatscookingamerica.net/Information/CanSize.htm

A serum Ca level of 11.5 mg/dl will bring on a release of: \A. para hormone from the parathyoid gland B. Calcitonin from the thyroid glands* (High level means more is in the blood so somewhere in your body Ca is being released or lost) C. Ca D. Ca binding protein from the intestine

B. Calcitonin from the thyroid glands* (High level means more is in the blood so somewhere in your body Ca is being released or lost) Ca NL level (9-10.5) Calcitonin- A naturally occurring hormone. It helps regulate calcium levels in your body and is involved in the process of bone building. When taken by shot or nasal spray, it slows the rate of bone thinning. It also relieves pain that occurs when the bones in the spine (vertebrae) break and collapse on top of each other (spinal compression fracture).

What is the best way to cook a roast? A. sear the meat first and roast at 400 F B. Cook slowly in the oven at 325 F C. cook it at 400 for 10 minutes, the at 350 F D. Brown the meat then cook it at 350 F

B. Cook slowly in the oven at 325 F (long and slow)*

The following is an irreversible reaction? A. Pyruvic acid into lactic acid B. Pyruvic acid into acetyl CoA C. glucose-6-phosphate into glycogen D. glucose- 6-phosphate into pyruvate

B. Pyruvic acid into acetyl CoA* (once it's there it's going into the citric acid cycle and can't come back out) http://tinyurl.com/ohwpz7u http://tinyurl.com/qcc7ofp

Which of the following response by a *counselor indicates "reflection"?* A. "yes, you can do that" B. "You said, you want to lose wt?" C. "Explain what you mean by that, please" D. "I can help you"

B. You said, you want to lose wt?"* (The probable reaction to this is because the Pt most likely said I want to exercise, diet and lose wt so the counselor reflects and make sure he/she heard that correctly)

Which of the following will stabilize eggs in a recipe A. base B. acid C. salt D. sugar

B. acid* (lemon juice) *think of meringue on a pie*

The best *advantage* of *self instructional* model are: A. minimize the time spent w/ ea. student B. allow the student to proceed on their own pace C. they take less time than class D. they are best used with large groups

B. allow the *student* to proceed on their own pace (preps the student to be self sufficient) self-instructional model -Pertaining to or constituting learning materials and conditions arranged so that students can proceed to learn on their own with little or no supervision.

In a study of the effects of following a low fat diet on the incidence of breast cancer, women were randomized to follow either their usual dietary pattern, or a low fat diet. The study design is: A. descriptive research B. analytical research C. cross-sectional D. qualitative research

B. analytical research

Which cooking method would best convert *collagen to gelatin* in a bottom round roast? A. Grilling it to medium rare B. braising C. broiling D. searing

B. braising* (melts collagen down to gelatin)

A serum calcium level of 11.5mg/dL will bring on a release of: A. parathormone from the parathyroid gland B. calcitonin from the thyroid gland C. calcium D. calcium-binding protein from the intestines

B. calcitonin from the thyroid gland Calcitonin is involved in helping to regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood, opposing the action of parathyroid hormone.

Which pigment can be converted into a vitamin A. chlorophyll B. carotenoids C. anthocyanin D. anthoxanthins

B. carotenoids* can convert to Vit A (orange foods, pumpkin, squash, sweet potatoes)

Which minerals are in involved in carbohydrate metabolism? A. cobalt, zinc B. chromium, zinc C. copper chromium D. iron, zinc

B. chromium, zinc * http://tinyurl.com/qagq59a

Winterized oil is: A. cloudy when refrigerated B. clear when refrigerated C. cloudy when store for long periods D. clear only if kept at room temp

B. clear when refrigerated* Winterized Oil- A process of removing of the higher melting point parts from oil like waxes or triglycerides by slowly cooling vegetable oils and felling saturated glycerides from the solvent. Used primarily for oils in salad dressings.

Following counseling, a client is *able to plan a low Na diet*. The learning domain is? A. affective B. cognitive C. psychomotor D. psychoscial

B. cognitive* (Pt took in the information and applying it)

Kidneys help control pH by: A. excreting Na and Ca B. controlling the ratio of hydrogen ions to bicarbonate excretion C. excreting carbon dioxide and carbonic acid D. excreting NADPH

B. controlling the ratio of hydrogen ions to bicarb excretion* (keep pH balanced or at homeostasis is key)

What must be fortified with folic acid? A. skim milk B. cornmeal C. orange juice D. canned vegetables

B. cornmeal (processing of grains can remove key vitamins)

Adding bran to a bread recipe will: A. increase the volume B. decrease volume C. require an increase in oven temp D. require a decrease in oven temp

B. decrease volume* (Less endosperm (CHO part of Grain), less gluten = decreased ability to trap gas for rising of dough = decreased volume

Implementing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative begins with: A. advertising the initiative to members of the community B. developing the plan C. conducting in-service training for all disciplines involved D. recruit social service agencies to assist in informing the public.

B. developing the plan

Where would this be placed in a research article "most of the changes seen were probably due to" A. Introduction B. discussion C. results D. summary

B. discussion*

Which of the following inhibits gluconeogenesis A. glycogen B. insulin C. catecholamines D. glucocorticoids

B. insulin* (it's uptaking and storing nutrients, no need to convet FA's or AA's into glucose)

A new mother may hesitate to become involved in a breast-feeding informational program due to: A client's failure is to become involved in a *breast-feeding* program may be due to: A. lack of funds B. lack of social support C. lack of knowledge about benefits D. lack of medical care

B. lack of social support (lack of family and friends support. Used to be looked down upon but has gotten better and encouraged by all hospitals due to benefits)

patients with early signs of xerophthalmia should consume: A. chicken, fish, summer squash B. liver, milk, eggs C. oatmeal, almonds, berries D. high fiber cereals, salad greens

B. liver, milk, eggs Sources of vitamin A (fat soluble): yellow, orange fruits, dark leafy greens, vegetables, cantaloupe, fish, liver, carrots, fortified skim milk, apricots, sweet potato. xerophthalmia - abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, with inflammation and ridge formation, typically associated with vitamin A deficiency.

Compare to whole milk, breast milk is: A. higher in protein and fat, lower in carbohydrate B. lower in protein, higher in carbohydrate and fat C. lower in protein, carbohydrate and fat D. has the same nutrient composition

B. lower in protein, higher in carbohydrate and fat

Replacing carbohydrate with fat in the diet will: A. raises the respiratory quotient B. lower the respiratory quotient C. increases the respiratory rate D. spares protein

B. lower the respiratory quotient

Children's diet are found to be low in iron due to emphasis on A. vegetables B. milk C. fruits D. cereals (fortified Fe)

B. milk (Ca, Vit D, Zinc)*

In the quasi-experimental design "time series", there is: A. a series of control groups B. no control group C. an experimental and a control group D. a placebo group

B. no control group

An appropriate purpose of analytical research is to __________ A. investigate the..... B. test the hypothesis C. formulate a hypothesis D. distinguish between

B. test the hypothesis* analytical research - Designed to reach causal inferences about hypothesized relationships between risk factors and outcome. Analytical studies identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, identify causes and determine whether an association exists between variables, such as between an exposure and a disease. Statistical procedures are used to determine if a relationship is likely to have occurred by chance alone. Analytical studies usually compare two or more groups or sets of data.

In interpreting correlation data, if the r value is greater than 1: A. the relationship is strong B. the results is not valid C. the relationship is weak D. it is within 1 standard deviation

B. the results is not valid. But be between -1 to 1

Increased plasma pyruvate is an indication of a: A. riboflavin deficiency B. thiamin deficiency C. pyridoxine deficiency D. iron deficiency

B. thiamin deficiency

Which hormone greatly influence the BMR (basal metabolic rate) A. the endocrine system B. thyroxine\ C. GH D. insulin

B. thyroxine* (thyroid hormones) BMR- The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going, such as breathing and keeping warm.

Which amino acids must be present in a parental solution? A. valine, lecucine, glycine, alanine B. tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, isoleucine* (all essential AA's) C. phenylalanine, methionine, arginine, tryosine D. lysine, glutamic acid, alanine, glycine

B. tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, isoleucine (all essential AA's)*

When teaching a *non-English* speaking Pt about serving sizes: A. Show pictures of proper serving sizes B. use food models to allow choice of recommend serving sizes C. show slides of various foods and their serving sizes D. show a videotape of serving

B. use food models to allow choice of recommend serving sizes* (or again find a translator phone or education material in their language*)

When substituting butter for lard in pastry A. use the same amt B. use less C. use more D. use less and decrease the water content

B. use less* butter - 80% and lard 100% fat

What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy for a women with a BMI of 28? A. 25-35 lbs B. 28-40 lbs C. 15-25 lbs D. 11-20 lbs

C. 15-25 lbs 25-35lbs Normal wt female BMI 18.5-24.9 28-40lbs Underwt female BMI <18.5 15-25lbs Overwt female BMI 29.9-24.9 11-20lbs Obese BMI >30

What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy for a women with a BMI of 28? A. 25-35 lbs B. 28-40 lbs C. 15-25 lbs D. 11-20 lbs

C. 15-25 lbs 25-35lbs Normal wt female BMI 18.5-24.9 28-40lbs Underwt female BMI <18.5 15-25lbs Overwt female BMI 35-24.9 11-20lbs Obese BMI >30

Food service employees should wash their hands for at least A. 30 secs B. 25 secs C. 20 secs D. 15 secs

C. 20 secs * (about that time it takes to sing happy b-day)

What *reading level* is appropriate for *education material* for the general population A. 4th grade B. 5th grade C. 8th grade D. 10th grade

C. 8th grade*

the absence of reinforcement following an undesirable behavior: A. positive reinforcement B. punishment C. extinction D. avoidance

C. extinction Extinction- reduce undesired behavior, ignore, if extinction is repeated, behavior will disappear. Positive reinforcement - encourages repetition of a given behavior. Avoidance learning- learn to escape from unpleasant consequences, avoid future criticism.

Ketones are most associated with? A. complex carbs B. simple sugars C. fats D. amino acids

C. fats*

The best laboratory value to use in *assessing iron status* is A. hemoglobin B. hematocrit C. ferritin (stored iron) D. serum iron (measure amt of iron in the blood)

C. ferritin* (stored iron) A and B look for Fe Def and anemia indicator* https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/iron/tab/test/

You are explaining to a new client how making a few changes in his food choices will benefit his overall health. The learning domain is: A. psychomotor B. cognitive C. affective D. human

C. affective

During motivational interviewing, the question "Do you think you can try this" is: A. an affirmation B. a reflection C. an open-ended question D. an exploration

C. an open-ended question ?

glucocorticoids are: A. thyroid hormones B. pituitary hormones C. andrenal hormones D. parathyroid hormones

C. andrenal hormones* glucocorticoids - A class of steroid hormones that are synthesized by the adrenal cortex of vertebrates and have anti-inflammatory activity.

cross- sectional studies: A. describe past events and conditions B. are useful in predicting future-events C. are a snap-shot look at one point in time D. measure before and after an intervention occurs

C. are a snap-shot look at one point in time

A client *refuses to follow the diet* after you have explained the plan and its rationale. You should then: A. reinforce the rationale and benefits of the diet B. review the dangers of non-compliance C. ask what changes he is willing to make D. restate what the client needs to do to meet the goals of the diet

C. ask what changes he is willing to make* (always work to see what small goals or steps they can make and build off of that)

Which of the following is true regarding flour? A. all-purpose flour is made from soft wheat B. all-purpose flour has more protein than bread flour C. cake flour has the least and the weakest gluten D. cake flour has less starch than bread flour

C. cake flour has the least and the weakest gluten* A. all-purpose flour is made from soft wheat B. all-purpose flour has more protein than bread flour (False has less PRO) C. cake flour has the least and the weakest gluten D. cake flour has less starch than bread flour (more starch)

A 5 month old infant has changed from the 65th to the 95th percentile weight for height. The Dietitian should first: A. suggest the infant receives more solid foods B. change the feeding formula C. check to see if the weights have been plotted properly D. increase the amount of formula provided

C. check to see if the weights have been plotted properly

Dietary fat enters the blood as _____ and leave the liver as _____ A. phopholipids, chylomicrons B. chylomicrons, phospholipids C. chylomicrons, lipoproteins D. lipoproteins, chylomicrons

C. chylomicrons, lipoproteins* phopholipids-They serve as a major structural component of most biological membranes. They form the lipid bilayer in cell membranes of organisms. lipoproteins- a group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood plasma. chylomicrons- a droplet of fat present in the blood or lymph after absorption from the small intestine.

when a-linolenic acid is substituted for saturated fatty acids in the diet, the results will be: A. increased HDL, reduce LDL B. decreased triglycerides, lower total cholesterol C. decreased triglycerides, little change in total cholesterol D. lower HDL, increased LDL

C. decreased triglycerides, little change in total cholesterol a-linolenic - essential omega-3 fatty acid

If you are comparing the prevalence of heart disease in two states, the study design is: A. analytical research B. case control research C. descriptive research D. quasi-experimental

C. descriptive research Descriptive research- is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred.

When providing nutrition *education* to a *pregnant teen*, which characteristic of adolescents should be kept in mind? A. interested in planning for the future B. responds more to emotional stimuli C. desire to be like their peers D. has well defined self image

C. desire to be like their peers* (increased seclusion, ridicule and mocking occurs between teens

What is the process by which water content of a *vegetable* is replaced by a concentrated *salt solution? A. gelling B. Osmosis (high to low concentration. ex water outside surface coming inside to the fruit) C. diffusion (your pushing out water and forcing in Na) D. retrogradation (gelatininzing, holding together)

C. diffusion (your pushing out water and forcing in Na) *

What gives the structure to *quick breads*? A. flour and milk B. flour and water C. egg and flour D. egg

C. egg and flour* Quick breads - Bread made with a leavening agent (as baking powder or baking soda) that permits immediate baking of the dough or batter mixture

In *metabolic acidosis (kidneys, H hydrogen)*, which of the following is involved? A. excretion of K B. excess Ca retention C. excretion of Na Bicarb D. excess Ca loss

C. excretion of Na Bicarb (acidosis bicarb excreted and hydrogen levels increase*)

In metabolic acidosis, which of the following is involved? A. excretion of potassium B. excess calcium retention C. excretion of sodium bicarbonate D. excess calcium loss

C. excretion of sodium bicarbonate

Carbohydrates listed in order of decreasing sweetness are: A. fructose, glucose, sucrose, sorbitol B. sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol C. fructose, sucrose, glucose, sorbitol D. sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, glucose

C. fructose, sucrose, glucose, sorbitol *

In the *fed state* the brain uses which nutrient as a source of energy? A. fatty acid (fast) B. lactic acid (byproduct of exercise) C. glucose (readily available post eating) D. ketone bodies (starvation)

C. glucose (readily available post eating)* Fed state - up to 4 hoursafter a meal Fast state - After 4 hours post eating Starving - 3 days or more w/o eating

To determine whether your client has applied your suggestions on decreasing his fat intake, ask him to: A. name a few foods that should be consumed infrequently B. name four foods to avoid C. list the foods he has consumed over the past three days D. select an appropriate breakfast from the menu

C. list the foods he has consumed over the past three days

Ground meat will spoil faster than slice meat because? A. it has more enzyme activity B. it has more fat C. more surface area exposed D. it has less fat

C. more surface area exposed (increased bacteria contamination)*

You are asked to give an *in-service* to be the staff. What should you *do first*? A. ask them what they want to learn B. read up on subject C. observe the staff at work to identify problems D. see what other hospitals are teaching

C. observe the staff at work to identify problems* 1 (helps you see for yourself what needs to be addressed)

Iron absorption is enhanced by: A. acidic chyme in the duodenum B. the alkalinity of the duodenum C. oxalates and phytates D. the absence of ascorbic acid

C. oxalates and phytates*

When developing *educational plans*, when do you plan the evaluation criteria A. when all else is completed B. do it before you plan anything C. plan evaluation criteria at ea. step in the process D. plan it just before you offer the program

C. plan evaluation criteria at ea. step in the process* steps for educational planning- https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/programplanning/program-planning-resources/tenstepsguidelines.pdf

An example of *formative evaluation* is: A. IQ test B. RD exam C. pretest quiz D. comparative evaluation

C. pretest quiz* (so what they know before teaching educating, helps you focus on what they don't know) Formative evaluation - To monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning.

Prior to conducting a healthy eating class to local residents, assess thei: A. medical histories B. physical activity levels C. readiness to make life-style changes D. occupations and lifestyle

C. readiness to make life-style changes

You are hired to *teach* a course of heart-healthy eating to factory workers who will be a *paid to attend*. You should assess participant's *literacy levels* and: A. medical and family histories B. physical activities and life-style C. readiness to make life-style changes D. occupational status in the organization

C. readiness to make life-style changes* (if they're not ready or making strides to then anything else you try to make them change, they probably won't)

Which would provide the best source of omega-3 acids? A. walnuts and flaxseed B. tuna, cod C. sardines, herring, mackerel D. canola oil

C. sardines, herring, mackerel

which data is needed to convert weight into volume? A. mass B. temp C. specific gravity D. pH

C. specific gravity* (D=M/V)

Which foods should be *washed* just before serving? A. plums and grapes B. peaches and carrots C. strawberries and mushrooms D. apples and celery

C. strawberries and mushrooms (have dirt on them or permeable membranes)*

Which recipe ingredient should be adjusted if a cake has a *crunchy crust* and a *compact moist texture* A. milk B. flour C. sugar D. baking powder

C. sugar * mallard reaction/browning

Why do *egg whites* beat more easily at room temperature? A. pH is decreased B. protein is denatured (done when heated to high temps) C. surface tension is lower D. surface tension is higher

C. surface tension is lower*

The sensitivity of a screening tool evaluates: A. the proportion of non-afflicted individuals identified as non-afflicted B. the consistency or reproducibility of test results C. the proportion of afflicted individuals who tested positive D. the amount of variation that occurs randomly within the population

C. the proportion of afflicted individuals who tested positive

When you check the *overrun* you are checking: A. excess stock in the storeroom B. surplus soap and rinse aids in the dish machine C. the weight of ice cream D. total cost of unexpected meals served

C. the weight of ice cream* Overrun- The amount of air pushed into the ice cream while it is being made. The standard of 50% overrun means that the ice cream is made with one part air to every two parts cream.

The following are required for the *conversion of pyruvic* into active acetate? A. thaimin, NAD, oxaloacetic acid, magnesium B. oxygen, panthothenic acid, Vitamin E C. thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, magnesium D. pantothenic acid, oxaloacetate, citric acid

C. thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, magnesium*

A cake with a fallen center may be the result of A. too little fat (crust flakiness) B. too little sugar C. too much sugar and fat D. too little baking powder

C. too much sugar and fat*

Considering the following *smoke points* of various fats, which would be the best to use *frying*? A. 300F B. 325F C. 375F D 400F

D 400F*

Salmonella sources often: A. Reheated foods B. starchy foods and mixtures like casseroles C. cooled slowly and reheated foods D. raw produce and uncooked foods of animal origin

D. *raw* produce and uncooked foods of animal origin* (found a lot in chicken)

Which of the following *substitutions will most decrease the Na content of a biscuit. 1) low Na milk for whole Milk 2) egg sub for real eggs 3) low Na baking powder for baking powder A. 1 B. 1 and 2 C. all the above D. 1 and 3

D. 1 and 3* * foods H in Na (breads, preserved, smoked, dried, butter)

Which would you give to a person who is mildly hypokalemic? A. 1 C of blueberries B. 1 C of cranberries C. 1/2 C of apple sauce D. 1 piece of cantaloupe

D. 1 piece of cantaloupe Cantaloupe - Good source of potassium (K) Fruits with 200mg or > of K - pears, banana's, cantaloupe, OJ, Raisins, papaya, mango Hypokalemic - low K levels

The formula for producing the active form of Vit D is: A. Vit D 3 converts to 7-dehydrocholesterol B. ergosterol converting into calciferol C. cholesterol converting calciferol D. 7-dehydrocholesterol (D2) converting into cholecalciferol (D3)

D. 7-dehydrocholesterol (D2) converting into cholecalciferol (D3)* D2 ==> D3

What is included in the study of demographics? I. age of individuals II. population statistics III. sex of individuals IV. socioeconomic factors a. I only b. all of the above c. II, III d. I, II, III

D. Age of individuals, population statistics, sex

Individual training of a new employee is sometimes *delegated to an experienced employee*. A disadvantage of this method is that it: A. is costly and time-consuming B. Difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the training C. Causes dissension among other employees D. Results in inconsistent training and may perpetuate poor work habits

D. Results in inconsistent training and may perpetuate poor work habits* (delegating may not mean that employee will train the new employee properly)

An amino acid that cant be produced by the body is? A. alanine B. glycine C. tyrosine D. Tryptophan

D. Tryptophan* *key, it must be nonessential then!* Essentials AA you need from the diet 8 Essential AA's- valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionin, tryptophan, phenylalanin, lysine, threonine

The two most abundant minerals in the body are: A. zinc and chromium B. calcium and zinc C. iron and calcium D. calcium and phosphorus

D. calcium and phosphorus

glucocorticoids: A. convert glucose into protein B. convert FA's into glucose C. convert glucose into fat D. convert protein into glucose

D. convert protein into glucose*

The greatest effect on the yield of meat cooked to a uniform internal temperature is produced by the: A. type of oven and source of heat B. wt of meat and the oven load C. degree of tempering and the grade of meat D. cooking time and oven temp

D. cooking time and oven temp*

Which of the following would be most productive when conducting a workshop for teenage mothers about proper portion sizes for feeding toddlers? A. role-playing B. lecture C. discussion D. demonstration

D. demonstration

You are preparing a workshop about proper preparation of infant formula for 10 women. Which of the following methods is most appropriate? A. role-playing B. lecture C. discussion D. demonstration

D. demonstration* (gold standard to educate people!)

Vitamin A is involved in: A. growth and development B. Blood clotting C. growth of bones and teeth D. development of tissues and skin

D. development of tissues and skin*

When planning a program for *rural elderly*, which is the most important A. the # of participants B. what you will serve C. where it will be held D. how they will get to you

D. how they will get to you* (may not have a car, weather, handicapped, doesn't leave their home, injured)

When adding *bran* to a flour mixture, what should be changed? A. baking temp B. increase fat and liquid C. increase oxidixing agents D. increase flour and liquid

D. increase flour and liquid* More bran =thicker batter = more liquid needed

To estimate REE in normal weight and obese individuals, use: A. Harrison Benedict B. Mifflin St. Jeor C. BMR D. indirect calorimetry

D. indirect calorimetry

Pale conjunctivae is associated with a deficiency of: A. vitamin C B. vitamin d C. zinc D. iron

D. iron Pale Conjunctiva(eye) pale skin = some kind of blood or Fe issue.

Which of the following represents cow's milk? A. it creates a low renal solute load B. high in iron, low in vitamin C C. low in phosphorus, low in iron D. it creates a high renal solute load

D. it creates a high renal solute load

What does the term "USDA graded" on meat tell the consumer? A. It assures wholesomeness B. it was free of disease at the time of slaughter C. the meat is fit for human consumption D. it defines quality

D. it defines quality*

Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, pellagra are signs of a: A. riboglavin deficiency B. thiamin deficiency C. pyridoxine deficiency D. niacin deficiency

D. niacin deficiency Pellagra - is a disease characterised by diarrhoea, dermatitis and dementia. If left untreated, death is the usual outcome. It occurs as a result of niacin (vitamin B-3) deficiency. Niacin is required for most cellular processes.

*Active listening* in counseling sessions involves: A. probing into specific areas of behavior B. empathizing C. selective perception D. paraphrasing and responding

D. paraphrasing and responding* (reiterating back what the client said to make sure your on the same page from what they said)

The lecture: A. increases teacher-student involvement B. is student-oriented C. reinforces material presented D. provides the most material covered in a short time

D. provides the most material covered in a short time*

Which of the following is an *achievable outcome* for a community wt control program A. promote desirable BW among young adults B. increase 25% the # of physicians who refer Pr's for wt-management counseling C. screen and refer for treatment w/in 2 yrs those whose body wt is >10% desirable D. reduce by 10% the number of obese adults, ages 25-49 yrs, w/in 2 yrs of starting the program

D. reduce by 10% the number of obese adults, ages 25-49 yrs, w/in 2 yrs of starting the program*

A patient relates a story to the RD. The RD says: "this has happened to me too", this is: A. reflection B. clarification C. attribution D. self-disclosure

D. self-disclosure* (opening up about a personal experience)

When should an explanation of how a worker will be evaluated be given to them? A. one month prior to their evaluation B. they should not be shown to the worker C. the day of the evaluation before you meet with them D. the day they are hired

D. the day they are hired

When a white sauce tastes starchy and grainy, the likely cause it: A. too much starch B. improper proportions of ingredients C. starch was added before the fat melted D. uncooked flour

D. uncooked flour*

The amount of ceouroplasmin (copper w/ PRO) is affected by what disease* A. addison's disease B. pheochromocytoma C. cushings syndrome D. wilson's disease

D. wilson's disease* ceouroplasmin (copper w/ PRO addison's disease - a disease characterized by progressive anemia, low blood pressure, great weakness, and bronze discoloration of the skin. It is caused by inadequate secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex (kidney). pheochromocytoma - a small vascular tumor of the adrenal (kidney) medulla, causing irregular secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, leading to attacks of raised blood pressure, palpitations, and headache. cushings syndrome - A metabolic disorder caused by overproduction of corticosteroid hormones by the adrenal cortex and often involving obesity and high blood pressure. wilson's disease - An inherited disorder that causes too much copper to accumulate in the organs.

The FDA: I. inspects meat, poultry, fish, eggs II. inspects factories III. enforces the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act IV. monitors interstate shipping of shellfish a. I, II, III b. III, IV c. II, III, IV d. I, III

Inspects factories, Enforces the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and Monitors interstate shipping of shellfish C. II, III, IV

The proper portion size of a dessert item is 1/3 cup. Which scoop should you use? a. #12 b. #8 c. #16 d. #10

a. #12 8oz= 1 cup - 8/3 = 2.667 32/12= 2.667

Find the cost per meal if you serve 120,000 meals, spend $46000 in food purchases and $1250 worth of food was removed from the inventory. a. $.39 b. $.42 c. $.37 d. $.43

a. $.39 Procedure: Total food cost/Total # meals per served = Food Cost per meal * $46,000 (food purchased)+ $1250(food in inventory cost) = $47,250 (Total food cost) Then, $47,250 (total food cost)/120,000 (meals served) = $0.39 WORD: removed so ADD

Using the following information, determine the selling price of the meal used to determine the break-even point. Fix cost $100, Variable cost per meal $5, Break-even point 20 meals a. $10 b. $15 c. $5 d. $2.50

a. $10 Formula: BE = FC (fixed cost)/ SP (selling price)- VC (variable cost) Work: 20 (BE) = $100 (FC)/ ? (SP) - $5 (VC) $100/20 = $5 $5 + Variable cost ($5) = $10

A recipe requires 1.5 pt of cleaned, sliced strawberries. The yield for strawberries is 91%. One cup of clean, sliced strawberries weights 7 oz. At a minimum, how many pounds of strawberries need to be ordered? a. 1 1/2 b. 1 c. 1 1/4 d. 2

a. 1 1/2 Work: 1.5 pints = 3 cups = 3 x 70z = 21 oz. raw x 91/100 = 21 raw = 23.07 oz/16 =

A diabetic wants to exchange his bedtime snack of 8 ounces whole milk. What do you suggest? a. 1 oz. cheese and 1/2 cup orange juice b. 2 graham crackers and 1/2 cup orange juice c. 1 ounce cheese d. 2 ounces cheese

a. 1 oz. cheese and 1/2 cup orange juice

You are planning the budget for next year. Labor cost will increase by 10%. Food cost will increase by 5%. Operating costs will increase by 2%. This years, sales totaled $1,000,000. Labor costs were 40% of income, food costs was 40%, and operating cost were 20% of income. What is the projected budget? a. 1,064,000 b. 1,640,000 c. 1,840,000 d. 1,170,000

a. 1,064,000 Work: Total yr sales: 1,000, 000 Labor: .40 x 1,000,000 = 400,000 (last yr) x .10 = 40,000 Food: .40 x 1, 000,000 = 400,000 (last yr) x .05 = 20,000 Operating: .20 x 1,000,000 =$200,000(last yr) x .02 = 4,000 Total: (40,000 + 20,000 + 4,000) + 1,000,000 (last yrs) = 1,064,000

Which of the following is equivalent to a lean protein exchange? a. 1/4 cup low fat cottage cheese b. 2 T. grated Parmesan cheese c. 1 ounce mozzarella cheese d. 1 ounce Swiss cheese

a. 1/4 cup low fat cottage cheese

What would be the next number on this list with a moving average of 5? 1400, 1200, 1300, 1250, 1350, 1400,1425 a. 1345 b. 1275 c. 1434 d. 1405

a. 1345 Work: 1300 + 1250 + 1350 + 1400 + 1425 = 6725 6725/5 = 1345

A 7 year old on a ketogenic diet requires 1500 calories. Which is the appropriate order? a. 145 g fat, 25 g protein, 25 g carbohydrate b. 95 g fat, 40 g protein, 25 g carbohydrate c. 102 g fat, 56 g protein, 12 g carbohydrate d. 75 g fat, 32 g protein, 43 g carbohydrate

a. 145 g fat, 25 g protein, 25 g carbohydrate 4:1 Fat:CHO ratio or PRO

If implementing a program costs $3 for each patient and the return is $6 per patient, the cost/benefit ration is: a. 1:2 b. 2:1 c. 1:1 d. 3:1

a. 1:2

According to the Food Lists for Diabetes Exchanges, 2 T peanut butter is equivalent to: a. 2 high fat proteins b. 1 high fat protein c. 2 fats d. 1 high fat protein plus 2 fats

a. 2 high fat proteins

A patient weighing 104 KG is placed on a 1.5 cal/ml formula with 75% free water, 54 grams protein/L. He needs 3000 calories per day. How much formula should he receive daily to meet his needs? a. 2000 ml b. 3000 ml c. 2275 ml d. 2575 ml

a. 2000 ml 3000/1.5 = 2000

What is the food cost percentage if the cost of food is $325 and the income is $865? a. 38% b. 36% c. 34% d. 32%

a. 38% Daily food cost/Daily income = Food cost percentage or food cost report * $325/$865 = 0.375 x 100 = 37.5% (round up)

According to the diabetic exchange lists, which of the following is equivalent to one medium fat protein? a. 4 ounces tofu b. 2 ounces pork c. 2 eggs d. 2 T. peanut butter

a. 4 ounces tofu

If a diabetic patient reduces his calorie intake from 2300 to 1800 calories per day, how much will he lose in one month? a. 4 pounds b. 6 pounds c. 2 pounds d. 8 pounds

a. 4 pounds

The cafeteria serves lunch form 11AM-2:30PM with a seat turnover rate of 1.5/hr. They need to seat 250 customers. How many chairs do they need? a. 48 b. 56 c. 72 d. 125

a. 48 11AM-2:30PM = 3.5hrs total 3.5hrs x 1.5/hr (turnover) = 5.25 250 customers/5.25 = 47.6 or ~48 chairs

How many calories are in 300 ml of a 5% dextrose solution? a. 51 b. 60 c. 15 d. 200

a. 51 300mlx.05 = 15x3.4= 51kcal Dextose: 3.4kcal

When estimating the desirable body weight of a patient who has a below the knee amputation of his right leg, decrease the estimate by: a. 6% b. 8% c. 12% d. 16%

a. 6%

Which level of HgA1c suggests good compliance with dietary recommendations in a diabetic? a. 6.8 mg/dl b. 3.0 mg/dl c. 8.8 mg/dl d. 9.2 mg/dl

a. 6.8 mg/dl Goal <7%

Children and adolescents need what level of physical activity? a. 60 minutes every day b. 30 minutes every day c. 60 minutes at least three days each week d. 90 minutes at least three days each week

a. 60 minutes every day

The minimum recommended temp for a chemical sanitizer is: a. 75'F b. 140'F c. 100'F d. 170'F

a. 75'F most state and local codes require immersion in chemical solutions for at least 60 secs using water above 75F

Using the above formula, determine the protein intake per day in grams. 300 ml 60% dextrose; 500 ml 10% amino acids; 200 ml 20% lipid; Total nutrient mixture administered at 65 ml/hour for 24 hours a. 78 b. 80 c. 84 d. 86

a. 78 500 x .10 = 50g x 1.56 = 78g

A female, 5'7" tall, weighs 115 pounds. Six months ago she weighed 130 lbs. What is her percent of ideal body weight? a. 85% b. 83% c. 81% d. 87%

a. 85% IBW: 100lbs for first 5ft (60 in) + 5lb for each add in. = 5'7" = 100lbs + (5*7) = 135lbs 115/135 = 85%

Which supplements are recommended with cirrhosis? a. B complex, calcium, zinc, magnesium b. fat-soluble vitamins and zinc c. water-soluble vitamins and magnesium d. chromium, zinc, riboflavin, thiamin

a. B complex, calcium, zinc, magnesium Cirrhosis (LIVER DISEASE)- damaged liver tissue is replaced by bands of connective tissue, divides liver into clumps and reroutes veins/capillaries. B complex vitamins, vit C, K, Zn, Mg; monitor need for A and D. Zinc involved in conversion of ammonia to urea, increased loss in urine.

Which program supports public and non-profit food service programs for homeless shelters? a. CACFP b. SFSP c. SNAP d. CSFP

a. CACFP CACFP Child and Adult Care Food Program- Supports public/non-profit food service program for family day care centers, shelters, low income house, adult day care centers. Reimburses operators for meal costs, provides commodity foods and nutrition ED materials. Meals must meet guidelines; offer free/reduced price to eligible. By USDA, eligibility same as NSLP

Which guideline is used in planning meals for healthy people? a. EAR b. UL c. AI d. DRI

a. EAR EAR Estimated average requirement for 50% of population, group nutritional adequacy.

A poor, healthy 19 year old mother is unsure how to feed her 4 year old child. Which program may offer her the most help? a. EFNEP b. WIC c. HHS d. CACFP

a. EFNEP EFNEP Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program- provides GRANTS to universities that assists in community development, trains nutrition aides to ED public. Improves food practices of low income homemakers with young children. Works with small groups; teaches skills needed to obtain a healthy diet (budget, meal planning, shop, cook). By USDA. (extension federally ran program).

Where can a pregnant teen learn to cook? a. EFNEP b. Child Nutrition Services c. UNICEF d. WIC

a. EFNEP EFNEP Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program- provides GRANTS to universities that assists in community development, trains nutrition aides to ED public. Improves food practices of low income homemakers with young children. Works with small groups; teaches skills needed to obtain a healthy diet (budget, meal planning, shop, cook). By USDA. (extension federally ran program).

Which program provides food to needy individuals and families? a. Food Banks b. SNAP c. CACFP d. WIC

a. Food Banks SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program- LARGEST FOOD ASSITANCE program; ENTITLEMENT. Low income with monthly benefits, net income must be at or below certain % of poverty level; income limits vary by household size, and are adj to the cost of living. Designed to increase their purchasing power; not for non-food items. Figures are adj to reflect cost of food in Thrifty Food Plan for June of preceding year - LEAST costly of USDA four food plans. SNAP nutrition ED program: provided to program participants. By USDA CACFP Child and Adult Care Food Program- Supports public/non-profit food service program for family day care centers, shelters, low income house, adult day care centers. Reimburses operators for meal costs, provides commodity foods and nutrition ED materials. Meals must meet guidelines; offer free/reduced price to eligible. By USDA, eligibility same as NSLP

Responsibility, recognition by management, and participation in decision-making are all considered true motivators by: a. Herzberg b. Taylor c. Maslow d. Likert

a. Herzberg HERZBERG'S TWO-FACTOR THEORY: motivation and maintenance approach. 1.maintenance (hygiene) factors (satisfiers, dissatisfiers) -if present and perceived as good- satisfiers -if lacking or perceived as negative- dissatisfiers will interfere with work. -DO NOT PRODUCE MOTIVATION but can prevent motivation from occurring. - fair wage, insurance, retirement benefits, supervision, schedule, working conditions, interpersonal relationship on the job. 2.motivators- call forth energy and enthusiasm; job enrichment.

Which of the following should be included in the diet for celiac disease? I. decrease intake of eggs II. use potato and rice flour III. IM vitamin B12 and iron IV. low calorie, high fat, high protein a. II, III b. III, IV c. I, II, IV d. II, IV

a. II, III II. use potato and rice flour III. IM vit. B12 and iron

What medication is affected by serum sodium levels? a. Lithium carbonate b. Mellaril c. Valproate d. Tetracycline

a. Lithium carbonate Lithium+Na are absorbed at the same sight in the kidney. Increased appetite, wt gain, maintain consistent sodium and caffeine intake to stabilize levels. If sodium or caffeine are restricted, lithium excretion decreases, leading to toxicity.

Which formula is high in protein, low in potassium and phosphorus? a. Nepro b. Osmolite c. Sustacal d. Jevity

a. Nepro For renal pt.

A program that links sources of unused, cooked and fresh foods with social service agencies that serve the hungry is the: a. PPFP b. USDA c. CACFP d. TEFAP

a. PPFP PPFPs- Prepared and perishable food programs- nonprofit programs that link sources of unused, cooked, and fresh foods with social service agencies. Food insecurity- emergency food recipients. All ages, ethnicities, locations. Working poor

Who is most at risk from protein calorie malnutrition? a. a cancer patient on chemotherapy b. a patient with gastric ulcers c. a patient with Crohn's disease d. a patient with megaloblastic anemia

a. a cancer patient on chemotherapy

Which stage of change is represented by this comment: "I served the vegetable dish to my family and surprisingly we all enjoyed it." a. action b. preparation c. maintenance d. contemplation

a. action -pre-contemplating- unaware or not interested in making a change "I did notknow salt had any effect on my blood pressure". -contemplating- thinking about making a change "I was looking at the salt content of foods I have a home" -preparation- decides to change and plans the change "I bought a cookbook on low salt cooking" -action- tries to make the change "I removed the salt shaker from the kitchen table" -maintenance- sustains the change for 6 months or longer "I found a website that helps me plan family low sodium meals'

A Food Service Director uses a 4 month moveable average to determine how many chicken breasts are needed for August given the number served in April, May, June and July. How would they forecast the need for September? a. add August and delete April b. add August c. add August and delete July d. look at last year's September production tally

a. add August and delete April

The immobilized state can lead to low levels of: a. albumin and calcium b. albumin and sodium c. calcium potassium d. potassium and zinc

a. albumin and calcium

Which would be a sentinel event? a. an NPO pt receiving a regular tray b. a low Na pt receiving a regular tray c. a wt reduction pt receiving a regular tray d. a high potassium pt receiving a regular tray

a. an NPO pt receiving a regular tray Sentinel event - is a serious event that requires further investigation each time is occur; undesirable but avoidable events ex. 0% food poising, dish machine area floor is dry 100% -- if one were to happen or not happen- it would be a sentinel event

The Family and Medical Leave Act guarantees: a. an equivalent position with equal benefits and pay status b. the same position you held before you left c. the first open position after you return d. a similar position in a different division

a. an equivalent position with equal benefits and pay status

The full function of the GI tract is utilized with which type of nutrition support? a. an isotonic, polymeric formula delivered by a nasogastric tube b. a BCAA formula delivered by a nasogastric tube c. peripheral parenteral nutrition d. parenteral nutrition

a. an isotonic, polymeric formula delivered by a nasogastric tube

A man with HIV diseases presents with the following data. What should be your primary concern as his Dietitian? Height 5'10" Weight 115 lbs Hematocrit 35% MCV 102 fl BUN 11 mg/dl Serum albumin 2.8 g/dl CD4 280 Total lymphocytes 1200/cubic mm a. anemia b. weight c. renal failure d. protein deficiency

a. anemia

A food delivery arrived during trayline service. What should the Dietitian do? a. ask the driver to wait b. ask the driver to verify the shipment and sign the invoice c. direct the available security guard to verify the shipment d. stop the trayline service and receive the delivery

a. ask the driver to wait

A patient on warfarin should avoid: a. black cohosh, ginseng b. thiamin supplements c. simple carbohydrates d. B vitamin supplements

a. black cohosh, ginseng

Following an ileal resection, which supplements are recommended? a. calcium, magnesium, zinc, fat-soluble vitamins b. water-soluble vitamins, calcium and phosphorus c. zinc, thiamin, iron d. fat-soluble vitamins

a. calcium, magnesium, zinc, fat-soluble vitamins Ileal resection- significant resections produce major complications. Distal- absorption of B12, intrinsic factor, bile salts. Ileum normally absorbs major portion of fluid in GI tract (pt have above avg needs for water to compensate for excessive losses in the stool. Drink at least 1 liter more than their ostomy output daily. If ileum cannot recycle bile salts lipids are not emulsified; leads to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins, malabsorbed fats combined with Ca, Zn, Mg, leading to "soaps", colonic absorption of oxalate increases - renal oxalate stones. Increased fluid and electrolyte secretion; increased colonic motility.

A job description: a. can be used for employee appraisal b. studies and analyzes all aspects of the job c. lists what steps to do and how to do them d. lists time limits on all aspects of the job

a. can be used for employee appraisal Job description- required skills/responsibilities. Matches applicants to job, orientation, training,

The kitchen layout below is characteristic of which foodservice system? Deck ovens/Range/Tilting skillet/ Refrigerator/Freezer/Preparation counter/ Bulk hot carts/ Bulk cold carts a. commissary b. conventional c. ready-prepared d. assembly-serve

a. commissary Commissary- satellite: centralizes procurement and production; food production (kitchen) and service areas (patients) are in separate facility.

A strict Muslim would not eat: a. congealed fruit salad b. egg salad c. tuna salad d. citrus fruit salad

a. congealed fruit salad has gelatin!

PERT is a tool that will help you: a. control large projects and calculate the time needed to get the job done b. assign workers to various tasks c. determine productivity levels d. determine the average check

a. control large projects and calculate the time needed to get the job done (PERT - Program Evaluation Technique or aka Critical Path Methods)

When preparing a budget, which management function is involved? a. controlling b. organizing c. evaluating d. projection

a. controlling Purpose: gives manager a basic for CONTROL - estimate of future needs.

Which oven is most energy efficient? a. convection oven b. rotary oven c. deck oven d. microwave

a. convection oven 2. convection - fan for circulation; even heat distribution; more quantity; lower temp (decrease 25-35F); takes less time (10-15% less) - MOST EFFICIENT OVEN

Primary considerations in the purchase of foodservice equipment are: a. cost and performance b. safety and versatility c. safety and performance d. cleanability and versatility

a. cost and performance

After a gastrectomy, the diet order should indicate a decrease in: a. disaccharides b. fats c. protein d. complex carbohydrates

a. disaccharides SG Sleeve gastrectomy 80% stomach removed, food pathway not altered.

According to HACCP, which would be the recommendation when preparing spaghetti and sauce? a. divide the prepared sauce into several small pans before chilling b. rinse spaghetti in cold water before mixing with sauce c. cook the meat thoroughly before mixing with sauce d. stir occasionally throughout the holding time

a. divide the prepared sauce into several small pans before chilling

What is the best practical way to measure energy balance? a. evaluate weight gain and weight loss b. utilize food intake records c. use activity factors d. calculate the number of calories consumed

a. evaluate weight gain and weight loss

To restore hydration after continuous endurance activity of 2 hours, consume: a. fluid, carbohydrate, sodium b. non-CHO electrolyte solutions c. fluids d. fluids and sodium

a. fluid, carbohydrate, sodium

Following a Roux-en-Y procedure, assess the need to supplement: a. folate, vitamin B12, potassium, magnesium b. no supplementation is needed c. fat-soluble vitamins d. potassium and magnesium

a. folate, vitamin B12, potassium, magnesium

Macrocytic, pernicious anemia resembles the anemia due to a deficiency of: a. folic acid b. iron c. megaloblastic cells d. pyridoxine

a. folic acid Macrocytic- megaloblastic anemia: Few large cells, filled with hemoglobin due to def of folate or vit B12: SCHILLING TEST FOR PERNICIOUS ANEMIA.

Which is a quick diet assessment tool for a large group? a. food frequency lists b. diet history forms c. weighing food samples and recording intake d. food records

a. food frequency lists Diet history- present patterns of eating. DO NOT ask leading questions. Food record- food diary, record of everything eaten in a specific period of time. 24-hr recall- mental recall of everything eaten in 24 hrs (quick tool for Clinical Setting) Food frequency Lists- how often an item is consumed. (good for community settings and large # of people).

Which item would appear in a capital budget? a. food service equipment b. food cost c. labor cost d. paper supplies

a. food service equipment 3. Capital Budget a. plant facilities, equipment, cost of improvements and repairs. (service, maintenance contracts), expansions, replacements. b. Includes expenditures whose return are expected to last beyond one year (ex. Computer software contract).

A PEG feeding would be useful in a patient with: a. head or neck cancer, who will not be able to eat normally for weeks b. short bowel syndrome c. duodenal ulcers d. pancreatitis

a. head or neck cancer, who will not be able to eat normally for weeks

You are planning a health promotion program for employees. To assess employee's needs, use information from: a. health-risk appraisals b. nutrition assessments c. medical records d. interviews

a. health-risk appraisals HRA Health Risk Appraisal - survey population's general health status (used in worksite, gov agencies as health ED or screening tool) - Questionnaire, calculations that predict risk of disease, ED message to participant - Sources of assessment info: demographic- population by age, ethnic groups, sex, birth rates, deaths. Socioeconomic stratification-census data, housing statistics.

Nutritional therapy for hepatitis includes: a. high protein, high carbohydrate, moderate fat, high calories b. high protein, low carbohydrate, low fat, moderate calories c. low protein, high carbohydrate, low fat, high calories d. low protein, high carbohydrate, low fat, low calories

a. high protein, high carbohydrate, moderate fat, high calories

You recently interviewed a top candidate for an administrative position, and are about to offer him the job. You then learn that he is planning on adopting a child. What should you do? a. hire him b. confront him about the possibility c. do not hire him d. wait two weeks to see if he does adopt the child

a. hire him

A Director from another Department sends you an email regarding construction. This is an example of what kind of communication? a. horizontal b. downward c. straight d. informal

a. horizontal Horizontal- btw depts (nutrition and nursing) ex.

A patient with the nephrotic syndrome will likely exhibit: a. hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, edema b. hypertension, hypocholesterolemia c. hypotension, azotemia d. malnutrition, hyperalbuminemia

a. hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, edema

What section of the intestine is most likely to be involved in Crohn's disease? a. ileum b. jejunum c. duodenum d. appendix

a. ileum

An employee evaluation should be given: a. in a quiet place with privacy b. in the Diet Office c. at the end of the day d. at the beginning of the day

a. in a quiet place with privacy

An example of a positive nutrition care outcome is: a. increased intake of foods high in iron and vitamin C b. increase in the number of participants in a weight management class c. increase in physician referrals to the outpatient department d. decrease in the number of complaints regarding low sodium meals

a. increased intake of foods high in iron and vitamin C

Employees of a congregate feeding program serving an Orthodox Jewish community are not allowed to bring food items into the facility. This is related to Jewish dietary laws that state: a. kosher foods should not be allowed to mix with non-kosher foods b. consumption of fruits and vegetables are restricted to the noon meal c. only unleavened bread or matzo products are restricted to the noon meal d. no pork or shellfish are allowed in a kosher kitchen

a. kosher foods should not be allowed to mix with non-kosher foods

Infants born to mothers with diabetes may be: a. larger than normal, and be hypoglycemia shortly after birth b. smaller than normal and be hyperglycemic shortly after birth c. larger than normal and be hyperglycemic shortly after birth d. smaller than normal and by hypoglycemic shortly after birth

a. larger than normal, ad be hypoglycemia shortly after birth

Which menu item generates the highest profit? Item Units sold Selling $ Raw food cost Prime cost Lasagna 1500 $3.00 $1.35 $2.00 Veg. Chili 100 $1.25 $0.57 $1.00 Hamburger 400 $2.00 $0.90 $1.50 Enchilada 100 $3.00 $1.14 $1.75 a. lasagna b. vegetarian chili c. hamburger d. enchilada

a. lasagna Work: Lasagna: $3.00 - $2.00 x 1500 = $1500 (answer) Vegetarian chili: $1.25 - $1.00 x 100 = $25 Hamburger: $2.00 - $1.50 x 400 = $200 Enchilada: $3.00 - $1.75 x 100 = $125

A patient with diabetes has not eaten for more than three days. You should: a. liberalize the diet b. provide multivitamin/mineral supplements c. provide increased fluids d. stay with her plan and encourage small frequent feedings

a. liberalize the diet

A customer who has eaten lunch in the cafeteria becomes ill one hour after eating a chicken sandwich. What should the Dietitian do first? a. listen carefully, take the complaint seriously and conduct an investigation b. accept responsibility and offer a coupon for a complimentary meal c. report the complaint immediately to the risk-management dept. d. ask where the person ate the night before and deny any responsibility

a. listen carefully, take the complaint seriously and conduct an investigation

What would the lab values above have likely reflected if the patient had been nauseated and had averaged only 400 calories from primarily starchy foods over the weekend? a. little or no rise in potassium, BUN/creatinine ratio <10 b. increased phosphorus, BUN/creatinine ratio >15 c. typical rise in potassium, BUN/creatinine ratio <10 d. metabolic alkalosis, BUN/creatinine ratio <10

a. little or no rise in potassium, BUN/creatinine ratio <10

An appropriate menu for a Kosher meal is: a. macaroni and cheese, green beans b. roast beef, potato, vegetable, cream soup c. veal parmesan, noodles, green beans d. crabmeat salad, lettuce, milk

a. macaroni and cheese, green beans

A female who eats a wide variety of foods and takes supplemental iron and birth control pills may be: a. marginally deficient in folic acid b. low in calcium c. low in vitamin A d. low in zinc

a. marginally deficient in folic acid

To implement an efficient staffing plan and adhere to budget constraints, the Dietitian can ensure labor costs are controlled by: a. master schedules b. job descriptions c. compensation changes d. cross-training

a. master schedules master- serve as overall plan, days on and off, vacations, basis for developing weekly schedules

Clostridium perfrinegens is often associated with: a. meat and gravies mixtures in large quantities b. fresh fruits and vegetables c. dairy products held within the danger zone d. uncured cheese

a. meat and gravied mixtures in large quantities

A tube fed patient develops diarrhea. What is the most likely cause? a. medications b. the osmolality is too low c. the strength is too weak d. it is being given at an improper rate

a. medications

Within 2-3 hours of continuous exercise at 60-80% of maximum: a. muscle glycogen is depleted b. muscle glycogen is the main energy source c. amino acids begin to contribute a source of energy d. fatty acids are the favored substrates

a. muscle glycogen is depleted

Where should a Class B fire extinguisher be placed? a. near the range b. near the dishmachine c. near the freezer d. near the refrigerator

a. near the range

What should most be encouraged in a Headstart program? a. nutrition activities related to food b. participation for at least one year c. class instructions d. healthy snacks

a. nutrition activities related to food

Hospitals use formularies to: a. obtain volume purchasing discounts b. limit the use of certain products c. develop process charts d. organize departments in a concentric pattern

a. obtain volume purchasing discounts Formularies: description of approved products that organization would like all personnel to use (saves money.)

Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention program? a. offer health risk appraisals with referrals as needed for follow-up b. bring fruits instead of sweet rolls to all weekly staff meetings c. offer heart-healthy eating cooking classes at civic centers d. set up walking programs during lunch breaks

a. offer health risk appraisals with referrals as needed for follow-up

Which of the following provides 45g of CHO? a. one cup pasta b. one cup black beans c. 1.5 cups blueberries d. 2 small tortillas

a. one cup pasta

Following resection of the small intestine, patients initially receive: a. parenteral nutrition b. elemental formula through an enteral feeding c. predigested nutrients through a gastrostomy tube d. lactose-free, low osmolar, jejunal feeding

a. parenteral nutrition

Children with a high risk for food allergies should initially avoid: a. peanut butter and milk b. eggs and strawberries c. oats and fish d. citrus fruits and chocolate

a. peanut butter and milk

What method is used when you log in and out movement from the storeroom? a. perpetual inventory b. min-max inventory c. physical inventory d. stage three inventory

a. perpetual inventory Perpetual - running record of balance on hand a. updated each time an item is placed in or removed from storage. Used in large operations. Restricted to dry/frozen storage, bread, produce, milk are not on inventory and are considered direct issues.

Which nutrients would be most helpful when treating a patient with a progressive infection? a. phosphorus and zinc b. sodium and potassium c. sodium and chromium d. potassium and magnesium

a. phosphorus and zinc

Which of the following has the fewest calories? a. plain hamburger on a bun b. chef's salad with dressing c. green salad with Thousand Island dressing, and shredded cheese d. fried fish sandwich

a. plain hamburger on a bun

Excess food soil in a dishmachine wash tank will result in foam that interferes with satisfactory dishwashing. The most appropriate corrective action is to: a. pre-rinse dishes before washing b. increase the amount of detergent c. increase water pressure in the wash tank d. drain the wash tank during meals and refill

a. pre-rinse dishes before washing

Which stage of change is represented by this comment: "I asked for the recipe for the vegetable dish." a. preparation b. action c. contemplation d. pre-contemplation

a. preparation -pre-contemplating- unaware or not interested in making a change "I did notknow salt had any effect on my blood pressure". -contemplating- thinking about making a change "I was looking at the salt content of foods I have a home" -preparation- decides to change and plans the change "I bought a cookbook on low salt cooking" -action- tries to make the change "I removed the salt shaker from the kitchen table" -maintenance- sustains the change for 6 months or longer "I found a website that helps me plan family low sodium meals'

A written record of items ordered, with quantities and specification is: a. purchase requisition b. standing order c. an invoice d. a receiving record

a. purchase requisition Purchase requisition - first document used in the purchasing process. Internal form used to request items from purchasing manager.

The profit margin: a. reflects the portion of sales volume remaining after all bills are paid b. labor costs subtracted from total sales c. indirect costs subtracted from total sales d. direct costs subtracted from total sales

a. reflects the portion of sales volume remaining after all bills are paid Profit margin= most commonly used assessment of overall financial efficiency. Reflects the portion of sales volume remaining after paying all expenses. Net profit (profit after ALL expenses have been paid) Sales dollars (revenue

A patient with hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and hypermagnesemia may have: a. renal disease b. re-feeding syndrome c. pancreatic disease d. liver disease

a. renal disease hyperphosphatemia- High Phos Hyperkalemia - High Ca Hypermagnesemia- High Mg

The profitability of a coffee shop may be determined by calculating the ratio of profit to: a. sales b. labor cost c. liabilities d. indirect costs

a. sales Profit margin= most commonly used assessment of overall financial efficiency. Reflects the portion of sales volume remaining after paying all expenses. Net profit (profit after ALL expenses have been paid) Sales dollars (revenue

Which foods are most likely to cause an allergic reaction? a. shellfish, peanuts, wheat b. wheat, chocolate, rice c. citrus fruits, milk, corn d. chocolate, milk, corn

a. shellfish, peanuts, wheat

Chemically defined formulas are used for: a. short bowel syndrome b. post chemotherapy treatment c. hypermetabolism d. galactosemia

a. short bowel syndrome

Enteral feeding products that contain protein in the form of small peptides and amino acids may be recommended for patients who have: a. short-bowel syndrome b. undergone a gastrectomy c. undergone a colectomy d. undergone a cholecystectomy

a. short-bowel syndrome

A hospital cafeteria that currently services 500 meals at noon must increase service to 800 without adding food production staff. The best action would be: a. simplify the menu b. redesign the kitchen c. rearrange employee work schedules d. replace current equipment with fast-performance equipment

a. simplify the menu

Which of the following can be offered to a patient when his diet prescription is moved from NDD Level 3 to Level 2? a. soft pancake b. bread pudding c. rice pudding d. saltine crackers

a. soft pancake

An increased intake of which of the following might be the cause of diarrhea without malabsorption in children? a. sorbitol b. fat c. protein d. fruit

a. sorbitol

On you r meal rounds you notice that elderly patients are not being fed properly. What is the best solution? a. speak with the Director of Nursing b. discuss it at a discharge planning meeting c. confer with the Nurse's Aide responsible d. assign you Diet Aide to help feed the patient

a. speak with the Director of Nursing

You have been promoted to a top management position. What adjustment in skills is needed? a. technical skills decrease, conceptual skills increase b. conceptual skills decrease, technical and human skills increase c. technical skills increase, conceptual skills decrease d. technical skills decrease, conceptual and human skills increase

a. technical skills decrease, conceptual skills increase 1. Technical - understanding of and proficiency in a specific kind of activity. Most important for lower level of management (ex. Tray line, know where everything is) 2. Human- ability to work effectively as a group member. 3. Conceptual- ability to see organization as a whole 4. Hard skills- can be taught, soft skills must be developed and nurtured.

Large volume purchasing, centralized production, service areas in separate facilities are features of: a. the commissary system b. the ready-prepared system c. the assemble serve system d. the conventional system

a. the commissary system Commissary- satellite: centralizes procurement and production; food production (kitchen) and service areas (patients) are in separate facility. a. menu items - are in bulk or portioned, then frozen, chilled or hot-held; carries are filled at the commissary and delivered to the service units. b. adv- uniform quality of products of all units, economics- centralized, LARGE-volume purchasing, no duplicate equipment or personnel. All units receive same quality items. c. equipment and personnel operate at high efficiency rate during the day with no idle periods. d. dis- delivery and safety issues; has 9 critical control points

Productivity is measured by: a. the number of portions served per hour b. the number of employees working each day c. the number of food deliveries d. the inventory

a. the number of portions served per hour

To calculate the estimated caloric needs of a patient who is significantly underweight the Dietitian should use: a. the patient's actual body weight b. the patient's adjusted body weight c. the patient's desirable body weight d. 90% of the patient's desirable body weight

a. the patient's actual body weight

A decision to fee patients in their rooms, rather than in the cafeteria is based on: a. the philosophy of the institution b. the equipment in the kitchen c. the labor available d. federal regulations

a. the philosophy of the institution

A patient who had an ileal resection is placed on a tube feeding and begins to have diarrhea. This may be due to: a. use of a hypertonic formula b. use of an isotonic formula c. blockage of the GI tract d. lactose intolerance

a. use of a hypertonic formula Infusion of hypertonic solution delivered through a central venous catheter. Used to achieve anabolic state for pt who cant eat by mouth and EN is not possible.

Which supplements are recommended with hemodialysis? a. vitamins C, B6, folate, B12 b. vitamins A, D, E, K c. thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C d. thiamin, folate, vitamins E and C

a. vitamins C, B6, folate, B12

The best way to prevent the spread of food-borne illness is to: a. wash hands regularly b. cook all foods throughly c. purchase food from trusted vendor d. prepare food shortly before serving

a. wash hands regularly

Expected creatinine clearance is estimated from the client's: a. weight and height b. TSF, AMC c. height d. waist circumference

a. weight and height

At what temperature should coffee and items such as thin soups be held for serving? a. 140-160'F b. 180-190'F c. 200-212'F d. over 212'F

b. 180-190'F

Quality standards for fruits assure you of: a. wholesomeness b specifications of minimum quality characteristics c. safety from pesticides and residues d. good taste

b specifications of minimum quality characteristics

How many meals were served per labor minute if 34 FTE produced 3800 meals in one 40 hour week? a. 2.79 b. 0.05 c. 1.12 d. 0.25

b. 0.05 Procedure: Meals per labor hour = # of meals produced/# of hours worked * Question ask meals/labor minute Note: 34 FTE worked 40hour => Total 1,360 hours or 81,600 minutes Procedure: 3,800 (# meals produced)/ 81,600 minutes (# of minutes worked) = $0.046 or ~$0.05

If a man normally consuming 2600 calories per day reduces his intake to 1500 calories per day, how much weight will he lose in one week? a. 0.5 KG b. 1.0 KG c. 1.5 KG d. 2.0 KG

b. 1.0 KG 2600kcal-1500= 1100kcal less per day 1100*7 (7days)= 7700kcal less per week 7700/3500= 2.2lbs/2.2kg = 1kg *3500kcal = 1lb

A patient weighing 104 KG is placed on a 1.5 cal/ml formula with 75% free water, 54 grams protein/L. He needs 3000 calories per day. Referring to the patient above, how much protein will he receive? (A patient weighing 104 KG is placed on a 1.5 cal/ml formula with 75% free water, 54 grams protein/L. He needs 3000 calories per day.) a. 64 g b. 108 g c. 146 g d. 150 g

b. 108 g

A parenteral solution includes 65 grams of protein, 200 grams dextrose and a 20% fat emulsion at 7 ml per hour. How many total calories will this provide in a 24 hour period? a. 1155 b. 1276 c. 1307 d. 1385

b. 1276 65g x 4 = 260 200 x 3.4 = 680 169 x .20 x 10 = 3367 7ml x 24 = 168

You have invested in new hardware and software that will reduce the labor hours needed to complete a task. What is the payback period? Hardware $3500 Software $2400 Staff instruction $1000 Labor hrs saved: 6 per week at $20/hr. a. 6 years b. 13 months c. 20 months d. one year

b. 13 months Work: $3500 + $2400 + $1000 = $6900 (total cost) 6 hrs/week x $ 20/hr = $ 120/week saved 6900/120 = 57.5 weeks total (13 months) (52 weeks = 1 yr So, 57.5 weeks - 52 = 5.5 weeks or ~additional 1 month or *To calculate months from weeks, divide by 4.34)

What is the lowest acceptable holding temperature while serving? a. 120'F b. 140'F c. 160'F d. 180'F

b. 140'F

Chicken has a popularity index of 45%. There are 380 total patients, 85% of whom are eating. How many will choose chicken? a. 202 b. 145 c. 196 d. 154

b. 145 Work: 380 patients x .85 = 323 patients eating 323 patients x .45 = 145.3

How many total calories are provided in 500 ml of a 20% dextrose solution with 500 ml of a 4% protein solution and 250 ml of a 20% lipid emulsion? How many grams of protein are provided in the above solution? a. 15 b. 20 c. 25 d. 30

b. 20 500x.04=20

A foodservice uses hamburger patties at an average rate of 6 cases per day. Lead time is 3 days. You want to have a safety supply of 2 cases. You need to order them when the supply drops to ___ cases. a. 18 b. 20 c. 36 d. 45

b. 20 Work: 3days x 6 case/d = 18 18 cases + 2 (safety) = 20

How much protein is needed for a patient with a Stage 3 burn? a. 10-20% of total calories b. 20-25% of total calories c. 25-30% of total calories d. 25-40% of total calories

b. 20-25% of total calories Burns- Fluid is 1st priority, not food after a burn. IMMEDIATE shock- BMR rise 50-100% 2nd recovery period- increase kcal based on burn size 1.5-2gmpro/kg (1.2 if burn <10%BSA), high kcals. Add: vit C wound healing 500mg x2 and zinc 220mg. Water soluble vit 2x RDA, vit A 10000 IU. Vit K if on antibiotics.

How much additional water would a 65kg patient need when receiving 2400 m of a standard formula, 85% free water, was given daily? a. 125 ml b. 235 ml c. 155 ml d. 270 ml

b. 235 ml 2400 x .85 = 2040 35 x 65 = 2275 2275-2040= 235ml Fluid req 35ml/kg

Two liters of a 5% dextrose solution provide how many calories? a. 170 b. 340 c. 212 d. 195

b. 340 2000mlx0.05=100x3.4=340

What temperature range is recommended for a dairy refrigerator? a. 28-32 degrees b. 36-40 degrees c. 45-50 degrees d. 55-60 degrees

b. 36-40 degrees

In a hospital with 300 patients, it take 14 minutes to prepare one meal. How many FTE's are needed per week? a. 12 b. 37 c. 46 d. 10

b. 37 *FTE/Week = labor hours worked per week/ 40 hour normal work load Work: 300 x 3 meals/day x 7 days/week = 6,300 meals 6,300 meals x 14min/meal = 88,200 mins 88,200 minutes /60 = 1,470 total labor hrs 1470/40 = 36.75 FTE's

The maximum hang time for open enteral systems is: a. 2 hours b. 4 hours c. 6 hours d. 8 hours

b. 4 hours

A sedated patient receives 25cc of Propofol per hour. How many calories will he receive from the medication daily? a. 500 b. 660 c. 720 d. 785

b. 660 25 x 24 hrs = 600 x 1.1 = 660 propofol = 1.1kca/cc

A patient receives 1800 ml of a 1 cal/cc formula with 44 grams protein per liter. How much protein will he receive? a. 44 b. 79 c. 65 d. 88

b. 79 1800=1.8L 1.8x44= 79.2

The most appropriate temperature for a sanitizing solution is: a. 50'F b. 79'F c. 90'F d. 140'F

b. 79'F Chlorine sanitizing solutions should be at a minimum temperature of 75°F.

In a PN mixture, what volume of the amino acid solutions listed would come closest to providing 185 calories? a. 1000 ml of 8.5% amino acids b. 850 ml of 5.5% amino acids c. 500 ml of 7.0% amino acids d. 500 ml of 10% amino acids

b. 850 ml of 5.5% amino acids

How many total calories are provided in 500 ml of a 20% dextrose solution with 500 ml of a 4% protein solution and 250 ml of a 20% lipid emulsion? a. 870 b. 920 c. 1020 d. 1125

b. 920 500x.20x3.4= 340 500x.04x4= 80 250x.20x10= 500

How many total calories are provided in 500 ml of a 20% dextrose solution with 500 ml of a 4% protein solution and 250 ml of a 20% lipid emulsion? What is the calorie:nitrogen ratio in the above solution? a. 287:1 b. 920:3.2 c. 1020:6.25 d. 318:1

b. 920:3.2 1 g N = 6.25g protein 20gmPRO/6.25 = 3.2 and Kcal was 920kcal

A 75 year old female with adequate income would benefit from: a. SNAP b. Congregate Meals c. EFNEP d. WIC

b. Congregate Meals OAA Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (formerly ENP Elderly Nutrition Program)- Title III- one hot meal/day 5 days/week, provides 1/3 reco intake. Eligibility: ALL over 60 y/o plus spouse, REGARDLESS of INCOME. Congregated Meals- MEALS ON WHEELS (must be homebound), counseling, nutrition ED, referrals, social interaction. By USDHHS

Which assessment tool might be given to clients prior to screening at a congregate meal site? a. PEACH survey b. DETERMINE checklist c. NSI Level I screen d. NSI Level II screen

b. DETERMINE checklist DETERMINES CHECKLIST-identifies factors placing people at nutritional risk. Elder age above 80. Congregate nutrition services are intended to promote the health and well being of older adults

Which of the following medications is an appetite suppressant? a. Prednisone b. Dextroamphetamine c. Erythromycin d. Dronabinol

b. Dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine (Addreall) Appetitie suppressant, anorexia, naura, wt loss

A patient comes to you with a diet that you know is not good to follow. What should you do? a. Tell him it's not good. b. Explain why it is not good. c. Tell him to only follow what you have provided. d. Let him do as he wishes.

b. Explain why it is not good.

Adulterated food is regulated by the... a. HHS b. FDA under the Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act c. Department of Commerce d. USDA

b. FDA under the Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act prohibits adulteration - lowering quality by mixing or substituting substances.

Why would a man who eats very little protein have an albumin of 5.5g/dl? a. Carbohydrate keeps albumin levels elevated b. He is dehydrated c. Serum albumin falls quickly with protein deprivation d. It is a sign of protein malnutrition

b. He is dehydrated

A patient with Crohn's disease needs the following diet: I. high fat, high calorie, high protein II. low fat only with steatorrhea, vitamin C, B12 III. calories according to current BMI, high protein IV. high residue, low fat, fat soluble vitamins V. low calorie, low residue, fat soluble vitamins, B12 a. I b. II, III c. III, IV d. V

b. II, III II. low fat only with steatorrhea, vit C, B12 III. calories according to current BMI, high protein

Which of the following is not a guideline for Medicaid? I. low income II. over the age of 60 only III. nutritional need a. I b. II, III c. II d. III

b. II, III II. over the age of 60 only III. nutritional need

Being well-treated by supervisors, being given special attention, and the importance of breaks in increasing productivity, are all considered motivators by: a. Herzberg b. Mayo c. Maslow d. MacGregor

b. Mayo HAWTHORNE STUDIES- WESTERN ELIECTRI- ELTON MAYO -If you involve people in the process, they become more productive. Productivity due to: employees were given special attention, were involved in good experience, well-treated. Work breaks increase productivity. -placebo effect (special attention improves behavior)

Which program helps provide nutritious meals to an adolescent residential facility? a. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program b. National School Breakfast Program c. Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program d. The Emergency Food Assistance Program

b. National School Breakfast Program NSBP National School Breakfast Program - ENTITLEMENT program, meals must meet Dietary Guidelines. Breakfast must provide on avg over each school week: ¼ daily rec. levels for protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C. By USDA

How much water should be available per person per day in a disaster? a. One gallon for two days b. One gallon for a minimum of 3 days c. One gallon for a minimum of 1 week d. One gallon for a maximum of two days

b. One gallon for a minimum of 3 days

Levodopa is used in the treatment of: a. rheumatoid arthritis b. Parkinson's disease c. diabetic ketoacidosis d. nephrotic syndrome

b. Parkinson's disease

Which of the following would be used to analyze tray line accuracy? a. Gantt chart b. Process control chart c. Cause and effect diagram d. Break-even analysis

b. Process control chart The control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes over time. Data are plotted in time order. A control chart always has a central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control limit and a lower line for the lower control limit.

A mother with 2 daughters, ages 8 and 11, does not earn enough money to feed her family. Which program would you suggest? a. WIC b. SNAP c. Child and Adult Care Food Program d. Medicaid

b. SNAP SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program- LARGEST FOOD ASSITANCE program; ENTITLEMENT. Low income with monthly benefits, net income must be at or below certain % of poverty level; income limits vary by household size, and are adj to the cost of living. Designed to increase their purchasing power; not for non-food items. Figures are adj to reflect cost of food in Thrifty Food Plan for June of preceding year - LEAST costly of USDA four food plans. SNAP nutrition ED program: provided to program participants. By USDA

If you worked overtime and did not get paid, which labor law would help you claim? a. The Equal Opportunity Act b. The Fair Labor Standards Act c. The Equal Pay Act d. The Civil Rights Act

b. The Fair Labor Standards Act Fair Labor Standards Act 1938: Fair employment act a.Also MINIMUM WAGE/ WAGE HOUR LAW; set min wage. b. for overtime work (over 40 hrs in 1 week) must pay time and one-half c. min wage- listed at Bureau of Labor Standards d. amendment- Equal Pay Act 1963 - prohibits discrimination on basis of sex. e. donated (tolerated) time - compensable- must be paid f. child labor laws regulate work hrs and duties of children - in foodservice; student can handle/clean slicers only if enrolled in food-related programs. g. occupations EXEMPT from min wage and overtime requirement: executive, administrative, professional, outside salesperson.

Who is the most appropriate candidate for parenteral nutrition? a. a 12 year old girl coming in for an appendectomy b. a middle aged woman who will begin chemotherapy c. an elderly lady with emphysema d. a young man going for gallbladder surgery

b. a middle aged woman who will begin chemotherapy - Mod to sev malnutrition pt with prolonged GI dysfx. - Critically ill hemodynamically stable with paralytic ileus, acute GI bleed, bowel obstruction. - Only malnourished cancer pt on therapy who are anticipated to be unable to ingest and absorb adequate nutrients - Cancer pt unable to eat/ingest nutrients for 7-4 days

Which would be a sentinel event? a. a meat slicer left with the blade unguarded b. a wet floor near the dishmachine c. an unclean can opener d. MSDA sheets not posted

b. a wet floor near the dishmachine Sentinel event - is a serious event that requires further investigation each time is occur; undesirable but avoidable events ex. 0% food poising, dish machine area floor is dry 100% -- if one were to happen or not happen- it would be a sentinel event

What is the best example of delegation? a. tell the employee what to do b. allow the employee to change procedures to achieve desired outcomes c. require the employee to provide daily progress reports d. select an employee who is interested in management

b. allow the employee to change procedures to achieve desired outcomes Delegation is the distribution of work to qualified people. Manager must have clear understanding of what they want done.

Which is considered a hazardous situation? a. a gauge on the coffee urn not working b. an employee washing floors during rush hour c. an employee cleaning the grill with steel wool d. an employee leaving the freezer door ajar

b. an employee washing floors during rush hour ajar- slightly open

An albumin of 5.0 mg/dl in a patient who has consumed very few calories and limited fluids for several weeks is likely due to: a. increased liver production of albumin in response to poor intake b. an increase in albumin due to dehydration c. decreased intake of protein d. retention of albumin due to the low caloric intake

b. an increase in albumin due to dehydration

When a starved patient begins to eat, they might expect: a. constipation b. an increased workload on the heart c. lethargy d. diarrhea

b. an increased workload on the heart

Which type of anemia is likely to be seen in a patient with arthritis? a. microcytic, hypochromic b. anemia secondary to chronic disease c. macrocytic d. megaloblastic

b. anemia secondary to chronic disease Arthritis- inflammation of peripheral joints. Regula, well-balanced diet with vit intake DRI. Bed rest, aspirin. Normocytic anemia (not related to diet

Which production system has the smallest production area? a. cook-chill b. assembly-serve c. conventional d. commissary-satellite

b. assembly-serve

The diet for stomatitis is: a. low fat, high carbohydrate, normal protein b. avoid spices, very hot, very cold, sour, tart foods c. high protein, high carbohydrate d. liquids, mostly carbohydrates

b. avoid spices, very hot, very cold, sour, tart foods

The report presenting the financial condition of an organization as of a particular date is a: a. budget b. balance sheet c. income statement d. funds flow sheet

b. balance sheet Balance sheet- shows financial condition as of a particular date.

What would you suggest to decrease fat intake for a Hispanic patient? a. change from whole milk to 2% milk b. change beans from refried to boiled c. change to low fat yogurt d. serve low fat cheese

b. change beans from refried to boiled

If the chlorine solution in the dishmachine is not working properly, the first action should be: a. change to quaternary ammonia b. check for concentration and temperature of the solution c. use disposable dishes d. change to an iodine solution

b. check for concentration and temperature of the solution

Which type of power is ineffective in motivating behavioral change and may create resistance? a. referent b. coercive c. legitimate d. expert

b. coercive 1. influence - action that will cause a change in behavior or attitude of another 2. Power- ability to exert influence a. reward power- ability to reward another for carrying out an order. b. coercive power- negative side of reward power, ineffective in motivating, behavior change (punishment is not effective). c. position (legitimate) power- subordinate acknowledges that the influencer has the right to exert influence due to position (job title) comes from authority. d. expert power- belief that influencer has some relevant expertise that subordinates does not. e. referent power (personality, charisma)- based on desire to identify with or imitate the influencer. Successful managers are sensitive to source of their power.

Which of the following tools would be best in determining consumption of vegetables in a high school? a. 24 hr dietary recall records b. conduct plate waste studies c. conduct focus group with students d. track school cafeteria sales records

b. conduct plate waste studies

What would a vegan not eat? a. coleslaw made with oil and vinegar b. congealed fruit salad c. salad with tofu dressing d. peanut butter

b. congealed fruit salad congealed- HAS GELATIN!

You are the Food service Director and have received a not saying that last night's meat delivery had been improperly handled by two employees. Your first action is to: a. contact the delivery driver to see how the meat was delivered b. contact the two employees responsible for handling the meat c. inspect the meat for color and odor d. have the meat cooked immediately

b. contact the two employees responsible for handling the meat

The kitchen layout below is characteristic of which foodservice system? Deck ovens/ Range/ Tilting skillet/ Refrigerator/ Freezer/ Preparation counter/ Meal assembly/ Delivery carts a. commissary b. conventional c. ready-prepared d. assembly-serve

b. conventional 1. conventional - all preparations done on premises where meals are served. Foods are prepared and served on the same day (immediate service).

Which is permitted on a diet which excludes gluten? a. rye b. corn c. barley d. wheat bread

b. corn

The process of comparing a program's benefits to net savings is called: a. cost-effectiveness analysis b. cost-benefit analysis c. formative evaluation d. program evaluation

b. cost-benefit analysis Cost benefit studies- is it worth while to complete this project?

When cleaning ____, use chlorine or quaternary ammonia. a. laundry b. countertops c. oven d. floors

b. countertops

Which tests measure somatic protein: a. prealbumin, albumin b. creatinine clearance, serum creatinine c. serum transferrin d. prealbumin, albumin, transferrin

b. creatinine clearance, serum creatinine Serum creatinine 0.6-1.4mg/dl Release from muscle cells and excreted from kidneys with little reabsorption. Together with BUN accesses kidney functions. Related to muscle mass; measures somatic protein, muscle waste. CHI creatinine height index 80% normal Ration of Cr excreted/24 hrs to ht. Estimates lean body mass-somatic protein. 60-80% mild muscle depletion

Which of the following is an outcome indicator? a. freezer temperature are recorded daily b. customers are satisfied with the meals c. tube feeding bags and sets are changed every 24 hours d. food allergies are documented in the medical record

b. customers are satisfied with the meals

You are preparing dinner for a 500 bed facility. The menu includes roast beef, mashed potatoes and carrots. Which equipment is best suited for this task? a. a convection oven and a tilting braising pan b. deck ovens and pressure steamers c. a microwave oven and a trunion kettle d. a rotary oven and a steamer

b. deck ovens and pressure steamers

When switching from a conventional oven to a convection oven, a. increase the temperature by 15 degrees b. decrease the temp by 25 degrees c. increase the temp by 12 degrees d. decrease the temp by 5 degrees

b. decrease the temp by 25 degrees

A PN regimen that contains 1 L of D50W and 1 L of 7% Aminosyn provides how many non-protein calories? a. 300 b. 1400 c. 1700 d. 2000

c. 1700 1000ml x .50 x 3.4 = 1700

Looking at the above question, what else would you expect to see? (A renal patient has come for dialysis on Monday morning with a serum sodium of 130 mEq/L, a BUN of 100 mg/dl, creatinine 8.0, and a 4 KG weight gain since his last dialysis on Friday morning. His laboratory indicators were in acceptable ranges on Friday afternoon. ) a. increased bicarbonate, increased potassium, decreased phosphorus b. decreased bicarbonate, increased potassium, increased phosphorus c. decreased bicarbonate, decreased potassium, increased phosphorus d. increased bicarbonate, increased potassium, increased phosphorus

b. decreased bicarbonate, increased potassium, increased phosphorus

A post-surgical patient experiences a drop in serum albumin. The reason is likely: a. the patient has not consumed adequate nutrition for three days b. decreased serum albumin levels are normal after catabolic stress c. the laboratory may have read the results incorrectly d. the patient has iatrogenic malnutrition

b. decreased serum albumin levels are normal after catabolic stress

Which is a good method of food handling? a. sanitize raw food before preparation b. defrost frozen food in the refrigerator c. refrigerate raw food at 48'F d. thaw frozen food quickly under running hot water

b. defrost frozen food in the refrigerator

You are a supervision Dietitian and are very satisfied with one of you Diet Aides who works very hard. One year after hiring her, you realize the information on her application wasn't true. What should you do? a. say nothing and ignore it b. discuss it with her one on one in your office c. inform human resources about the situation d. fire her

b. discuss it with her one on one in your office

The most important critical control point to monitor in the preparation and service of canned cream soup is the temperature: a. at delivery b. during steam table holding c. of storage d. during end-point cooking

b. during steam table holding c. Critical Control Points (CCP) - points in food service where a loss of control would result in an unacceptable safety risk. Ex. Holding temp of canned cream soup, time and end-point cooking temp for foods.

The best way to counsel a patient with anorexia nervosa is to: a. recommend that the patient increase food intake and attend weekly counseling sessions b. emphasize the health benefits associated with increased intake c. maintain a constant regimen to decrease inappropriate choices d. remain flexible to help the patient set realistic goals

b. emaphasize the health benefits associated with increased intake

The human relations theory of management stresses: a. tasks, structure and authority b. employee's needs c. direct control by management d. management's needs

b. employee's needs HUMAN RELATIONS (BEHAVIORAL) THEORY Uses behavior sciences, employees participate, improves morale and productivity. Theory Z- (ouchi)- the value of the company is the people (loyalty) everyone who will be affected by a decision should help make it. (consensus decision making)

A patient on Lithium carbonate decreases his sodium intake to 2 grams/day. The effect will be: a. decreased activity of the drug b. enhanced activity of the drug c. no change in drug activity d. reduced response to the drug

b. enhanced activity of the drug

The best way for you to follow-up on a patient's application of diet instruction provided is to: a. ask him how he is doing with the changes b. evaluate his actual intake over time c. ask him questions about different meal options d. look for non-verbal cues to determine meal options

b. evaluate his actual intake over time

A spastic quadriplegic requires: a. lower energy intake b. fewer calories, increased fluid and fiber c. increased fluid and fiber, acid ash diet d. lower energy intake

b. fewer calories, increased fluid and fiber

The food service supervisor should carefully monitor a cook-chill production because of concerns about: a. work simplification techniques b. food safety c. portion control d. product acceptability

b. food safety

The additive influence of foods and constituents which when eaten have a beneficial effect on health refers to: a. nutraceuticals b. food synergy c. positive corollaries d. medical foods

b. food synergy FOOD SYNERGY IS THE ADDATIVE INLFUENCE OF FOODS AND CONSTITUENTS WHICH, WHEN EATEN HAVE A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON HEALTH.

Which of the following must be included when preparing a budget? a. controlling expenses b. forecasting revenue c. controlling labor cost d. proper cash control

b. forecasting revenue

An example of a primary prevention program for a local community would be: a. low sodium cooking classes for hypertensive patients b. have local farmers bring fresh fruits and vegetables into schools c. at health fairs, refer high risk individuals to appropriate programs d. education programs for those recently diagnosed with diabetes

b. have local farmers bring fresh fruits and vegetables into schools

Maple syrup urine disease and homocystinuria: a. have non-dietary treatments b. have protein as the nutrient of concern c. require a fluid restriction d. have carbohydrate as the nutrient of concern

b. have protein as the nutrient of concern Homocystinurias- treatable inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism. Characterized by severe elevations of methionine and homocysteine in plasma, excessive excretion of homocysteine in urine. New pt receive: folate, pyridoxine (B6), B12. If they don't respond: low protein, low methionine diet. Maple syrup urine disease MSUD Inborn error of metabolism of BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine), poor sucking reflex, anorexia, FTT, irritability, sweet burt maple syrup odor. RESTRIC BCAA 45-62mg/day from CHO and fat to spare AA. Small amt milk to support growth, gelatin. AVOID: eggs, meat, nuts, other dairy products.

A patient with diabetic gastroparesis should avid foods that are: a. high in simple sugars b. high in fat c. low in fiber d. low in protein

b. high in fat GASTROPARESIS - delayed gastric emptying: assoc w/ surgery, DM, viral infections, obstructions, mod to severe hyperglycemia: detrimental effects on gastric nerves. Prokinetics (erythromycin, metoclopramide) increase stomach contractility. Diet: small, frequent meals, pureed food, avoid high fiber, avoid high fat (liquid fat may be better tolerated). Bezoar formation may be due to undigested food or medications; treatment include enzyme or endoscopic therapy.

Low levels of folate, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin are associated with: a. glycogen storage disease b. homocystinurias c. phenylketonuria d. galactosemia

b. homocystinurias Homocystinurias- treatable inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism. Characterized by severe elevations of methionine and homocysteine in plasma, excessive excretion of homocysteine in urine. New pt receive: folate, pyridoxine (B6), cyanocobalamin (B12). If they don't respond: low protein, low methionine diet.

The catecholamines released during stress cause: a. hypertension b. hyperglycemia c. diuresis d. elevated BUN

b. hyperglycemia CATECHOLAMINES EPINEPHRINE (suppresses insulin), non-epinephrine (hepatic glycogenolysis.)

The immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine may cause: a. hypokalemia and hypoglycemia b. hyperlipidemia and hyperkalemia c. hypermagnesemia d. hyponatremia

b. hyperlipidemia and hyperkalemia Cyclosporine (immunosuppressant) Hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypertension

A nutrition surveillance program is designed primarily to: a. confirm results of annual nutritional surveys b. identify the nutritional needs of the population c. indicate the number of people at increased risk for medical conditions d. indicate the causes underlying the nutrition problems identified

b. identify the nutritional needs of the population Nutrition surveillance- continuous collection of data to evaluate nutritional status. Identifies problem, sets baseline, sets priorities, detects changes in trends overtime. Use height, wt, hematocrit, hemoglobin, cholesterol. ON-GOING system linked to active health programs: WIC, CDC, EPSDT- Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment. Data should be used by these programs to identify intervention.

When should you provide nutrition counseling to an AIDS patient? a. when nausea and vomiting become problems b. immediately upon diagnosis c. when diarrhea occurs d. no counseling is needed

b. immediately upon diagnosis

Propionate is used in foods to: a. enhance flavor b. increase shelf life by inhibiting mold c. thicken d. retain color

b. increase shelf life by inhibiting mold

St. John's Wort has which effect on Coumadin? a. decreases drug metabolism and decreases its effect b. increases drug metabolism and decreases its effect c. decreases drug metabolism and increases its effect d. increases drug metabolism and increases its effect

b. increases drug metabolism and decreases its effect St. John's wort might increase the breakdown and decrease the effectiveness of warfarin (Coumadin). Decreasing the effectiveness of warfarin (Coumadin) might increase the risk of clotting.

Which method of buying includes contacting several vendors to obtain price quotes and placing orders? a. prime vendor b. informal c. formal d. contract

b. informal Informal - open market- small orders quickly. a. buyer requests quotes on specific items for specific amounts and qualities from one or more sources of supply. Contact made by phone. Place order after considering price, quality, delivery.

When a manager update the Director about activities occurring on the patient trayline, he is demonstrating which managerial role? a. interpersonal b. informational c. technical d. decisional

b. informational Informational- Find and share info. a. monitor role- constantly searching for info to become more effective. b. disseminator- transmits info to subordinates c. spokesman- transmits info to people inside and outside

What We Eat in America (WWEIA): a. conducts telephone interviews asking about eating behaviors b. is the dietary intake component of NHANES c. evaluates seven nutrients consumed by adults and households d. identifies nutritional needs and the kind of intervention that is needed

b. is the dietary intake component of NHANES

A long term care patient has normal intestinal function but cannot eat. What tube feeding should you provide? a. high protein, high calorie formula b. isotonic, polymeric formula c. elemental formula d. low fiber, low fat formula

b. isotonic, polymeric formula isotonic (osmolality is close to that of blood).

Research on the effects of a low sugar, low artificial flavor diet on hyperkinesis has shown that: a. it works in two out of three patients b. it has not been scientifically proven effective c. it has never been tested on humans d. it has been proven effective

b. it has been scientifically proven effective

Which of the following is true about SGOT: a. it is increased with hepatitis and diabetes b. it is increased with hepatitis, decreased with diabetes c. it is decreased in both hepatitis and diabetes d. it is decreased with hepatitis and increased with diabetes

b. it is increased with hepatitis, decreased with diabetes

Which of the following is an example of productivity management? a. labor turnover rate b. labor minutes per day c. food cost percentage d. edible portion cost

b. labor minutes per day Productivity management- evaluation tool, measuring efficiency and providing data to enhance decisions- making regarding resource allocation. Productivity is the EFFICIENCY with which a production or service activity converts inputs into outputs, expressed as RATIO. -Inputs (resources): labor, money, materials, facilities, energy. -Outputs (units of service): meals, patient days, consults -Labor minutes worked per day, trays per min, consults per labor hour. TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY, INCREASE THE OUTPUT OR DECRESE THE INPUT.

Following a Billroth II, steatorrhea often results. What is the likely cause? a. bacterial overgrowth in the remaining loop b. lack of pancreatic secretion due to less duodenal hormone secretion c. a diet restricting simple carbohydrates d. rapid absorption of simple carbohydrates

b. lack of pancreatic secretion due to less duodenal hormone secretion

A child is lethargic, irritable with diarrhea. The cause may be: a. zinc toxicity b. lead poisoning c. iron overload d. vitamin A toxicity

b. lead poisoning

Following a cholecystectomy, bile is produced by the: a. pancreas b. liver c. spleen d. portal vein

b. liver

A 6'2" male, large frame, 230 lbs. with Type II diabetes should: a. gain 5 lbs. to be at a desirable body weight b. lose 20 lbs. slowly following balanced diet c. lose 20 lbs. in 4 weeks on an 800 calorie diet d. lose 10 lbs. slowly by following a balanced diet

b. lose 20 lbs. slowly following balanced diet

The nutrition prescription for an infant with phenylketonuria includes: a. high phenylalanine, low tyrosine b. low phenylalanine, high tyrosine c. low phenylalanine, high isoleucine d. low phenylalanine, high valine

b. low phenylalanine, high tyrosine

Nutritional prescription for a patient with cardiac cachexia includes: a. < 1 liter fluid, low sodium b. low sodium, low saturated fat, low cholesterol, high calorie c. restricted calorie, .8g protein/kg, fluid restriction d. normal protein, follow DASH diet

b. low sodium, low saturated fat, low cholesterol, high calorie

A patient with low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, high MCV has: a. microcytic anemia from lack of folate or B12 b. macrocytic anemia from lack of folate or B12 c. microcytic anemia from lack of iron d. macrocytic anemia from lack of iron

b. macrocytic anemia from lack of folate or B12 Microcytic- hypochromic anemia: small, pale cells, due to iron def. Assoc with infections, malignancies, renal disease. Macrocytic- megaloblastic anemia: Few large cells, filled with hemoglobin due to def of folate or vit B12: SCHILLING TEST FOR PERNICIOUS ANEMIA.

A fecal excretion of ____ grams of fat/24 hours is considered fat malabsorption. a. less than 1 b. more than 7 c. 3-5 d. 2-4

b. more than 7

When counseling a hypertensive patient with limited education, which would be the most appropriate question to ask in assessing her comprehension level? a. do you enjoy salty foods b. name a food that is high in sodium c. do you have difficulty swallowing or chewing d. how many meals and snacks do you consume each day

b. name a food that is high in sodium

A 50 bed hospital has limited kitchen space for refrigeration, dry storage and food production. The most appropriate type of menu is: a. restaurant style b. nonselective c. selective d. single-use

b. nonselective

The BMI for a woman who is 5'7" tall and weighs 148 lbs. indicates: a. underweight b. normal weight c. overweight d. obese

b. normal wt 148/ 67x67 x 70.3 = 23.2

A Dietitian who is developing policies and procedures for nourishment distribution and service should first: a. evaluate the nourishment distribution schedule b. note how nourishments are being distributed and served c. assign the foodservice supervisor the task of gathering data d. review policies and procedure manuals from other facilities

b. note how nourishments are being distributed and served

What change should be made in the following menu if it is to be served to Seventh Day Adventists? tomato juice, cottage cheese, fruit plate or egg salad sandwich, milk, coffee, tea a. offer fortified soy milk b. offer decaffeinated beverages c. offer tofu as an alternative to cottage cheese d. offer a meat analog as an alternative to egg salad

b. offer decaffeinated beverages

Nutrition intervention with Alzheimer's disease should include: a. eating with TV on to provide stimulation b. offer one food at a time, avoid distractions c. encourage eating meals with others d. several small meals and snacks throughout the day

b. offer one food at a time, avoid distractions

Which of the following kitchen layouts will help prevent other employees from walking through the cook's work area? a. plan each work center with its own supply storage areas b. plan work aisles separate form traffic aisles c. position work centers adjacent to the appropriate point of service d. design aisles wide enough to accommodate both

b. plan work aisles separate form traffic aisles

Management by objectives refers to a management process which employs: a. periodic, preplanned, broad objectives b. precise, measurable objectives c. determination of goals by department superiors d. objectives of instruction set by top management

b. precise, measurable objectives

Urea excretion is related to _____, while creatinine excretion is related to ______. a. muscle mass, protein intake b. protein intake, muscle mass c. protein intake, adipose reserves d. protein intake, calcium intake

b. protein intake, muscle mass

The first control in the receiving process is: a. the invoice b. purchase order c. list of items prepared by the vendor d. receipt of items prepared by the vendor

b. purchase order Receiving procedures: Purchase Order (PO) first control in receiving process.

If you are working on a cost benefit analysis you would: a. record the number of patient complaints b. record the number of hours the Dietitian spent providing nutrition education c. record the number of clients who were satisfied with the education provided d. keep a record of all who failed to attend

b. record the number of hours the Dietitian spent providing nutrition education

If there is an increase in input and output, productivity will: a. increase b. remain constant c. decrease d. modulate

b. remain constant

Six sigma improves quality by: a. reducing waste b. removing defects and their causes c. decreasing labor minutes d. reorganizing workflow

b. removing defects and their causes 5. Six Sigma - data-driven approach for improving quality by removing defects and their causes. Sigma statistical unit of measurement used to define standard deviation. Achieving Six Sigma (6 standard deviations from the mean) means there is very little variation in the process. Helps organizations focus on developing and delivering near-perfect products and services. If you can determine how many errors occur in a process, you can systematically determine how to eliminate them and get as close to 0 as possible. DIMAC approach: define,

If a union member repeatedly arrives late, you should... a. fire him b. report him to management c. say nothing but make a note of it d. forget it

b. report him to management

Which of the following items is appropriate for a Muslim diet? a. sweet and sour pork b. salad with imitation bacon bits c. pork-fried rice d. chicken in wine sauce

b. salad with imitation bacon bits

The organization chart: a. is an organized list of duties b. shows the employee how he fits into the organization c. organizes departmental activities d. is an evaluation tool for productivity

b. shows the employee how he fits into the organization

A 60 KG female receives 2700 calories on PN. The calorie to nitrogen ratio is 150:1. How many grams of nitrogen is she getting? a. 14 b. 16 c. 18 d. 20

c. 18 Nitrogen 1gm=150kcal 2700/150=18gms

Iron deficiency anemia has the following characteristics: a. large cells laden with hemoglobin, hypochromic, microcytic b. small, pale cells, hypochromic, microcytic c. large cells laden with hemoglobin, macrocytic, megaloblastic d. small, pale cells, macrocytic, megaloblastic

b. small, pale cells, hypochromic, microcytic

A swallowing test has been ordered for a patient who holds food in his mouth for a long time and is coughing. Which food can he have for dessert? a. ice cream b. smooth pudding c. gelatin d. bread pudding

b. smooth pudding

Spaghetti sauce prepared on Monday is to be served on Wednesday. What should you recommend to the cook? a. cool the sauce and store it in a deep pan b. store the sauce in shallow pans in the refrigerator c. store the sauce in a deep pan in the refrigerator quickly d. cool completely on the counter, then refrigerate

b. store the sauce in shallow pans in the refrigerator cool food in shallow pans.

A patient with dehydration exhibits the symptoms of: a. high blood pressure, dizziness b. sunken eyes, decreased renal function, increased tachycardia c. decreased BUN, decreased serum creatinine d. low blood pressure, low serum sodium

b. sunken eyes, decreased renal function, increased tachycardia

The National Sanitation Foundation standard for equipment construction that is most related to microbiological food safety requires that: a. outside corners are bull-nosed b. surfaces do not have open seams or cracks c. equipment surfaces are without sharp edges d. bolts are securely fastened

b. surfaces do not have open seams or cracks

A client who takes orlistat may need to: a. use MCT as a supplement b. take a multivitamin supplement c. take an omega-3 fatty acid supplement d. avoid caffeinated and carbonated beverages

b. take a multivitamin supplement Orlistat- fat absorption by binding lipase; vit/mineral suppl.

You teach food service workers about pot-washing temperatures. How do you know if the workers then follow the rules? a. ask them to repeat the rules b. test the water temperature at frequent intervals c. ask them to write down the guidelines d. check to see if the pots are clean

b. test the water temperature at frequent intervals

The Healthy People 2020 Goals are an outgrowth of a report by: a. ADA b. the Surgeon General, under HHS c. WHO d. FAO

b. the Surgeon General, under HHS

What is not shown on an organizational chart? a. relationships of positions to one another b. the degree of authority and informal relationships c. advisory responsibilities d. lines of communication

b. the degree of authority and informal relationships

NHANES III increased the number of participants in which age group? a. infants and children b. the elderly c. adolescents d. pregnant women and infants

b. the elderly

Which outcome would justify continuing a WIC program? a. the number of participants enrolled increased b. the infant morbidity rate decreased c. maternal weight gains during pregnancy increased d. the number of diverse cultures participating increased

b. the infant morbidity rate decreased

A blast freezer and rethermalization are part of the: a. the commissary system b. the ready-prepared system c. the assemble serve system d. the conventional system

b. the ready-prepared system 3. ready-prepared (cook-chill, cook-freeze): NOT produced for immediate service but for inventory and subsequent withdrawal. a. foods are prepared ON SITE, then FROZEN, CHILLED for later use; requires BLAST chiller/freezr, adequate storage. b. distinct feature: separation between time of preparation and time of service. c. food may be help for 1-5 days (blast chilling; up to 45 days (tumbled chilled) up to 3-4 months (cook freeze) d. chilled bulk foods should be brought down to 37F in 90 min or less. e. sous vide- process that seals raw, fresh food items in plastic pouches to allow chilled storage and then cooking in boiling water, prior to service. f. rethermalization 1. microwaves 2. convection oven: food heated in bulk; reaches temperature more rapidly. 3. integral heat system (converts electric energy to heat through carbon resistors fused to bottom of dishes) 4. immersion technique: heat pouches of food in boiling water/steamer. g. adv- production schedule more liberal, lower labor dis- cost of large cold storage, freezers and space.

According to Chinese beliefs, foods and herbs that may be used to treat illness are grouped as: a. yin (bright, hot)/yang (dark, cold) b. yin (dark, cold)/Yang (bright, hot) c. action/maintenance d. harmful/beneficial

b. yin (dark, cold)/Yang (bright, hot)

An athlete complains of weakness, rapid weight gain and muscle spasms. What may be the cause? a. lack of adequate rest b. too much exercise c. carbohydrate loading d. not enough iron

c. carbohydrate loading

A nephrotic syndrome patient should receive how many grams of protein per KG? a. .5-.6 b. .6-.8 c. .8-1.0 d. 1.0-1.4

c. .8-1.0 Nephrosis - Nephrotic Syndrome Defect in capillary basement membrane of glomerulus, permits escape of large amt of PRO into filtrate. Albuminuria, edema, hyperlipidemia. (increase synthesis, decrease VLDL). Protein is controlled, fat restricted. <30% fat, 200mg chol. 35kcal/kg/day. Mod sodium restriction (2-3g/day) - hypertension, edema. Calcium 1-1.5g/day, suppl. Vit D. May need fluid restriction with Edema. Abnormalities IRON, COPPER, Zinc, Calcium (related to protein loss).

Which of the following should the patient in the above question have for lunch? (An alcoholic patient has a low serum albumin, low hemoglobin, high ammonia, abnormal liver function tests and ascites.) a. 4 ounces cottage cheese b. 1 ounce cheddar cheese c. 1 ounce roast beef d. 1 ounce cold cuts

c. 1 ounce roast beef (high HBV protein) still has ~400mg Na

Which of the following is the appropriate diet for peritoneal dialysis? a. .8 grams protein, 35 cals/KG b. 2.0 grams protein, 30 cals/KG c. 1.3 grams protein, 35 cals/KG d. 1.0 grams protein, 35 cals/KG

c. 1.3 grams protein, 35 cals/KG PERITONEAL DIALYSIS -1.2-1.3gm/PRO/kg SBW or ABW; >50% HBV -<60y/o 35kcal/kg, >60y/o 30-35kcal 2-3gm Na- based on BP and wt K unrestricted (2-4gm) <2000mg total elemental Ca inc. diet and binders. 800-1000mg phos or 10-15mg phos/g pro 1-3L fluid depending on output, cardiac status CAPD- continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis 4-5x per day. VM as for hemodialysis except thiamin

If an employee works 5 days each week, how many regular employees can be covered by one relief employee? a. 1 1/2 b 2 c. 2 1/2 d. 3

c. 2 1/2 *Look at it this way: Hospitals are open 7 days/week. -Regular employees (call them FTEs or whatever) work 5 days/week and get 2 days off (not necessarily the weekend). - Relief workers cover the 2 days off that "regular" employees don't work. -But relief workers don't just work 2 days each week. They work 5 days each week, too. So by working a 5 day week, the relief worker covers the "days off" of 2.5 regular employees. The answer is always 2.5.

Based on an 8hr day, the number of hours worked was 55,267 per year. The total number of hours paid was 59,995 per year. Calculate the number of productive FTE's. a. 2.27 b. 18.90 c. 26.60 d. 28.80

c. 26.60 Work: 55,267/2080 = 26.60 (FTE/YEAR = Labor hours worked that year/2080 2080 = 40hrs week x 52 weeks a year)

A cafeteria seats 80 customers. Lunch runs from 11:15AM to 1:00PM. Turnover is 2.5 customers/hour. How many can be served during those hours? a. 125 b. 216 c. 350 c. 550

c. 350 Procedure: No. of hrs of service = 1.75 hrs No. of customer = 80 * 2.5 = 200/hr Total Served = 200 * 1.75 = 350

A diabetic needs 1800 calories, 50% from carbohydrates. How many CHO choices can he have at each meal if he has 2 snacks with a 2 CHO choices each? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

c. 4

There are seven foodservice employees in the tray assembly unit. The patient census is 350. If 1 1/2 hours of assembly time is allowed, a feasible productivity goal for the unit is to assemble how many trays per minute? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

c. 4 90mis = 1.5 hour 350/90mins = 3.8

When screening pregnant women for gestational diabetes, the amount of oral glucose used is: a. 25 grams b. 40 grams c. 50 grams d. 100 grams

c. 50 grams

A baker makes a batch of cookies in 18 minutes. What is the maximum number of batches he can make in 2 hours? a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7

c. 6 Work: 2hr x 60min/hr = 120 minutes total 120 minutes/18 per batch = 6.6 total batches

A 140 lb. female on dialysis should have how many grams of protein? a. 38-55 b. 58-63 c. 70-89 d. 30-38

c. 70-89 HEMODIALYSIS -1.2gm/PRO/kg PERITONEAL DIALYSIS -1.2-1.3gm/PRO/kg

Entrée # servings food cost/serving pot roast 70 $1.50 chicken stew 30 .75 spaghetti 40 .60 If the above entrees had been served on Tuesday, how many servings of spaghetti will you need next Tuesday, if you expect to serve 300 total entrees? a. 150 b. 63 c. 87 d. 101

c. 87 Work: 40 spaghetti servings/ 140 total serving of all items = 0.285 x 100 = 28.5% 28.5% x 300/100 = 85.7 or ~ 87

Determine the calorie contribution of carbohydrate from the following parenteral formula. The amounts stated are given per liter. 300 ml 60% dextrose; 500 ml 10% amino acids; 200 ml 20% lipid; Total nutrient mixture administered at 65 ml/hour for 24 hours a. 393 calories per day b. 1550 calories per day c. 955 calories per day d. 1572 calories per day

c. 955 calories per day 65ml x 24 hrs = 1560ml (1.56L) 300ml x .60= 180 x 3.4 x 1.56= 954.72

Who is most at risk for gestational diabetes? a. BMI <30 b. age <25, overweight c. BMI >30, history of GDM d. conception within 10 months of last pregnancy

c. BMI >30, history of GDM

If a patient is about to be discharged when you receive the discharge diet order, you should... a. Give him something to take home b. There is not enough time so forget it c. Enroll him in the Outpatient Clinic and schedule at appointment d. Teach him what you can in the time you have now

c. Enroll him in the Outpatient Clinic and schedule at appointment

Which food items require the highest humidity? a. meat b. dairy c. fruits, vegetables d. poultry

c. fruits, vegetables Fresh Fruit highest humidity - 85-90%

Which group is responsible for nutritional labeling? a. USDA b. US Dept. of Commerce c. FDA d. UPI

c. FDA FDA- regulates nutrient composition of label and ensure safety of foods. c. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) a. Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act (law) - covers all interstate (domestic and imported) food EXCEPT meat, fish, poultry eggs. - inspect food processing factories, raw materials, labeling - inspection of egg substitutes and imitation eggs - monitors INTERSTATE shipping of SHELLFISH - prohibits adulteration - lowering quality by mixing or substituting substances. - prohibits misbranding- use of deceitful or unfair labeling - additives FDA controls any food labeled "imitation" or "substitute"

The Dietitian's analytical skills are needed most in which component of the NSI? a. DETERMINE checklist b. Level I c. Level II d. Level III

c. Level II DETERMINES CHECKLIST-identifies factors placing people at nutritional risk. Elder age above 80. LEVEL I - Identifies those who need more comprehensive assessments. LEVEL II- provides more specific dx info on nutritional status. More serious medical/nutritional problems. *MOST ANALYSTIAL for RD Focus group- 5-12 people brought together to talk about concerns, beliefs, problems. Contributes ATTITUDINAL DATA.

Which is an example of an entitlement program run by the government? a. EFNEP b. SFMNP c. SNAP d. CACFP

c. SNAP SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program- LARGEST FOOD ASSITANCE program; ENTITLEMENT. Low income with monthly benefits, net income must be at or below certain % of poverty level; income limits vary by household size, and are adj to the cost of living. Designed to increase their purchasing power; not for non-food items. Figures are adj to reflect cost of food in Thrifty Food Plan for June of preceding year - LEAST costly of USDA four food plans. SNAP nutrition ED program: provided to program participants. By USDA

A father needs help in feeding his children, ages 6 and 8. Which are the best options? a. WIC and TANF b. Head Start and SNAP c. SNAP and School Lunch d. Commodity Foods and WIC

c. SNAP and School Lunch SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program- LARGEST FOOD ASSITANCE program; ENTITLEMENT. Low income with monthly benefits, net income must be at or below certain % of poverty level; income limits vary by household size, and are adj to the cost of living. Designed to increase their purchasing power; not for non-food items. Figures are adj to reflect cost of food in Thrifty Food Plan for June of preceding year - LEAST costly of USDA four food plans. SNAP nutrition ED program: provided to program participants. By USDA

If a female is hired and does not receive the same pay as a male in the same position, she can seek help from: a. The Equal Opportunity Act b. The Fair Labor Standards Act c. The Equal Pay Act d. The Fair Wage Act

c. The Equal Pay Act Equal Employment Opportunity Act 1972 a. prevents discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, political affiliation, Over seen by EEOC.

Which program teaches good nutrition practices and provides foods with certain nutrients? a. EFNEP b. FFVP c. WIC d. CACFP

c. WIC WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children- for pregnant, postpartum, breast-feeding women, infants, and children up to 5. Food for low income mothers at nutritional (abnormal wt gain, hx of high risk, ht, head circum, in infants, hemoglobin, hematocrit. Provides food, nutrition ED, referrals to other agencies. Health Exam is REQUIRED, must meet income standards, be at nutritional risk, and in need of foods offered foods provided included: iron-fortified formula, cereal, milk, cheese, fruit juice. NOT an entitlement program: cap on the amount of federal $$. PRIORITIES: pregnant and breast-feeding women, infants up to 1 year. WIC FMNP Farmer's Market Nutrition Program: coupons to purchase fresh, locally grown foods at farmer's markets By USDA.

A Rabbi is admitted to the hospital. What question might he ask the Dietitian? a. What time are meals served? b. Who cooks the food? c. What is the mixture of foods in combination dishes? d. Where will I eat?

c. What is the mixture of foods in combination dishes?

The number of work movements between pieces of equipment is indicated on: a. a flow diagram b. a Gantt chart c. a cross chart d. Johari's window

c. a cross chart Cross charts- efficiency of equipment placement, studies work motions, shows # of movements btw pieces and equipment.

A homeless patient who is deficient in all nutrients is to be discharged. What organization may help? a. WIC b. EFNEP c. a social services organization d. a shelter for the homeless

c. a local social services organization

If you were an employee and member of the union, and were involved in initial labor dispute talks, you would be called: a. an arbitrator b. a mediator c. a shop steward d. a union agent

c. a shop steward union stewards- employee represents fellow employees as the union rep. DOES NOT GET EXTRA PAY

An obese person with Type 2 diabetes should: a. time meals b. decrease the frequency of feedings c. achieve DBW d. increase the frequency of feedings

c. achieve DBW

Which is an example of line authority? a. a part time consultant for WIC b. consulting Dietitian for an outpatient department c. an administrative Dietitian in a 600 bed hospital d. a consulting Dietitian for a nursing home

c. an administrative Dietitian in a 600 bed hospital

In reviewing the patient's medical record, you note a hemoglobin of 10 g/dl and an MCV of 110 cu mm. You should document: a. anemia due to intrinsic factor b. anemia without nutritional implications c. anemia with larger than normal erythrocytes d. that the iron content of the diet should be increased

c. anemia with larger than normal erythrocytes Hgb-M 14-17gm/dl, F 12-15gm/dl, pregnant >11. Iron-containing pigment of RBC, erythrocytes are produced in bone marrow.

The drug methylphenidate may have the adverse effect of: a. increased excretion of folate requiring supplementation b. type 2 diabetes c. anorexia affecting growth d. involuntary weight gain

c. anorexia affecting growth Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Anorexia, wt loss, nausea

Which bill requests government funding? a. budget bill b. markup bill c. appropriations bill d. spending grant bill

c. appropriations bill Appropriations bill must be passed to provide funding.

Which would you recommend to a Mexican American on a low fat diet? a. low fat cottage cheese b. skim milk c. beans and rice d. low fat yogurt

c. beans and rice

Which additive improves crispness in vegetables? a. BHA b. BHT c. calcium d. pectin

c. calcium Calcium compounds are additives used as humectants, retain moisture, increase firmness, tenderness

When does a breakeven point increase? a. when sales decrease b. when profits decrease c. when profits increase d. when costs increase

d. when costs increase

A child with PKU can eat: a. spaghetti with tomato sauce b. vanilla ice cream c. carrots and celery sticks d. aspartame-sweetened gelatin

c. carrots and celery sticks Phenylketonuria- PKU Missing enzyme- PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE- converts phenylalanine into tyrosine; phenylalanine and metabolites accumulate leading to poor intellectual fx. Detected by Guthrie Blood Test. Diet: restrict substrate phenylalanine (PHE), suppl. With tyrosine (TYR). Tyrosine becomes a conditional amino acid. Low in phenylalanine, but provide enough to promote normal growth. AVOID ASPARTAME. Children with PKU have cavities. Formula Phenex 1-2, Phenyl-free 1,2.

Catecholamines have what physiological effect? a. induce diuresis b. cause hypoglycemia c. cause sodium retention d. cause potassium retention

c. cause sodium retention Three catecholamines — dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine — serve as neurotransmitters in brain.

Which of the following may help decrease cavities? a. raisins b. carrots c. cheese d. yogurt

c. cheese Dental caries- bacterial enzymes ferment carb deposits on plaque, enzymes produce acids. Low cariogenic potential foods: high protein, mod fat, min conc of fermentable CHO, strong buffer, high mineral content (Ca, P), pH >6 stimulates saliva. Sorbitol- does not cause cavities. Fluorine- can control caries. Fluorosis- excessive fluoride. Cheese is low pH.

Which of the following has a slow onset and is anaerobic? a. staphylococcus aureus b. clostridium perfringens c. clostridium botulinum d. salmonella

c. clostridium botulinum

How does a new supervisor gain respect? a. show employees different ways to do their job b. work with a different employee each day c. communicate regularly with them to keep them informed d. smile a lot

c. communicate regularly with them to keep them informed

A dietitian ordering canned goods can be assured of a reliable product if they: a. buy directly for the manufacturer b. accept the most reasonable bid c. conduct a can cutting analysis d. buy the same brand, grade, size as the last time

c. conduct a can cutting analysis

A renal patient has come for dialysis on Monday morning with a serum sodium of 130 mEq/L, a BUN of 100 mg/dl, creatinine 8.0, and a 4 KG weight gain since his last dialysis on Friday morning. His laboratory indicators were in acceptable ranges on Friday afternoon. What would you expect happened over the weekend? a. consumed too little sodium, too much water, too little protein b. consumed too little sodium, not enough water, too much protein c. consumed too much sodium, too much water, too much protein d. consumed too much sodium, too little water, too little protein

c. consumed too much sodium, too much water, too much protein

The management function in which performance is measured and corrective action is taken to ensure accomplishment of an organization goal is know as: a. planning b. directing c. controlling d. organizing

c. controlling Controlling and Evaluating- measure present performance against standard performance. Determine if goal is reached. ON-GOING PROCESS. Shows strength/weakness, solves problem. STEPS:

Which of the following food service systems has the lowest labor cost? a. cook freeze b. cook chill c. convenience d. conventional

c. convenience (AKA: assembly-serve) *Fewer employee RQ

Which of the following is a medium fat protein? a. peanut butter b. tunafish packed in water c. corned beef d. chicken without skin

c. corned beef

The food service director who wants to hire a dietitian should first: a. publish a job listing in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition b. screen potential applicants to determine who has an RD credential c. develop a job description and specification for the position d. review dietitian's resumes on file

c. develop a job description and specification for the position

The steps in planning community based nutrition programs are: a. goals, develop mission statement, objectives b. develop measurable goals, develop mission statement c. develop mission statement, goals and measurable objectives d. goals, objectives, develop mission statement

c. develop mission statement, goals and measurable objectives

Which management function should require the greatest allotment of time by a production manager? a. planning and organizing b. organizing and directing c. directing and controlling d. organizing and controlling

c. directing and controlling

Good advice for a patient with a hiatal hernia is to: a. increase intake of complex carbohydrates b. lower the fat content of the diet c. don't eat before bed d. avoid coffee

c. don't eat before bed

When determining the labor turnover rate in one period look at the number of: a. employees at the beginning of the period and the number of new employees b. employees at the beginning of the period and the number who left c. employees at the end of the period and the number of new employees d. the number of employees at the end of the period and the number who left

c. employees at the end of the period and the number of new employees Ex: At the end of a 6month period, there were 80 positions in the dept. During that time, 18 employee were terminated and replaced. What is the labor turnover rate? *18/80 = 22.5% turnover Use the # of NEW employees at end of period

The span of control refers to the number of: a. supervisors b. part-time employees c. employees under the direction of one person d. staff positions

c. employees under the direction of one person Span of control- # of individuals or dept. under the direction of ONE individual

An annual audit shows that you have successfully met the indicator "95% of high risk patients are assessed within 24 hours of admission." The next step is to: a. establish a new indicator b. report the successful completion of intervention c. evaluate the need to continue monitoring the indicator d. evaluate the need to revise the standard of care

c. evaluate the need to continue monitoring the indicator

What is the first thing you should do if an employee frequently comes to work without the proper uniform? a. fire him b. give him a written warning c. find out why d. give him a warning, and fire him the next time it happens

c. find out why

To maintain hydration during continuous endurance physical activity of 4 hours, consume: a. fluids b. fluids and sodium c. fluids, sodium, carbohydrates d. non-CHO electrolytes solutions

c. fluids, sodium, carbohydrates

Which test helps you determine if a diabetic has been following his diet? a. blood glucose b. urine ketones c. glycosylated hemoglobin d. urine sugar

c. glycosylated hemoglobin Glycosylated (glycated) hemoglobin (HbA1C) - measures the % of hemoglobin that is hanging on to glucose. (2-3 months). GOAL for DM: <7.0%, at risk of developing DM: 5.7-6.4%. High concentration of glucose forms chemical bond with hemoglobin- the longer the BG is high, the higher the A1C.

Increased serum uric acid levels may lead to: a. galactosemia b. glycogen storage disease c. gout d. PKU

c. gout Gout- disorder of purine metabolism Increased serum uric acid; deposit in joints cause pain, swelling. Diet: low purine may not be effective; may need wt reduction. Mod protein, liberal carb, low-mod fat, decrease alcohol, avoid PURINE FOODS (broth, anchovies, sardines, organ meats, sweetbreads, herrings, mackerel). Meds: urate eliminant, colchicine). Body makes purines.

A patient is diagnosed with iatrogenic malnutrition. Nutritional therapy should be: a. high calorie b. high protein c. high calorie, high protein d. low calorie, high protein

c. high calorie, high protein Iatrogenic malnutrition- protein-calorie malnutrition. Brough on by treatment, hospital, meds.

Compared to human milk, commercially prepared infant formula is: a. similar in nutrient content b. equivalent to human milk in nutrient content and antibodies c. higher in protein and iron but lacks antibodies d. lower in protein and iron and lacks antibodies

c. higher in protein and iron but lacks antibodies

An elevated T4 indicates: a. galactosemia b. hypothyroidism c. hyperthyroidism d. ketonuria

c. hyperthyroidism

An alcoholic patient has a low serum albumin, low hemoglobin, high ammonia, abnormal liver function tests and ascites. Why is he on a 500 mg sodium diet? a. secondary renal failure b. hypoaldosteronism c. hypoalbuminemia d. hyperammonemia

c. hypoalbumineima (causes: can be caused by various conditions, including nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis, heart failure, and malnutrition)

Before discontinuing a parenteral feeding, provide enteral support to prevent: a. development of a fatty liver b. ketoacidosis c. hypoglycemia d. hepatic encephalopathy

c. hypoglycemia

A PN patient is receiving 45 calories/KG. What may be the result? a. hypocalcemia b. hyperkalemia c. hypokalemia d. hyperphosphatemia

c. hypokalemia re-feeding syndrome?

Cystic Fibrosis patients may present with: a. hypernatremia b. hyperglycemia c. hyponatremia d. hyperkalemia

c. hyponatremia Hyponatremia occurs when the concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low

Which of the following would be classified as NB in the NCP? a. hypermetabolism b. inadequate enteral intake c. impaired ability to prepare foods d. excessive protein intake

c. impaired ability to prepare foods Behavioral-environment NB: problems related to knowledge, access to food and food safety 1.knowledge and beliefs: knowledge deficit, harmful beliefs, disordered eating pattern, undesirable food choices. 2.Physical activity balance and function: inactivity, excessive exercise, impaired ability to prepare foods 3. Food safety and access

What would you first advise a constipated patient to do? a. take a mild laxative b. eat less fat c. increase fluids and fiber intake d. eat more protein

c. increase fluids and fiber intake

A talented catering employee is always requested by customers, but the employee is frequently absent. The manager should: a. give the employee multiple warnings b. ignore the employee's absences c. initiate progressive disciplinary procedures d. require a physician's statement after each absence

c. initiate progressive disciplinary procedures

A flexible monthly-budget would be recommended for a hospital which: a. expects no change in expenses or revenue b. expects to be at 90% occupancy c. is planning to close some of its wings for renovation for three months d. has less than 100 employees

c. is planning to close some of its wings for renovation for three months 4. Flexible budget- adjusted to various level of operation with varying levels of sales/revenue through year (changes in pt count) a. gives $ range LOW to HIGH level

A patient with hepatitis needs a high protein intake. Besides helping the liver to regenerate, what other purpose is served? a. it helps increase iron absorption b. it restores glycogen reserves c. it helps prevent a fatty liver d. it helps prevent necrosis of the liver

c. it helps prevent a fatty liver

Which of the following best describes a cash-flow budget? a. it outlines the assets b. it outlines expenditures and assets c. it is an estimate of income and expenditures over time d. it compares assets to liabilities

c. it is an estimate of income and expenditures over time

Which is true with osteoporosis? a. it is more common in men than in women b. it is treated with 500 mg calcium per day c. it is common in those 65 years of age and older d. weight bearing exercise exacerbates the problem

c. it is common in those 65 years of age and older

All of the following are operational cost except: a. utilities b. cleaning c. labor cost d. laundry service

c. labor cost

A common result of treating an AIDS patient with zidovudine is? a. diarrhea b. constipation c. macrocytic anemia d. hypokalemia

c. macrocytic anemia

What is the best way to prevent contamination of food? a. freeze it b. freeze it in sterile packages c. make employee wash hands frequently d. wash countertops regularly with sanitizing agents

c. make employee wash hands frequently

A press conference announcing you new business is a. advertising b. networking c. media promotion d. personal selling

c. media promotion

Which is a measure of somatic protein? a. serum albumin b. serum transferrin c. mid-arm muscle circumference d. triceps skinfold

c. mid-arm muscle circumference

Nutritional advice to a parent with a child with autism spectrum disorder should include: a. oral supplements between meals b. high sodium, high fiber foods c. normal intake based on age d. low fiber, high calories

c. normal intake based on age

The first step in implementation of a community based program is: a. obtain support from staff members b. prepare a realistic budget based on goals and objectives c. obtain administrative support d. reach out to the target population

c. obtain administrative support

A critically ill patient will likely need hospitalization for many days. When should the discharge plan begin? a. as soon as it is known when the patient will be discharged b. once the patient is stable c. on the first day of admission d. at least two days prior to discharge

c. on the first day of admission

What type of leadership style is shown with a circular organizational chart? a. democratic b. autocratic c. participative d. bureaucratic

c. participative 1.autocratic - demands obedience, most control, full responsibility 2.consultative- asks for input, but makes final decision alone. 3.bureaucratic-by the book, follows procedures to the letter. 4. participative- emerging trend in management. Encourage workers to participate in decision making. 5.democratic- accepts decision made by the group 6. free rein (laissez-faire) - least control

A Crohn's patient who was previously well-nourished has a fever and ileus 7 days PO. Which feeding method should you recommend? a. central venous hyperalimentation b. full liquids c. peripheral IV infusion d. half-strength tube feeding

c. peripheral IV infusion - Mod to sev malnutrition pt with prolonged GI dysfx. - Critically ill hemodynamically stable with paralytic ileus, acute GI bleed, bowel obstruction. - Only malnourished cancer pt on therapy who are anticipated to be unable to ingest and absorb adequate nutrients - Cancer pt unable to eat/ingest nutrients for 7-4 days. Ileus- a painful obstruction of the ileum or other part of the intestine.

A primary use of the Dietary Reference Intakes is to: a. calculate parenteral nutrition requirements b. assess nutrient intakes of at-risk populations c. plan menus for healthy people d. educate an individual with hyperlipidemia

c. plan menus for healthy people Dietary Reference Intakes; DRI- umbrella of nutrient guidelines.

The major function of management is: a. forecasting b. actuating c. planning d. organizing

c. planning

An example of a "Healthy People 2020" goal is: a. a decrease in saturated fat consumption b. an increase in iron intake c. promote healthy behaviors across every stage of life d. an increase in the intake of complex carbohydrates

c. promote healthy behaviors across every stage of life

The oral-glucose lowering medication Glucotrol: a. enhanced insulin action b. inhibits enzymes that digest carbohydrate c. promotes insulin secretion d. decreases glucagon production

c. promotes insulin secretion Insulin secreatagogues (promotes insulin secretion) Sulfonylureas Glipizide (Glucotrol), meglitinides Glinides (Prandin)

A tactic that increase the sale of services through public is known as: a. pricing b. targeting c. promotion d. segmentation

c. promotion

Publicity is a component of which part of the marketing mix? a. product b. place c. promotion d. price

c. promotion 1. Product- good, service, idea 2. Place- where it is offered 3. Price 4. Promotion- increase or renew awareness, short term - Publicity, news releases- info about your product sent to media, radio

You are asked to develop quality control guidelines for receiving purchased foods. The most important guideline would be: a. proper counts of the foods received b. proper weights of the foods received c. proper temperatures of the foods received d. accurate prices on the invoice

c. proper temperatures of the foods received

Which of the following may result in hypoalbuminemia? a. amino acid supplementation prior to surgery b. a high protein diet with inadequate water c. providing only a 5% dextrose in water solution after stress d. giving a trauma patient enteral feeding only

c. providing only a 5% dextrose in water solution after stress

An infant with acute diarrhea should receive: a. glucose and electrolytes only for the first 24 hours b. a half-strength formula until the diarrhea stops c. rehydration within 4-6 hours d. a formula that is low in fiber

c. rehydration within 4-6 hours

A tube fed patient develops diarrhea. What needs to be done first? a. review their nutritional needs b. increase the rate of the feeding c. review the osmolality of the feeding d. discontinue the feeding until the diarrhea stops

c. review the osmolality of the feeding

Illness due to Bacillus cereus is due to contaminated: a. dairy products b. eggs c. rice products and starchy food d. fruit

c. rice products and starchy food

OSHA requires documentation on the use of the following: a. latex gloves b. respiratory masks c. safety goggles d. hairnets

c. safety goggles

Use separate cutting boards for raw chicken and vegetables to avoid illness due to: a. clostridium botulinum b. clostridium perfringens c. salmonella d. streptococcus

c. salmonella

Which supplements are recommended with peritoneal dialysis a. same as those for hemodialysis b. only the water-soluble vitamins c. same as those for hemodialysis plus thiamin d. only iron and folate

c. same as those for hemodialysis plus thiamin

Which is not included in a subjective global assessment? a. dietary intake information from a 24 hour recall b. information from patient regarding weight changes c. serum albumin levels d. physical appearance

c. serum albumin levels

Which is most characteristic of marasmus? a. serum albumin of 2.5 g/dl b. edema c. severe fat and muscle wasting d. decreased lymphocytes

c. severe fat and muscle wasting

How do you convince Administration that a former nutrition program should be reinstated? a. show that 95% of patients enjoyed the program b. show that 85% of those who attended came to all sessions c. show that 75% of those who attended had fewer hospital stays d. show that only 10% felt the program was not worthwhile

c. show that 75% of those who attended had fewer hospital stays

Which of the following extinguishers is best to use on a grease fire? a. triangle symbol b. circle symbol c. square symbol d. inverted triangle symbol

c. square symbol 3. Fire Safety - fires release carbon monoxide CO a. Class A - (symbol) - ordinary combustible materials, wood, paper, cloth. b. Class B - (symbol) - flammable liquids, gases, greases (typically found in food service) c. Class C - (symbol) - live electrical fires

Four hours after eating you develop nausea and diarrhea without fever. The cause may be: a. streptococcus b. clostridium botulinum c. staphylococcus aureus d. clostridium perfringens

c. staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus Aureus - grows best in 70-97F - Found in humans- nose, hands, intestines, cuts, sores - enters through handling or contact with contaminated surface. - Not destroyed by cooking. Reheated foods, high in protein, meat, poultry, eggs, milk products, stuffing, prepared salads. - 1 - 7 hours after ingestion: nausea, vomiting, pain, diarrhea, NO FEVER. - avoid - wash hands, chill food quickly, cool food in shallow pans.

The cleanliness of on-line steam is not an issue when purchasing a: a. convection steamer b. combination oven c. steam-jacketed kettle d. compartment steamer

c. steam-jacketed kettle NOTE: Steak on a GRILL or meat BRAISING in a steam-jacketed kettle uses both conduction and radiation.

A pan of au gratin potatoes has been cooked to an endpoint temperature of 140'F. Serving is scheduled to begin in 10 minutes. You should: a. delay serving until the potatoes are done b. begin service without the potatoes and deliver them when done c. substitute mashed potatoes until the au gratin are done d. complete the cooking process in the hot holding unit

c. substitute mashed potatoes until the au gratin are done

Which of the following would be classified as NC in the NCP? a. inadequate vitamin intake b. limited access to food c. swallowing difficulty d. inappropriate intake of food fats

c. swallowing difficulty

What can an employer do regarding an employee who wishes to join the union? a. prevent him from going to the union b. talk to him against the union c. tell him about union dues d. tell him he may lose his job if he goes

c. tell him about union dues

What is the most effective tool for providing nutrition education to the community? a. the RDI's b. the Healthy People 2020 report c. the MyPlate Food Guidance System d. The Healthy Eating Index

c. the MyPlate Food Guidance System

Which would be the best tool for rating food in a pediatric hospital? a. the triangle test b. paired comparison test c. the facial hedonic scale d. the paired preference test

c. the facial hedonic scale

A hospital administrator would be most concerned with: a. the increase in the number of elderly admissions b. the increasing growth of outpatient services c. the increase in patient's length of stay d. the increase in diabetic admissions

c. the increase in patient's length of stay

Which process results in creative, prioritized decision-making? a. a focus group b. the Delphi technique c. the nominal group technique d. operational analysis

c. the nominal group technique Nominal group technique= Delbecq (generate innovative, creative ideas) Problem solving technique. 1. more structure and controlled than ordinary brainstorming group 2. authoritative leader, controlled interactions, closely focused goals, ridged enforced procedures, responses strictly controlled by leader. 3. often sit in horseshoe formation: silent generation of ideas by participants. 4. round robin reporting- leader record ideas 5. group RANKS items in priority order; vote for final decision.

Which of the following is a unpaid employee who represents other union workers? a. a mediator b. the department head c. the shop steward d. the bargaining agent

c. the shop steward union stewards- employee represents fellow employees as the union rep. DOES NOT GET EXTRA PAY

What best measures excess calorie reserves? a. weight b. creatinine c. triceps skinfold d. arm circumference

c. triceps skinfold

Which of the following indicates protein calorie malnutrition? a. creatinine height index of 93% b. height for weight ratio of 89% c. triceps skinfold and arm muscle circumference of 79% d. serum albumin of 4.5; transferrin of 410

c. triceps skinfold and arm muscle circumference of 79% Test Gender Normal values Triceps skinfold (TSF) Male 11-12.5 mm Female 15-16.5 mm Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) Male 26-29 cm Female 26-28.5 cm

To increase the number of patrons served in the cafeteria during the lunch meal: a. increase the number of cafeteria employees b. add a second tray line c. use the scramble system d. add another cashier

c. use the scramble system hollow square, free-flow, scramble (feeds large amount of people about 25/min once they learn the routine. Used with repeat customers (employee or school cafeteria) if the scramble is too slow, add food stations.

To reduce the budget, first look at: a. menu costs b. fixed costs c. variable costs d. semi-variable costs

c. variable costs

A patient with a redundant ileum may develop a deficiency of: a. fat-soluble vitamins b. folic acid c. vitamin B12 d. vitamin K

c. vitamin B12 A redundant colon is an abnormally long colon that also has additional loops or twists.

Which of the following affects bioelectrical impedance analysis? a. adipose stores b. muscle mass c. water d. protein stores

c. water BIA bioelectrical impedance analysis, used at bedside to evaluate fat free mass and total body water (usefulness in critical illness may be limited). Must be well hydrated, no caffeine, alcohol, or diuretics in past 24 hrs, no exercise in 4-6hrs. Fever, electrolyte imbalance and extreme obesity may affect reliability.

When can a citizen have impact on a bill? a. during debate in the Senate b. when the bill goes to committee c. when the bill is in public hearings d. during debate in the House

c. when the bill is in public hearings

You find out that next year's budget will change by the following: 10% increase in labor cost; 5% increase in food cost; 2% increase in overhead. What will the total budget be if the following info is from the current year? Labor costs $100,000 Food cost $100,000 Overhead cost $40,000 a. $156,800 b. $234,800 c. $267,000 d. $255,800

d. $255,800 Work: - Labor costs $100,000 x .10 = $10,000 (additional) + $100,000 = $110,000 (total labor cost) - Food cost $100,000 x .05 = $5,000 (additional) + $100,000 = $105,000 (total food cost) - Overhead cost $40,000 x .02 =$800 (additional) + $40,000 =$40,800 (total overhead cost) $110,000 + $105,000 + $40,800 = $255,800 Total next yr

A patient receives 4 ounces whole milk and 6 graham crackers as a snack. Which of the following substitutes would lower the glycemic index? a. skim milk in place of whole milk b. fruit juice in place of whole milk c. 12 saltines in place of 6 graham crackers d. 1 T peanut butter in place of 3 graham crackers

d. 1 T peanut butter in place of 3 graham crackers

Which of the following would be appropriate for a hemodialysis patient on a 60 gram protein diet, with 75% from HBV protein? a. 2 eggs, 2 ounces chicken, 3 ounces beef, 1/2 cup milk b. 1 egg, 2 ounces chicken, 3 slices bread, 3 ounces beef c. 2 eggs, 3 ounces chicken, 3 ounces beef, 1 cup milk d. 1 egg, 3 ounces chicken, 2 cups milk, 5 slices bread

d. 1 egg, 3 ounces chicken, 2 cups milk, 5 slices bread 5 x 3 = 15gmPRO from bread 59gmPro from chicken and 1 egg 59-15= 44 44/59=75%

A patient with severe acute pancreatitis experiences nausea and vomiting and requires 2500 calories/day. Which of the following would you recommend? a. 3000 cc of a 1 cal/cc tube feeding through the jejunum b. 1500 cc of a 2 cal/cc nasogastric tube feeding c. 1000 cc of D50W, 1000 cc of 7% amino acids, 650 cc of 20% lipids d. 1000 cc of D50W, 1000 cc of 7% amino acids, 500 cc of 10% lipids

d. 1000 cc of D50W, 1000 cc of 7% amino acids, 500 cc of 10% lipids 1000x.50x3.4=1700 1000x.07x4=280 500x.10x10=500 1700+ 280+500= 2480

What is the inventory turnover rate? Net profit $41,137 Cost of goods sold $145,350 Average inventory value $7330 Total meals served per day 200 a. 205.68 b. 726.75 c. 5.6 d. 19.83

d. 19.83 Explanation: The inventory turnover rate is determined by dividing the cost of goods sold by the average inventory. 145,350/7,330 = 19.83.

A standing height should first be obtained when an infant is how many months old? a. 18 b. 20 c. 22 d. 24

d. 24

Approximately how many patient trays per minute must a centralized tray assembly unit produce in order to serve 400 patients during 90 minutes? a. 3 b. 3.5 c. 4 d. 4.5

d. 4.5 Work: 400 trays/90min = 4.44 or `~4.5 trays/min

Which of the following lab values would most likely indicate that dialysis in necessary? Serum creatinine mg/dl BUN mg/dl a. 2.0 80 b. 3.0 90 c. 4.0 100 d. 6.0 70

d. 6.0 70 BUN:creatinine ratio of >20:1 indicates PRE-RENAL STATE BUN reabsorption is increased due to acute kidney damage (may be reversible/may not require dialysis). BUN:creatinine ration of <10:1 reduced BUN reabsorption due to renal damage (may need dialysis).

The width of a main kitchen aisle should be: a. 24" b. 36" c. 48" d. 60"

d. 60" c. cafeteria: - 18" between chairs; tables 4-5' part - serving width 14': 4' patron lane, 1' tray slide, 2' counter width, 4 ½ ' workers, 2 ½ ' back-bar. - employee dining 12 sq. per person d. kitchen - aisle space: lane with 1 person = 35-42" lane with >1 person or where mobile equipment passes throgh = 48-52" main traffic lane = 60" e. floor area: 20-30 sq ft per bed f. optimum counter height: heavy work 36" light work 37-41" g. min of 6" between floor and bottom of heavy duty equipment for cleaning i. 12-24" clearance of heavy equipment form wall.

Referring to the above patient, how much additional water should be provided per hour? (A patient weighing 104 KG is placed on a 1.5 cal/ml formula with 75% free water, 54 grams protein/L. He needs 3000 calories per day.) a. 52 ml b. 89 ml c. 78.5 ml d. 64 ml

d. 64ml o, 3000 kcal/1.5/ml = 2000 mL. 54 grams protein on 1000mL (1 L), as he needs 2000mL (2L) multiply by 2 = 108 Additional water: 2000ml x.75=1500 from formula 3000 needed total - 1500 from formula = 1500 additional /24 hrs= 62.5 This question is a little bit confused. The calculations of question 467 don't match with answer from Inman.

How much hamburger will it take to make 300 three oz. patties with a 20% shrinkage? a. 52# b. 68# c. 90# d. 70#

d. 70# Procedure: Step 1: Portion size (3oz. patties) x # of servings (300) = 900 oz. *Convert to # -->900oz/160z = 56.25# EP Step 2: Amount to purchase *Shrinkage 20% % yield: 100 - 20 = 80% So, 56.25# EP/ 0.80 = 70.31 or ~70#

A patient receives an enteral feeding providing 1 cal/ml from 8pm until 9am. What rate is needed to provide 1200 calories in 24 hours? a. 75 ml/hour b. 79 ml/hour c. 87 ml/hour d. 92 ml/hour

d. 92 ml/hour 1200kcal/13hours = 92.3

Which diet follows the AHA recommendations for healthy hearts? a. 25-30% calories from fat, <10% saturated fats, <200 mg cholesterol b. <_ 35% calories from fat, <2 grams sodium, <200 mg cholesterol c. 25-30% calories from fat, <10% saturated fats, <200 mg cholesterol, 5-10% MUFA, 20% PUFA d. <_ 35% calories from fat, <7% saturated fats, 5-10% PUFA, up to 20% MUFA, <200 mg cholesterol

d. <_ 35% calories from fat, <7% saturated fats, 5-10% PUFA, up to 20% MUFA, <200 mg cholesterol

Which of the following is not a governmental agency? a. Health and Human Services b. Food and Drug Administration c. Food and Nutrition Board d. American Heart Association

d. American Heart Association

A family enrolled in the SNAP program is unsure of the best way to plan meals and budget. Refer them to: a. a congregate meal site b. TANF c. WIC d. EFNEP

d. EFNEP

The interstate shipping of shellfish is monitored by the: a. DHHS b. USDA c. Department of Commerce d. FDA

d. FDA

Which organization regulates the irradiation of foods? a. DHHS b. USDA c. Department of Commerce Marine Fisheries Service d. FDA

d. FDA Irradiation - cold sterilization (temp of food does not rise much even though large amounts of energy are used). - To prevent off-flavors in meat, irradiate frozen. - Approved by FDA for spices, beef, lamb, portk, poultry, wheat, potatoes. - Kills most harmful bacteria in foods other than milk

The theory that a person must perceive the severity of a condition, and that making a change may help him prevent the condition from occurring is the: a. Stages of Change Model b. Diffusion of Innovation Model c. Theory of Planned Behavior d. Health Belief Model

d. Health Belief Model Health Belief Model - Person must perceive the severity of the threat. Susceptibility- obesity puts me at risk of heart disease? Impact- heart disease will impede my ability to work. Advantage of change- greater mobility. Appraisal of barriers- I don't like exercise. Self-efficacy- I can join the gym close to work.

The dumping syndrome: I. follows a gastrectomy II. is secondary to carbohydrate overload III. draws fluid into the intestine IV. needs a high carbohydrate diet a. I, III, IV b. II, III, IV c. I d. I, II, III

d. I, II, III I. follows a gastrectomy II. is secondary to carbohydrate overload III. draws fluid into the intestine

Who resolves differences in bills from the House and the Senate? a. House committee b. Senate committee c. Committee on resolutions d. Joint conference committee of the House and Senate

d. Joint conference committee of the House and Senate JOINT HOUSE- SENATE CONFERENCE COMMITTEE, passing a reconciliation bill.

The program that provides nutrition education training to teachers and food service personnel is the: a. TEFAP b. CACFP c. EFNEP d. NETP

d. NETP NETP Nutrition Education and Training Program-Amendment to School Lunch Act, provides nutrition ED training to teachers and school foodservice personnel BY USDA CACFP Child and Adult Care Food Program- Supports public/non-profit food service program for family day care centers, shelters, low income house, adult day care centers. Reimburses operators for meal costs, provides commodity foods and nutrition ED materials. Meals must meet guidelines; offer free/reduced price to eligible. By USDA, eligibility same as NSLP

Which of the following is an achievable outcome for a weight loss program? a. Promote desirable body weight among young adults b. Increase by 25% the number of physicians who refer patients for weight-management counseling c. Screen and refer for treatment within two years those whose body weight is 10% above desirable. d. Reduce by 10% the number of obese adults, ages 25-49, within two years of starting the program.

d. Reduce by 10% the number of obese adults, ages 25-49, within two years of starting the program.

What can be done to lower the respiratory quotient of a tube fed pulmonary patient? a. add MCT oil to decrease energy required for growth b. change the type of fat to improve oxygen exchange c. add carbohydrate to decrease the respiratory quotient d. add a fat emulsion to replace some of the carbohydrate

d. add a fat emulsion to replace some of the carbohydrate Respiratory Quotients RQ= VCO2 carbon dioxide expired/VO2 oxygen consumed RQ- Depends on the mixture being metabolized. To lower RQ decrease FAT intake.

Employees complain the performance appraisal process is highly subjective and unfair. The Manager should prepare objectives that: a. meet the mission and goals of the department b. are developed with input from the employees c. emphasize the employee's best skills d. are clear and reasonable

d. are clear and reasonable

An outpatient would like to take vitamin C supplements. You should: a. ignore the request and talk about incorporating better balanced foods into her diet b. ignore her request and advise her to drink more juices c. explain the dangers of taking too much vitamin C d. ask her to keep a food diary to see where she is lacking

d. ask her to keep a food diary to see where she is lacking

A Diet Aide was injured in a car accident and is still not able to perform a majority of her duties after a period of recuperation. To comply with the American with Disabilities Act, the manager should: a. create a new position that the employee can perform b. transfer the employee to another department c. hire another employee to assist the Diet Aide d. ask the employee to provide written recommendations from their physician

d. ask the employee to provide written recommendations from their physician

An example of self-actualization is: a. breathing unassisted b. companionship c. safety d. asking for additional training

d. asking for additional training Self-realization- self-actualization (realizing your potential growth using creative talents); adv training; job enrichment.

Which is the least time efficient way for a Dietitian to evaluate a new piece of equipment for purchase? a. read specifications provided by the manufacturer b. discuss it with other Dietitians via telephone c. meet with the company representatives d. attend food service trade fairs

d. attend food service trade fairs

A patient on parenteral support develops sepsis. What is the likely cause? a. lack of immune-enhancing nutrients b. poor care of the entry site c. related to the condition that created the need for parenteral support d. bacterial translocation

d. bacterial translocation

What diet is typically recommended for a patient who has undergone a gastrectomy? a. low fiber foods and two glasses of milk each day b. high fiber foods and restriction of fluids with meals c. carbohydrate, protein and fat at each meal, and no dairy products d. carbohydrate, protein and fat at each meal, and restriction of fluids with meals

d. carbohydrate, protein and fat at each meal, and restriction of fluids with meals

The Dietitian review a monitoring sheet for a dairy refrigerator at 9AM on Wednesday. What should the initial action be? Monday 5:30AM 36F 6PM 40F Tuesday 5:30AM 38F 6PM 44F Wed 5:30AM 48F a. discard the products immediately b. review the temperature with the maintenance dept. c. monitor the temperature every 4 hrs d. check the temp of the products

d. check the temp of the products

When instructing a patient on diet therapy needed during intake of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, which would not be included? a. milk, cottage cheese, yogurt b. yogurt, ricotta cheese c. swiss cheese, yogurt d. cheddar cheese, swiss cheese

d. cheddar cheese, swiss cheese monoamine oxidase inhinbitor). Eliminate dopamine and restric tyramine (monoamines). MAO inhibitors interact releasing norepinephrine, elevates BP. Restrict aged fermented, dried, pickled, smoked, spoiled foods. Avoid hard, aged cheese (cheddar, swiss), sauerkraut, some sausages, luncheon meats, tofu, miso, chianti wine. Limit sour cream, yogurt, buttermilk. OK: cottage cheese, cream cheese. Good advise: buy, cook, eat fresh foods. Curcumin- turmeric may reduce inflammation, antioxidant, in curry powder

The kitchen floor will be changed. What do you recommend? a. asphalt tiles b. terrazzo c. concrete blocks d. clay tiles

d. clay tiles unglazed red clay tiles, quarry tiles, highly reco for kitchen and heavy traffic.

Food was held at 70 F for a long time in ANAEROBIC conditions. Eight hrs after eating it you become ill. What is the culprit? a. salmonella b. staphylococcus c. campylobacter jejuni d. clostridium perfringens

d. clostridium perfringens

A viscosimeter measures: a. temperature b. pH c. stability d. consistency

d. consistency

A manager asks for input and advice from several employees on a situation. He then makes a decision which may or may not reflect the input provided by the employees. He is using what leadership decision-making style? a. democratic b. autocratic c. group d. consultative

d. consultative consultative- asks for input, but makes final decision alone.

If a food service reconstitutes frozen food that is made on site, what type of production system is it? a. convenience b. conventional c. satellite d. cook-freeze

d. cook-freeze (Ready-prepared food service system) ready-prepared (cook-chill, cook-freeze): NOT produced for immediate service but for inventory and subsequent withdrawal. a. foods are prepared ON SITE, then FROZEN, CHILLED for later use; requires BLAST chiller/freezr, adequate storage.

The primary focus of nutrition care for a man with hypertension and a BMI of 32 should be to: a. decrease sodium intake b. increase potassium intake c. increase calcium intake d. decrease body weight

d. decrease body weight

A tube fed patient receiving bolus feedings develops a distended abdomen. What should you recommend? a. change the tube feeding to isotonic, lactose-free b. decrease the osmolality of the feeding c. decrease the amount of water flush d. decrease the rate

d. decrease the rate

Which of the following dishmachine temps should be adjusted? Pre-rinse 121F Wash 145F Final rinse 205F a. increase the temperature of the pre-rinse b. increase the temperature of the wash cycle c. decrease the temp. of the wash cycle d. decrease the temp of the rinse cycle

d. decrease the temp of the rinse cycle

Which of the following dish machine temperatures should be adjusted? Pre-rinse 121F, Wash 145F, Final Rinse 205F a. increase the temperature of the pre-rinse b. increase the temperature of the wash cycle c. decrease the temperature of the wash cycle d. decree the temperature of the rinse cycle

d. decree the temperature of the rinse cycle

An employee becomes loud and disruptive and refuses to comply with the Dietitian's request concerning nourishment preparation. What should the Dietitian do? a. attempt to calm the employee while meeting nourishment preparation deadlines b. take the employee aside and determine whether insubordination can be established c. ignore the behavior d. designate a replacement and remove the employee for further discusssion

d. designate a replacement and remove the employee for further discusssion

What is the chemical composition of a class ABC fire extinguisher? a. water under pressure b. carbon dioxide under pressure c. carbon monoxide under pressure d. dry inert chemicals under pressure

d. dry inert chemicals under pressure 3. Fire Safety - fires release carbon monoxide CO a. Class A - (symbol) - ordinary combustible materials, wood, paper, cloth. b. Class B - (symbol) - flammable liquids, gases, greases (typically found in food service) c. Class C - (symbol) - live electrical fires d. extinguishers - Multi-purpose dry chemical (ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, mica, talc): can be used on A, B, C classes of fire. - Foam: A, B - Carbon Dioxide: B, C - water, water plus carbon dioxide, soda, acid: A - Dry chemical: B, C - Class K: commercial kitchens that use appliances and oils operating at much higher temps than previous oils and appliances.

The Ouchi Theory Z management theory states that: a. decision-making is a centralized function b. committed employees can exercise self-control c. employee potential is only partially utilized d. employee involvement is the key to productivity

d. employee involvement is the key to productivity Theory Z: work is as natural as play and rest; management should arrange conditions so worker scan achieve goals by directing own efforts. (positive, participative) . If manager productivity is high employee is high.

Why should a manager not allow employees to wear long jewelry in the kitchen? a. to prevent showing off to other workers b. sanitation considerations c. possible theft d. employee safety and sanitation

d. employee safety and sanitation

In cystic fibrosis, the most impaired nutrient is: a. protein b. disaccharides c. electrolytes d. fat

d. fat

HACCP standards would be similar for which of the following foods? a. canned corn and frozen corn b. fresh chicken and frozen chicken c. fresh beef and frozen chicken d. frozen beef and frozen corn

d. frozen beef and frozen corn HACCP - Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point a. preventive approach to quality control, identifying potential dangers for corrective action, identifies food hazards and high hazard jobs. b. Seven Principles: conduct hazard analysis, determine CCP, establish critical limits, establish monitoring procedures, establish correct actions, establish verification procedures, establish record-keeping and documentation procedures.

For which of the following diseases is diet therapy the primary treatment? a. peptic ulcer b. diabetes c. Wilson's disease d. galactosemia

d. galactosemia Treated solely by diet- galactose and lactose free. NO: organ meats (naturally contain galactose), MSG extenders, milk, lactose, galactose, whey, casein, dry milk, solids, curds, calcium/sodium, bell peppers, dates. OK: soy, hydrolyzed casein, lactate, lactic acid, lactalbumin, pure MSG.

Which piece of food service equipment may be restricted by a local law? a. toaster b. steam-jacket kettle c. convection oven d. garbage disposal

d. garbage disposal

You have developed a website to market a new business. Which of the following components is a form of promotion? a. online order form b. price and availability of products c. email address of the business d. graphics and text of products

d. graphics and text of products

Which of the following would be classified as NI in the NCP? a. not ready for diet change b. altered GI function c. involuntary weight loss d. increased energy expenditure

d. increased energy expenditure

Quality circles are useful in: a. employee evaluations b. job selection and placement c. policy development d. increasing productivity

d. increasing productivity 6. Kaizen Philosophy "good change" making continuous and small incremental improvements in process on a daily basis, rather than large revolutionary changes. It focuses on teamwork, discipline, improved morale, quality circles and suggestions for improvements.

Why would you add bicarbonate to a solution for a person with hyperkalemia? a. it forces magnesium out of the cell to attract potassium b. it forces chloride out of the cell to attract potassium c. it exchanges phosphorus for potassium d. it exchanges hydrogen for potassium

d. it exchanges hydrogen for potassium

Which of the following menu items generate the most revenue? Menu item Selling $ Raw food cost Units sold Item: Shrimp alfredo $12.95 $4.05 75 Chicken Marsals $11.50 $3.83 193 Prime rib $14.95 $4.39 172 Lemon halibut $13.50 $4.29 210 a. shrimp alfredo b. chicken marsala c. prime rib d. lemon halibut

d. lemon halibut - Shrimp alfredo = $12.95 x 75 = $971.25 - Chicken marsala = $11.50 x 193 = $2219.5 - Prime rib = $14.95 x 172 = $2571.4 - Lemon halibut = $13.50 x 210 = $2835 (answer)

What would be an expected outcome of WIC? a. fewer women breast feed b. fewer babies, better birth control c. low income women have better knowledge concerning nutrition d. less anemia, increased HG and HT levels in women

d. less anemia, increased HG and HT levels in women

In most patients, a normal gastric residual volume would be a. less than 100 ml b. less than 200 ml c. less than 200 ml d. less than 250 ml

d. less than 250 ml Check gastric residual every 4 hours first 24 hours. GRV >250 after second check. GRV >500ml hold feeds.

When making decisions, a consultative leader is one who: a. relies on input from others b. does not ask for input from the team c. uses the compromise to determine the best decision d. listens to others but makes the decision themselves

d. listens to others but makes the decision themselves

Which has the greatest effect on the renal solute load? a. potassium b. sodium c. glucose d. protein

d. protein

To determine how profitable a department has been, determine the profit margin, which is: a. ratio of income to revenue b. ratio of costs to income c. ration of overhead to sales d. ratio of profit to sales

d. ratio of profit to sales

Which stage of change is represented by this comment: "Each week I prepare a vegetable dish found on a great website recommended by my friend." a. preparation b. contemplation c. action d. maintenance

d. maintenance -pre-contemplating- unaware or not interested in making a change "I did notknow salt had any effect on my blood pressure". -contemplating- thinking about making a change "I was looking at the salt content of foods I have a home" -preparation- decides to change and plans the change "I bought a cookbook on low salt cooking" -action- tries to make the change "I removed the salt shaker from the kitchen table" -maintenance- sustains the change for 6 months or longer "I found a website that helps me plan family low sodium meals'

The organized gathering of data and information for the purpose of analyzing a service for clients is: a. an experimental design b. a relationship analysis c. product development d. market research

d. market research

Employees are consistently late returning form breaks. The Dietitian should first: a. have all employees clock in and out for breaks b. analyze activities to identify the best break times c. discipline tardy employees the next time they are late returning from breaks d. meet with all employees as a group and solicit recommendations for improvement

d. meet with all employees as a group and solicit recommendations for improvement

Which would add bulk to frozen yogurt? a. carrageenan b. carob gum c. monoglycerides d. microcrystalline cellulose

d. microcrystalline cellulose fat substitute.

A patient on Levodopa should: a. increase protein intake at breakfast b. consume no more than 40 grams protein per day c. evenly divide protein intake throughout the day d. minimize protein at breakfast and lunch, and add it to dinner

d. minimize protein at breakfast and lunch, and add it to dinner Vitamin B6 and protein Decrease effectiveness of L-dopa (levodopa) which controls symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Take drug in the morning with less than 10g of protein. (competes with drug for absorption sites)

A narrow span of management should be employed with: a. routine, repetitive, homogeneous work b. health care professionals who don't require close supervision c. well motivated, highly trained group d. newly hired employees

d. newly hired employees narrow span- more levels are created; need more managers, more personnel

Meat loaf has been left out for 5 hours. Should you serve it? a. yes b. yes because bacteria was destroyed during the heating process c. no because of the risk of botulism d. no because of the risk of staphylococcus

d. no because of the risk of staphylococcus meat, animal products, salads like potato, chicken, macaroni, cream-filled bakery products.

A patient presents with the following lab values: ALP 100 U/L, AST 30 U/L, ALT 35 U/L. This indicates: a. hepatic encephalopathy b. hepatitis c. cirrhosis d. normal liver function

d. normal liver function

Which best determines whether or not to intervene with a new patient? a. the patient's current medical diagnosis b. the patient's nutritional status history c. a request by the patient's family d. nutrition screening results

d. nutrition screening results

The Prader Willi syndrome is associated with... a. hyperactivity b. deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase c. macrocytic anemia d. obesity

d. obesity Prader Willi Syndrome- chromosome 15 deletion. Congenital disorder, supra-normal body fat. GHRELIN level are elevated, stimulates growth hormone, appetite, does not sense satiety, obesity age 2-3 years old, Best treatment: control food intake.

An infant wants a bottle at bedtime. You should counsel the parents to: a. give the bottle only at bedtime b. give the bottle only if the baby insists c. only give milk in the bottle d. only give water in the bottle

d. only give water in the bottle

Which hormone moves milk through the mammary ducts? a. prolactin b. progesterone c. estrogen d. oxytocin

d. oxytocin Prolactin - makes milk

A post-surgical patient with prolonged ileus should be treated with: a. a high fiber diet b. enteral nutrition with added fiber c. enteral nutrition d. parenteral nutrition

d. parenteral nutrition - Mod to sev malnutrition pt with prolonged GI dysfx. - Critically ill hemodynamically stable with paralytic ileus, acute GI bleed, bowel obstruction. - Only malnourished cancer pt on therapy who are anticipated to be unable to ingest and absorb adequate nutrients - Cancer pt unable to eat/ingest nutrients for 7-4 days

After one year, which of the following would justify continuing a monthly heart-healthy eating class? a. all of the participants attended at least 90% of the classes b. other community members have inquired about joining the program c. physicians have begun referring their patients to the class d. participants report decreased cholesterol levels

d. participants report decreased cholesterol levels

A 2 year old child with iron-deficiency anemia has anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, and restlessness. Look for: a. excessive milk and fruit juice intake b. excessive vitamin C and D intake c. asthma and respiratory distress d. pica and lead poisoning

d. pica and lead poisoning

A Hispanic woman needs more calcium in her diet. What do you recommend? a. milk b. plantains c. avocados d. pinto beans

d. pinto beans

If you inform an employee that as his supervisor, you wish to have him perform a certain task, you are utilizing: a. expert power b. coercive power c. dominant power d. position power

d. position power

Which of the following components is a form of business promotion? a. the form used to place an order b. price and availability of products c. location of the business d. printed materials describing the current sales

d. printed materials describing the current sales

Quality control is: a. outcome or output oriented b. a measure of the quality of care provided c. patient care oriented d. proactive-focuses on the prevention of errors in food service

d. proactive-focuses on the prevention of errors in food service

Samonella sources are often a. reheated foods b. starchy foods and mixtures like casseroles c. foods cooled slowly and reheated d. raw produce and uncooked foods of animal origin

d. raw produce and uncooked foods of animal origin

In making decisions, take the following steps: a. gather data, choose solution, take action, follow-up b. determine workable solutions, choose one, take action c. choose solution, take action, follow-up d. recognize and analyze the problem, gather data, choose solution, take action, follow-up

d. recognize and analyze the problem, gather data, choose solution, take action, follow-up

The temp of a beef casserole drops below 140'F within an hour. What should you do? a. throw it out b. return it to the hot-holding cabinet to reheat it to a temp of 165 c. return it to the oven to reheat it to a minimum of 140 d. return it to the oven to reheat it to a minimum of 165

d. return it to the oven to reheat it to a minimum of 165

Which of the following components is projected first during the budgeting process? a. cash b. labor c. operating expenses d. revenue

d. revenue

After an outbreak of food-borne illness in the cafeteria, you discover one of your employees has an infected cut on his finger. You should: a. call the state public health office to investigate b. have the lab culture the kitchen c. fire the employee d. send the employee home until the cut has healed

d. send the employee home until the cut has healed

Unions usually advance employees based on: a. age b. skill c. merit d. seniority

d. seniority

An employee voted in by the union who works to settle grievances while on paid time is the: a. mediator b. arbitrator c. conciliator d. shop steward

d. shop steward

Your patient is on Coumadin. Which foods would you make sure to consistently include in their diet? a. oranges, peaches b. sweet potatoes c. beef, lamb d. spinach, collard greens

d. spinach, collard greens

The FDA is responsible for: a. pesticide residue tolerance levels b. standard of fill, assuring meat wholesomeness, nutrition labels c. grading of meats d. standard of identity, nutrition labels, imitation foods

d. standard of identity, nutrition labels, imitation foods

You called a meeting for 9AM. Three out of the five people arrived on time. What is the general guideline for starting meetings? a. wait until all participants have arrived b. wait 10 minutes past the started starting time c. wait until the most significant members have arrived d. start on time

d. start on time

Which job would you not give to a Consultant Dietitian? a. planning future goals b. writing policies and procedures c. providing staff in-service d. supervision of dietary employees

d. supervision of dietary employees

A disgruntled employee is loud and disruptive and appears to be out of control even after the Dietitian has counseled him. What should the Dietitian do? a. send the employee to the break room to calm down b. return to the office to write a disciplinary report c. send the employee off the premises immediately and alert security d. take the employee into the office and discuss the consequences of his behavior

d. take the employee into the office and discuss the consequences of his behavior

In order to influence a legislator one day before a vote, the Dietitian should: a. visit the legislative aide b. write a letter to the legislator c. send a postcard to the legislator d. telephone the legislator

d. telephone the legislator

To complete a subjective global assessment evaluate: a. his lab values over the past 6 months b. current body weight compared to ideal body weight c. usual dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire d. the presence of edema and wasting or dehydration

d. the presence of edema and wasting or dehydration SGA Subjective Global Assessment History, intake, GI symptoms, functional capacity, physical appearance, edema, wt changes

Why is an affluent couple (the man with diabetes, 67 years old, and the wife with a broken arm, 50 years of age) not eligible for Meals on Wheels? a. she is too young b. they are affluent c. this program does not cater to special diets d. they can leave the house

d. they can leave the house

Why are open-ended questions better during an interview? a. they provide the same info on all applicants b. there is less personal bias c. they are less time-consuming d. they provide more info

d. they provide more info

A patient with heart failure on a loop diuretic needs to have the status of which vitamin evaluated: a. pantothenic acid b. niacin c. riboflavin d. thiamin

d. thiamin Evaluate thiamin status (loss with loop diuretics). Without thiamin, pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl CoA for energy, so heart muscle is deprived. DRI for folate, Mg, MV with B12.

Two of the listed ingredients on a frozen food label are BHA and BHT. What is their function? a. flavor enhancers b. emulsifiers c. to prevent enzymatic oxidation d. to prevent lipid oxidation

d. to prevent lipid oxidation a. BHA, BHT = antioxidants for fatty products b. acids- denature bacterial protein

which of the following formulas is used to determine a meal equivalent in a commercial operation? a. average of a prototype meal b. average dollars spent per patrol over a one week period c. total sales divided by budget cost per meal d. total revenues for a specific period divided by the cost of a prototype meal

d. total revenues for a specific period divided by the cost of a prototype meal

Which anthropometric measurements are useful in assessing adults? a. triceps skinfold, head circumference, arm muscle circumference b. head circumference, arm muscle circumference, height, weight c. serum albumin, triceps skinfold d. triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, height, weight

d. triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, height, weight

Which of the following is poor management? a. one supervisor for one employee b. one supervisor for every two employees c. one supervisor for the entire department d. two supervisors for one employee

d. two supervisors for one employee

Athletes should receive... a. salt pills only during the summer months b. extra protein c. carbohydrate loading two weeks prior to an event d. water during an event to replace lost fluids

d. water during an event to replace lost fluids